group processes
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The document defines different types of social groups including formal and informal groups, as well as crowds, mobs, audiences, and teams. It also examines the stages of group formation and different aspects of group structure such as norms, roles, status, and cohesiveness. Finally, it discusses several group processes including social facilitation, social loafing, and group polarization.
group processes
- 3. WHAT IS A GROUP?
- 4. A group is an organized system of two or more individuals, working in face to face relationships to share information and resources for a task to be achieved. Or When two or more individuals are classed together either by the organization or out of social needs, it is known as a group.
- 5. CROWD Collection of people present at a place/situation by chance. -There is neither any structure nor feeling of belongingness. -- Behavior of people in a crowd is irrational & there is no interdependence among members.
- 6. MOBS A large crowd of people, especially one that is disorderly and intent on causing trouble or violence -When audiences go into a frenzy they become mobs -definite sense of purpose -polarization in attention -actions of people are in a common direction
- 7. TEAMS a team can be defined as a group of individuals working in a face to face relationship for a common goal. The team functions almost like an individual a team is the collection of people, who are linked together to achieve a common objective.
- 8. AUDIENCE -Collection of people assembled for a special purpose -Generally passive (accepting or allowing what happens or what others do, without resistance.)
- 9. BASIS FOR COMPARISON GROUP TEAM Meaning A collection of individuals who work together in completing a task. A group of persons having collective identity joined together, to accomplish a goal. Leadership Only one leader More than one Members Independent Interdependent Work Products Individual Collective Focus on Accomplishing individual goals. Accomplishing team goals. Accountability Individually Either individually or mutually
- 10. quiz
- 12. Security and Safety needs -Status/power Goal Achievement Satisfaction of social and psychological needs Provide Knowledge and information Why do people Join Groups?
- 13. Primary and Secondary Group In-group and Out-group Formal and Informal Group
- 14. PRIMARY GROUP • Pre-existing formations are given to the individual -e.g.. family, caste, religion • Face-to-face interaction • Share warm emotional bonds • Central to individual’s functioning SECONDARY GROUP • Individual joins by chance -e.g.. Political party • Relationships are more impersonal, indirect & less frequent • It is easy to leave & join another group
- 15. INGROUP • one’s own group • Refer using ‘WE’ • Supposed to be similar OUTGROUP • Another group • Refer using ‘THEY’ • Viewed differently
- 16. • Formal groups are created and maintained to fulfil needs or tasks which are related to the total organisation mission. Thus these are consciously and deliberately created. Such groups may be either permanent in the form of top management team such as board of directors or management committees etc. • Informal groups, on the other hand, are created in the organisation because of operation of social and psychological forces operating at the work-place. Members create such groups for their own satisfaction and their working is not regulated by the general framework of organisational rules and regulations.
- 17. Group formation stages Groups are an integral part of modern organizations. They are present everywhere, from the shop floor to the highest levels of management.
- 18. A group passes through five lifecycle stages: FORMING STORMING NORMING PERFORMING ADJOURNING Group forms & situation is uncertain & disorganized Turbulence, disruption, & frustration is at highest level Share vision, values, goals, and expectations; deviations are not welcome Roles are specific, goals are clear, and results are noted Orderly disbanding
- 20. Four different aspects of group structure Norms Roles Status Cohesiv eness
- 21. Group norms • Set of beliefs, feelings, and attitudes commonly shared by group members. These are also referred to as rules or standards of behavior that apply to group members. Norms serve three functions namely Predictive- basis for understanding the behavior of others Relational- some norms define relationships Control- regulate the behavior of others
- 22. Group norms Characteristics Represents characteristics of group Basis for predicting and controlling behavior of others Related to behaviors considered important for their group They are applied to all members.
- 23. Role Various parts played by group members. There are two elements that define this role identity- Role Perception-An individual is expected to behave according to his own perception in the group. Role Expectation-It is defined as how others believe one should behave in a given situation.
- 24. Status Socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others. High status members of the group have more freedom to deviate from the norms. Group norms Status equity culture Group member status
- 25. Group Cohesiveness COHESION SOCIAL TASK The bonds of interpersonal attraction that link group members The way in which skills and abilities of the group members mesh to allow optimal performance
- 26. Results Did your group act like this… … Or like this? Groups with High Cohesiveness Get Better Results!
- 28. It is the process of working or acting together to achieve group’s goal. when two or more people have a common goal that they work together to accomplish.
- 29. Struggle of two or more persons for the same object which is so limited that cannot be shared.
- 31. SOCIAL FACILITATION SOCIAL LOAFING GROUP POLARISATION
- 32. • Performance on specific tasks is influenced by the mere presence of others. Dominant response is most likely to happen. Happens due to increase in arousal. SOCIAL FACILITATION Help Hinder HAPPENS ONLY WHEN ONE’S EFFORTS ARE EVALUATED
- 33. Perform task in presence of audience Do not know the task well Know the task well Performance Improves Performance Declines
- 34. • Individuals perform less hard in a group than they do when performing alone. • It is reduction in individual effort when working on a collective task i.e., one in which outputs are pooled with those of other group members. SOCIAL LOAFING GROUPS WITH SOCIAL LOAFING Less Productive Perform poorly
- 35. HOW TO REDUCE SOCIAL LOAFING Identify efforts of each person make group members committed Strengthen group cohesiveness Increase importance or value of a task Increase pressure to work hard By Giving Individual Grade FA B Making performance of each person essential for success
- 36. GROUP POLARISATION The strengthening of the group’s initial position as a result of group interaction & discussion . Groups are more likely to take extreme decisions than individuals alone. CAUSES OF GROUP POLARISATION GROUP POLARISATION Combinat ion of two Persuasiv e Argumen ts Social Comparis ons