Global warming is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutants in the atmosphere from human activities like burning fossil fuels. Burning coal for electricity accounts for over 90% of carbon dioxide emissions from the electric utility industry in the US. Increased usage of nitrogen-rich fertilizers on croplands also contributes to global warming by trapping more heat than carbon dioxide alone. As a result of global warming, temperatures have risen 4-7 degrees Fahrenheit in Arctic regions over the past 50 years, glaciers and ice sheets are melting, sea levels have risen by 1.5-2 mm per year, and Arctic species like polar bears are threatened with extinction.