The document defines formative assessment as a deliberate process used by teachers and students during instruction to provide feedback and adjust teaching and learning strategies. It describes the formative assessment process as having four steps: clarify the intended learning, elicit evidence of student learning, interpret the evidence, and act on it to adjust instruction. The document provides examples of formative assessment activities and discusses research supporting its benefits, such as doubling student learning speed. It introduces the Smarter Balanced Assessment System and its digital library of instructional and professional development resources aligned with common standards and the formative process.