Fire Safety Training.pptx with its existing metode

All Odisha Safety
Association
Basic Fire Safety Training
&
Diwali Precaution

Fire Safety, at its most basic, is based upon the
principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition sources separate.
The Fire Triangle

1. Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion
2. Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature
3. Some FUEL or combustible material
Together, they produce the CHEMICAL REACTION that is
fire
Three things must be present at the same time to
produce fire:
Take away any of these things and
the fire will be extinguished
The Fire Triangle

Fuel Classifications
• Fires are classified according to the type of fuel that is
burning.
• If you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher on the
wrong class of fire, you might make matters worse.
• Its very important to understand the four different fire
(fuel) classifications…

Types of Extinguishers
Type A Label
Type A label is in a triangle on the
extinguisher. This extinguisher is used for
ordinary combustibles such as cloth, wood,
rubber and many plastics. These types of
fires usually leave ashes after they burn.
Type A extinguishers for Ashes.
International Symbol

Type B Label
Type B label is in a square on the
extinguisher. This extinguisher is used for
flammable liquid fires such as oil, gasoline,
paints, lacquers, grease, and solvents. These
substances often come in barrels. Type B
extinguishers for Barrels.

Type C Label
Type C label is in a circle on the extinguisher.
This extinguisher is used for electrical fires
such as in wiring, fuse boxes, energized
electrical equipment and other electrical
sources. Electricity travels in currents. Type C
extinguishers for Currents.

Type D Label
Type D label is in a star on the extinguisher.
This extinguisher is used for metal fires such
as magnesium, titanium and sodium. These
types of fire are very dangerous and seldom
handled by the general public. Type D for
Don't get involved
D

Type D Fire Extinguisher Extinguishing Agent:
For Use on Metal Fires Including: Copper Powder
Aluminum Graphite
Lithium Sodium chloride
Magnesium
Potassium
Sodium
Titanium
Uranium
Zirconium
You Must Match the Proper Agent to the Flammable Metal!
Dry Chemical is Different Than Dry Powder
Dry Chemical = ABC Type Dry Powder = Type D
D

Type K Label
Class K for fires in unsaturated cooking oils in
well insulated cooking appliances in
commercial kitchens.

Characteristics
Water extinguisher 30-40 ft. 60 sec.
Dry chemical 5-20 ft. 8-25 sec.
CO2 extinguisher 3-8 ft. 8-30 sec.

Characteristics
Type D (30 lb.) 6 - 8 ft. 30 sec.
Type K 8 - 12 ft. 50-75 sec.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
It’s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if
you remember the acronym PASS:
 Pull
 Aim
 Squeeze
 Sweep

Pull the pin…
This will allow you to
discharge the
extinguisher

Aim at the base of the fire…
Hit the fuel.
If you aim at the flames...
… the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do
no good.

Squeeze the top handle…
This depresses a button that
releases the pressurized
extinguishing agent.

Sweep from side to side…
.. until the fire is
completely out.
Start using the extinguisher from a
safe distance away, then slowly
move forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case
it re-ignites.

Rules for Fighting Fires
Fires can be very dangerous and you should always be certain that you will not
endanger yourself or others when attempting to put out a fire.
For this reason, when a fire is discovered…
1. Assist any person in immediate danger to safety, if it can be
accomplished without risk to yourself.
2. Call 911 or activate the building fire alarm. The fire alarm will
notify the fire department and other building occupants and shut
off the air handling system to prevent the spread of smoke.
If the fire is small (and Only after having done these 2 things), you
may attempt to use an extinguisher to put it out. However . . . .

. . . before deciding to fight the fire, keep these things in mind:
1. Know what is burning. If you don’t know what’s burning, you
won’t know what kind of extinguisher to use.
2. Even if you have an ABC fire extinguisher, there may be something
in the fire that is going to explode or produce toxic fumes.
Chances are you will know what’s burning, or at least have a
pretty good idea, but if you don’t, let the fire department
handle it.

. . . before deciding to fight the fire, keep these things in mind:
3. Is the fire spreading rapidly beyond the point where it started? The time
to use an extinguisher is at the beginning stages of the fire.
4. If the fire is already spreading quickly, it is best to simply evacuate the
building.
As you evacuate a building, close doors and windows behind you as
you leave. This will help to slow the spread of smoke and fire.

Do not fight the fire if:
 You don’t have adequate or appropriate equipment. If you don’t have the correct
type or large enough extinguisher, it is best not to try fighting the fire.
 You might inhale toxic smoke. When synthetic materials such as the nylon in
carpeting or foam padding in a sofa burn, they can produce hydrogen cyanide and
ammonia in addition to carbon monoxide. These gases can be fatal in very small
amounts.
 Your instincts tell you not to. If you are uncomfortable with the situation for any
reason, just let the fire department do their job.

The final rule is to always position yourself with an exit or means of
escape at your back before you attempt to use an extinguisher to put
out a fire.
In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something unexpected happens,
you need to be able to get out quickly. You don’t want to become trapped.

INTRODUCTION
Diwali is thoroughly enjoyed by people of all age groups as they love the splendor and sparkle of
fireworks. This Diwali too, you will witness spectacular illumination, with diyas and a sparkling, festive
sky. It's a great season to catch up with friends and family and spend time together bursting crackers
and binging on sweets.
It's a happy occasion and the last thing on your mind is the possibility, even a minute one, of things
going very, very wrong.
The bad news is that every single year, during Diwali, there are hundreds of accidental fires in homes
culminating in injuries and even death. The festival of joy turns into a tragedy for the families affected.
The good news is that most of these accidents are the result of sheer carelessness and apathy towards
basic safely tips and hence, can be easily avoided.
In order to avoid these type of unwanted incidents/accidents, I request you to plz go through the safety
tips provided in further slides……

GENERAL SAFETY TIPS
 Diwali and diyas go hand in hand, so while doing up your house, remember to keep the diyas in
isolated spots, far away from curtains, bedding, wall decorations or any other combustible materials.
 Use good quality of electric decorative lights. Make sure there are no naked wires in it. Hang the
lights at height if your children are young and are likely to touch it. The electric lights should never be
tied to any metal poles as any current leak can energize the pole and give a shock to anyone who
touches the pole.
 While tradition dictates that you 'dress up' for the season, try to keep away from synthetics and silk,
especially while bursting crackers. Wear cotton apparel and keep a safe distance from the fireworks.
 Keep the regulators of your cooking gas cylinders turned off and do not keep the cylinders in
balconies or open spaces to keep them protected from stray rockets.
 In case of any accident don't drive recklessly while taking a victim to the hospital.

DO’s & DONT’s - HANDLING FIRE CRACKERS
 Use fireworks only outdoor.
 Buy fireworks of authorized/reputed/licensed manufacturers only.
 Keep the fireworks to be used at a safer place.
 Always use a long candle/‘phooljhari' for igniting fire crackers and keep elbow joint straight to increase the distance between the body and the crackers.
 Keep two buckets of water handy. Every major fire is small when it starts.
 Don't ignite fireworks while holding them.
 Don't bend over the fireworks being ignited.
 Don't ignite fireworks in any container.
 Don't tamper with misfired fireworks.
 Don't attempt to make fireworks at home.
 Don't allow small children to handle fireworks.
 Don't throw or point fireworks at other people.
 Don't carry fireworks in the pocket.
 Don't store firecrackers near burning candles and divas.

PREPARE FOR MINOR AND MAJOR BURN
 Find out the medical emergency number of your doctor/ hospital and save in mobile and paste at visible places.
 Remember, all major fires are small when they start; extinguish it immediately.
 If someone catches fire, don't panic and act fast.
 Learn to differentiate between minor and major burns.
 In the event of minor burns, only the outer layer of skin is burned. The skin usually gets red with swelling and
sometimes it is painful too. This is a first degree burn.
 When blisters develop on the skin and it becomes intensely reddened with splotchy appearance, it is a second degree
burn. It is accompanied with severe pain and swelling (better to consider it as a major burn).
 Major burns or the most serious burns, also called third degree burns. Third degree burns are the most severe burns,
extending down into the subcutaneous tissue. They may even extend even further, affecting bone, muscles and other
structures.

FIRSTAID FOR MINOR BURNS
 Hold the burnt area under cool running water for at least 10 minutes or until the pain or burning sensation
subsides. Remember, the water should not be “too cold”.
 If the above is impractical to do, immerse the burnt area in cold water. Cooling the burn conducts heat away from
the skin and reduces swelling.
 Cover the burnt area with a sterile gauze bandage. Don't use fluffy cotton. It may irritate the skin. Always wrap the
gauze loosely so that it doesn't put pressure on burned skin. Bandaging helps keeping air off the burned skin,
reduces pain and protects blistered skin.
 Don't use ghee, oil, butter or any ointment etc. on the burn as it increases the risk of infection.
 Don't break blisters, it may cause infection.
 Minor burns generally do not need any further treatment. However, watch for signs of infection which include
increased pain, redness, fever, swelling or oozing. In case of infection, seek medical help.

FIRSTAID FOR MINOR BURNS
 If a person’s clothes catches fire, to put it off, make the victim roll on the floor with a blanket.
 Call medical emergency number.
 Until medical help arrives, take the following steps:
After extinguishing fire, make sure that the victim is no longer in contact with smoldering materials or exposed to
smoke or heat. However, don't remove burnt clothing.
Don't immerse severe burns in cold water. It can cause shock.
Check for signs of circulation - breathing, coughing or movement. If there is no breathing or other sign of circulation,
begin ‘cardio pulmonary resuscitation’ (CPR) - chest compressions combined with mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing.
Elevate the burned body part or parts. If possible, raise them above heart level.
Cover the burn area with a cool, moist, sterile bandage or a clean, moist cloth. You can even use moist towels for the
purpose.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:
Deep (light) avali (rows), a row of lights that taught us to vanquish ignorance that subdues humanity and to
drive away darkness that engulfs the light of knowledge.
But Diwali today means……..
• More ‘air, noise, water, land & social’ pollution due to use of lots of fire-crackers.
• More patients for hospitals during & after the festival, more darkness rather than light.
• Highly polluting nature of these firecrackers lead to a plethora of diseases………

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Cont…….
Are you aware what is the impact of bursting Fire crackers on the environment?
It affects environment in the following ways:
Air Pollution affecting health especially to diseased persons, aged people, children & pregnant women.
Water & land pollution will pollute our resources rivers, lakes…
Increased Noise levels can cause deafness/stress to many.
It takes several weeks to bring back normal air quality.
Fire hazards causing heavy damages to life and property.
Social nuisance leading to community disharmony.
The indicators of depleting environmental quality are harmful gases in the atmosphere, degradation of land, global
warming, ozone depletion, loss of species and habitat and air and water pollution.

SOME OF THE FACTS YOU SHOULD KNOW:
 Crackers contain highly toxic heavy metals like cadmium, lead, copper, manganese and zinc.
 Others have arsenic, mercury, chromium and iron oxides which lead to severe pollution after they are burnt.
 According to the CPCB, 95 per cent of the crackers available in the market violate noise and air pollution norms.
 Thanks to crackers, pollution levels of Delhi rose to 10 times the permissible limit on Diwali, when noise levels
touched 140 decibels.
 Normal decibel level for human beings is 60. An increase by 10 decibels means double the noise volume and
intensity.
 When we use these crackers we are also violating the directives of The Supreme Court in Sep 2001 regarding
firecrackers.

SOME OF THE FACTS YOU SHOULD KNOW Cont.…
 Sivakasi in Tamilnadu produces more than 90% of firecrackers in India.
 More than 100 thousand children aged 3-14 work there 12-16 hrs a day for a meager Rs.10-15.
 The corrosive gunpowder mixture with which they work eats away their tender skins first and their flesh later
 So bear in mind that when we spend 100s of rupees on these polluting crackers we are also encouraging those
who employ these little children & helping the 750 crore fireworks industry flourish!
 In the process we are also denying these vulnerable children, their basic rights to read, write and play.
Now if this is about the children & adults who play with firecrackers………
What about the 1000s of children who make them ????????
Here are some facts!!!!!!!!

CONCLUSION:
I think, after going through the PPT now you will be aware about the brighter as well
as darker sides of this auspicious festival.
Now its up to you how you want to celebrate this festival I mean by spreading
happiness in the society through your positive and eco friendly attitude or by
contributing some more pollution to environment and by indirectly contributing in
encouraging child labor (who are into fire cracker manufacturing) in our society.
Remember that Diwali is a festival to be enjoyed by all. So, celebrate in a manner
that does not cause inconvenience or harm to yourself , to others and/or to our
environment.

Fire Safety Training.pptx with its existing metode

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