Stages of Group Development
- 1. STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT Presented by: Sundarchand B. Sharma Master of Social Work, II Sem Department of Social Work Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh- 470003
- 2. THE GROUP FORMATION STAGES WHICH WE WILL BE DISCUSSING IS THE MODEL GIVEN BY BRUCE TUCKMAN. Everyday we interact with group in one form or other. We are born to dwell in groups, we learn in groups, we work in groups, we interact with friends, and we also spend much in leisure groups We learn, work and play in groups We are moulded in the way which we are perceived and treated by members of our group
- 3. GROUP Oxford Dictionary defines group as ‘a number of persons or things regarded as forming a unit, on account of any kind of mutual or common relation, or classified together on account of a common degree of similarity’ From a sociological point of view a group can be define as two or more humans that interact with one another, accept expectations and obligations as members of the group, as well as the common identity. Going by the definition a society can be perceived at the macro-level as a large group, while a social group (for instances family, club and team) which is considerably small may be viewed as small at the micro-level.
- 4. According to Muzafer Sherif (1916-1982) a group has to be ‘social unit consisting of a number of individuals interacting with each other based on certain elements: a. Common motives and goals: b. An accepted division of labour, i.e., roles, c. Established status relationships; d. Accepted norms and values with reference to matters relevant to the group e. Development of accepted sanctions (praise and punishment) if and when norms were respected or violated
- 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP Interpersonal Interaction Perception of membership Interdependency Goals Motivation Structured relationships Mutual influences
- 6. STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT This model describes the phases through which a group tend to go through their inception to the successful completion of the project and highlights the areas which may cause the group which may lead to failure. There are five stages of group development according to Dr. Tuckman, through which a group can be formed, developed or could be moulded
- 7. FIVE (5) STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT BY TUCKMAN Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning Now, let’s look into these process of group development comprehensively
- 8. FORMING In the Forming stage, personal relations are characterized by dependence. Group members rely on safe, patterned behaviour and look to the group leader for guidance and direction Tend to keep the things simple and avoid controversy. Serious topics and feelings are avoided. Members try to be oriented to the tasks as well as to one another
- 9. STORMING The next stage of Tuckman’s is Storming, which is characterized by conflict and competition in the personal- relations dimension and organisation in the task-function dimension. Here members are more concerned with the impression they are making than the project in hand; wanting to be respected, battling with feelings of inadequacy, wondering who will support or undermine them and above all they provide their value to the leader.
- 10. NORMING In the stage Norming, interpersonal relations are characterized by cohesion. Group members are engaged in active acknowledgement of all members’ contributions, community building and maintenance, and solving of group issues. Members are willing to change their preconceived notions or opinions on the basis of facts presented by other members and they keep interacting with one another. Leadership is shared and cliques are being dissolved. It is the stage of development that people begin to experience a sense of group belonging and a feeling of relief as a result of resolving interpersonal conflicts.
- 11. PERFORMING Generally if we had to talk about, this stage is not reached by all groups. If members are able to reach to this stage, their capacity, range and depth of personal relation expand to true interdependence. Their role and authorities dynamically adjust to the changing needs of the group and individuals. This stage is mark as the most productive. The members at this stage is highly task and people oriented; there is unity among the group, group identity is complete, the morals are at the peak and the loyalty of the group members are intense. Overall, the goal is productivity which is achieved through problem solving and work.
- 12. ADJOURNING This is the final stage of Tuckman’s Group Development Process, Adjourning, involves the termination of task behaviours and disengagement form relationships. A planned conclusion usually includes recognition for participation and achievement an opportunity for members to say personal goodbyes. This is the stage which is about bringing a sense of closure. It is a time for appreciations and reflection on how far they have come. The high and lows, the turning points and what the members can take from the group to their future.
- 13. REFERENCES Indira Gandhi National Open University, Introduction to Social Group Work, 1, 5-7 BRUCE TUCKMAN’S FORMING, STORMING, NORMING & PERFORMING TEAM DEVELOPMENT MODEL, http://sst7.org/media/BruceTuckman_Team_Developme nt_Model.pdf, accessed on 22.03.2018, 2346 IST 5 Stages of Group Development, https://www.med.fsu.edu/uploads/files/FacultyDevelopm ent_GroupDevelopment.pdf, accessed on 22.03.2018, 1145 IST Tuckman’s, B. (1965), Developmental Sequence in Small Groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63, 384-399 Tuckman, B. & Jensen, M. (1977), Stages of Small Group Development, Group and Organizational Studies, 2, 419-427
- 14. THANK YOU