final Man & Environment (1).ppt
- 1. JOIN HANDS TO PLANT A PLANT & SAVE EARTH Presented By: Mr . P. Raj Shekhar Phaneendra Asst. Prof. of Physics
- 2. World Environment Day is also known as the Environment Day, Eco Day or short form WED. World Environment Day (also called as WED) has been started celebrating as an annual event on every 5th of June in order to raise the global awareness about the importance of the healthy and green environment in the human lives.
- 3. Objectives of WED celebrations • It is celebrated to make aware the common public about the environmental issues. • Encourage common people from different society and communities to actively participate in the celebration as well as become an active agent in developing environmental safety measures. • Encourage people to make their nearby surroundings safe and clean to enjoy safer, cleaner and more prosperous future.
- 5. It’s our collective responsibility to save Environment
- 6. Environment The term “Environment" means total surroundings of an organism. Environment is a system of physical, chemical and biological factors in dynamic equilibrium.
- 7. Environmental Perception: Who Cares? Week Year Lifetime Next Generation Family Community Nation World Very Important Some Importanc Little Importance No Importance Global Warming Hazardous materials Air pollution
- 8. Environment Environment Abiotic environment Sun light,soil,air,water Biotic environment Microorganisms,plants,animals
- 9. Lithosphere - Solid earth Basic Components Environment Physical environment Biotic environment Hydrosphere Atmosphere - Water - Gaseous envelope Biosphere Flora Fauna - Plants, microbes Animals
- 10. Biosphere It is a complex interacting system of living organisms and the physical environment. The biosphere is composed of smaller units called Ecosystems.
- 11. Ecosystem A dynamically balanced open environmental system. Self- sustaining ( ~ self cleaning ability ) Stability ( Buffering ability )
- 12. The quality of Human life is directly related to the quality of Environment.
- 13. Human dependence on the natural Environment a resource for food supply a major source of medicines an energy source a source for recreation natural resources for industrial products
- 14. N E E D S W A N T S W A N T S Environment Human wants are never ending
- 15. Human activity = Impacts Human activity is a major cause of environmental change Environment degradation has an impact not only on human beings but on all species and most natural systems
- 16. Human activity = Impacts Ozone depletion Loss of biodiversity Population increase Economic growth Global warming Air ,water & land pollution Resource depletion
- 17. Garbage of Plastic Bags Plastics in the Oceans
- 18. WHAT IS GLOBAL CHANGE ? Global change includes natural and human- induced changes in the Earth's environment . Global change can be defined as changes in the global environment (including alterations in climate, land productivity, oceans or other water resources, atmospheric chemistry, and ecological systems) that may alter the capacity of the Earth to sustain life.
- 19. Our current global situation: Since the mid 1980s, humanity has been in ecological overshoot with annual demand on resources exceeding what Earth can regenerate each year. It now takes the Earth one year and four months to regenerate what we use in a year.
- 20. Human population growth Population growth is the central cause of the environmental crisis. Human impact on the biosphere is a function of the size of human population and environmental impact per person. It also depends on the nature and degree of industrialization. The world’s population presently grows by about 250,000 people per day. Our population is rapidly rising beyond the earth's ability to regenerate and sustain us . We are exceeding the carrying capacity of our planet. How do human impact the Environment?
- 21. Over-population leads to: Resource depletion Resource degradation Pollution Loss of biodiversity
- 22. Impact of over population
- 23. I N D U S T R Y Chemical inputs (raw materials Power inputs ( gas, oil, coal) Other inputs (water) Air Pollution Water Pollution Land Pollution The products Gaseous effluent Liquid effluent Solid Waste Impact of Industrialization
- 24. Impact of Urbanization Urbanization Over crowding of people Increased demand for resources Increased disposal of waste Air pollution slums
- 25. Agriculture Desertification Salinization & water logging Nitrate build-up Animal Wastes Fertilizer run-off (salts & phosphates) Pesticidal toxicity Impact of Agriculture
- 26. Human health impacts of Pesticidal pollution Affect and damage the nervous system. Cause liver damage. Damage DNA and a variety of cancers Cause reproductive and endocrine damage. Cause other acutely toxic and chronic effects.
- 27. Deforestation Tropical forests cover only six percent of Earth’s land surface. They contain between 70% and 90% of world’s species . Deforestation is causing a loss of biological diversity on an unprecedented scale. Loss of biological diversity between 50 and 100 animal and plant species each day Tropical rainforests are disappearing at an alarming rate.
- 28. Deforestation Rainforest are one of the most biologically diverse regions of the world. More than 50 percent of the tree cover has disappeared due to human activity. Trees act as a major storage depot for carbon. carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is used to produce carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that make up trees. Forests naturally cool down the climate because they help retain moisture in the air. Deforestation has been found to contribute to global warming.
- 29. Desertification Desertification is the persistent degradation of dry land ecosystems. Overgrazing results in removal of vegetation and exposing of soil to wind and water erosion. Some 10 to 20% of dry land are already degraded. Climatic changes can trigger the desertification process. But human activities frequently are the proximate cause. Desertification is devouring more than 20,000 square miles of land worldwide every year.
- 30. Land Degradation loss of quality and productive capacity of soil. the loss of organic matter and fertility the reduction of vegetative cover and biodiversity decline in soil life. Results in compaction and erosion a reduction in water holding capacity and increased salinization.
- 31. Health Impacts of land pollution Breathing of polluted dust or particles cause problems in the respiratory system Eating fruits and vegetables that have been grown in polluted soil lead to birth defects Cause problems on the skin Cause various kinds of cancers
- 33. Pollution : A silent Killer People are exposed to harmful Pollutants in the air they breathe , the liquids they drink, the food they eat, the surface they touch, and the products they use. When the environment can not process the load of pollutants , pollution takes place . Every environmental system has a carrying capacity .
- 34. Impact of Air pollution Visibility reduction - airborne particles Material damage - damage to rubber goods and textiles Agricultural damage – damages all kinds of crops Psychological effects – psychosomatic diseases Physiological and health effects – respiratory / cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer
- 35. Impact of air pollution on plants Interfere with photosynthesis , carbohydrates production Damage to leaf tissue and fruit Reduction in growth rate or suppression of growth Increased susceptibility to disease, pests and adverse weather Reduced crop yields and makes fruit smaller, lighter and less nutritious
- 36. Doubling of carbon dioxide In 1850, atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide was about 280 ppm. Today, it is about 350 ppm. This increase is due largely to burning of fossil fuels and clearing of forests.
- 37. Impact of increasing CO2 levels in the Atmosphere Increased photosynthesis and productivity by the earth’s vegetation . Increased plant production also means increased respiration . Elevated CO2 means an increase in global temperature - the greenhouse effect Increased average surface temperature of the earth by about 0.6° ± 0.2°C. This increase in earth’s average temperature is called Global warming. A warmer Earth may lead to changes in rainfall patterns, a rise in sea level, and a wide range of impacts on plants, wildlife, and humans.
- 38. Heat - trapping gases -Greenhouse gases (GHGs) GHGs carbon dioxide Nitrous oxide Methane Water vapour Halons (halocarbons) Fire-extinguisher Chlorofluorocarbons (e.g. Freon) A refrigerant
- 39. Anthropogenic Green house effect Co2 - 50% - 60% of global warming, fossil burning CFCs- 15% - 25% deplete ozone in atmosphere Methane – 12%- 20% Anaerobic bacteria Nitrous oxide – traps heat, depletes ozone
- 40. Impact of heat – trapping gases (Greenhouse gases) The heat retention capacity of methane is 25 times greater than carbon dioxide. Nitrous oxide is about 200 times more than carbon dioxide. The global surface temperature has risen about 0.5 C since the Industrial Revolution. It will rise from 1.5 degrees C to 4.5 degrees C by 2060.
- 41. Green house effect Single – element molecules: e.g. oxygen, nitrogen –transparent to heat. Polyatomic gases: e.g. water vapour , methane, carbon dioxide trap heat in the atmosphere much like glass in a greenhouse traps heat. Global Warming increase in the average temperature of the atmosphere, oceans, and landmasses of Earth.
- 44. Impact of Global warming 1. Temperature extremes 2. Rise in sea level, and change in precipitation 3. Storms, coastal flooding 4. Contamination of drinking water 5. Drought 6. Food shortages due to shift in agricultural food production 7. Air pollution ( made worse by warming) 8. Asthma, bronchitis, emphysema complications 9. Increased need to population migrations 10. Unable to control spread of infectious diseases
- 45. Ozone hole above Antarctica In 1980s scientists discovered a "hole" in the ozone over Antarctica. In 1990s atmospheric scientists reported an annual loss of 40-50% of the ozone above Antarctica. One CFC molecule can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules.
- 46. Ozone hole size changes
- 47. Water pollutants Industrial Effluents Mining and Agricultural Wastes Agricultural pesticides, fertilizers and herbicides Sewage Disposal and Domestic Wastes
- 48. Impact of water pollution Nutrient loading may lead to Eutrophication . Organic wastes cause oxygen depletion. Industrial discharges contain heavy metals , resin pellets, organic toxins, oils, nutrients, and solids. Discharges from power stations can also have thermal effects, and these too reduce the available oxygen.
- 49. Health impacts of water pollution Water related Diseases Water – borne infections -typhoid, cholera, hepatitis Water – washed infections scabies , conjunctivitis, diarrhea Water – based infections Schistosomiasis,guinea worm Water – related insect vectors Yellow fever, sleeping sickness Defective sanitation -Hook worm
- 50. Health effects of pollution-Over view
- 51. Threats to Biodiversity Threats to Biodiversity Habitat loss and destruction Alterations in ecosystem composition Introduction of exotic species Over-exploitation pollution and contamination Global climate change
- 53. Future predictions Water Scarcity - Currently, 434 million people face either water scarcity. By 2025 it may increase between 2.6 billion and 3.1 billion people. Cropland Scarcity- The number of people living in countries where cultivated land is critically scarce is projected to increase between 600 million and 986 million in 2025. Fisheries - The capacity of coastal and marine ecosystems to produce fish for human harvest is highly degraded by over-fishing, destructive trawling techniques and loss of coastal nursery areas. Seventy –five percent of all fish stocks are in urgent need of better management.
- 54. Future predictions Forests – Past Land cover of forests in India is 33%- Present Land cover of forests in India is 12%- Global rate of deforestation is 10 million hectares per year . Global Warming –Average surface temperature of the earth is 15 degrees C. It has risen by 0.6 degrees C. Global temperature will rise by 1.4 to 5.8 degrees C. Species Extinction –Present rate of extinction is 1000- 10,000 times higher than the natural extinction. Earth may lose upto 50% of the species by the end of 21 century. In tropical forests the extinction is 2-5 species per hour.
- 56. Suggestions for Improvement Prevent pollution. Reduce waste. Use water, energy and other resources efficiently. Manage the use of natural resources prudently. Maintain the diversity of life. Protect and respect the world's natural, cultural, indigenous and historical heritage. Support environmental education and training. Support local action and community participation. Promote practices, methods and technologies that reduce negative impacts on the environment.
- 59. What is Green Technology? Green technology is the technology which is environmentally friendly and is created and used in a way that conserves natural resources and the environment. It's main goal is to find ways to produce technology in ways that do not damage or deplete the Earth's natural resources. The use of green technology (clean technology) is supposed to reduce the amount of waste and pollution that is created during production and consumption.
- 60. “There is enough in the world for everyone’s need, but not enough for everyone’s greed.” - Mahatma Gandhi