File_handling in c++ and its use cases.pptx

What Is File?
A file is a collection on information, usually
stored on a computer's disk. Information
can be saved to files and then later reused.

The following classes in C++
have access to file input and
output functions:
 fstream
 Ifstream
 ofstream

DIFFERENT FILE OPERATIONS
 OPENING A FILE
 CLOSING A FILE
 READING FROM A FILE
 WRITING ON A FILE
 CHECKING FOR END OF FILE

OPENING A FILE
1.By using the CONSTRUCTOR of the stream class.
ifstream transaction(“xyz.txt");
ofstream result("result.02");
2.By using the open() function of the stream class
ifstream transaction;
transaction.open(“xyz.txt");

Checking For Successful File Opening
ifstream transaction("sale.txt");
if (transcation == NULL)
{
cout<<"unable to open sales.txt";
cin.get(); //waits for the operator to press any key
exit(0);
}

Reading from a file
// Print each character read from the file
char ch;
while (file.get(ch))
{
cout << ch ;
}

WRITE TO A FILE
// Method 1: Using the << operator
outputFile << "Hello, world!" << endl;
outputFile << "This is a new line." << endl;
// Method 2: Using the write() function const char* message =
"Another way to write to a file.";
outputFile.write(message, strlen(message));

Closing of File
Stream name.close();
e.g., transaction.close();

File Mode Parameters
MODES MEANINGS
 ios::app Append to end-of file
 ios::ate Goto end of file on opening
 ios::binary Binary file
 ios::in Open existing file for reading
 ios::nocreate Open fails if file doesn't exist
 ios::noreplace Open fails if file already exists
 ios::out Open existing file for writing
 ios::trunc Deletes contents if it exists
The mode can combine two or more modes using bit wise or (l)

Types of Files
 The two basic types of files are
1.Text File
&
2.Binary File

Text File Binary File
 When using a text file, we
write out separately each of
the pieces of data about a
given record.
 The text file will be readable
by an editor.
 for the text file we will use
the usual output
operator(<<) and will output
each of the pieces of the
record separately.
 with the text file we will read
each of the pieces of record
from the file separately,
using the usual input
operator(>>)
 When using a Binary file we
write whole record data to
the file at once.
 But the numbers in the
binary file will not be
readable in this way.
 For the binary file we will use
write to write to the file.
 With the binary file we will
use the read function to read
a whole record.

File_handling in c++ and its use cases.pptx

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