Forms of human settelments
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The document discusses the definitions and types of human settlements, which can be categorized as rural or urban. Rural settlements are characterized by primary activities like farming and fishing, while urban settlements involve secondary and tertiary industries such as manufacturing and tourism. The document also explores settlement hierarchies, site selection factors, and the differences between rural and urban lifestyles, including amenities and community structures.
Forms of human settelments
- 1. MRIIRS FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN Ar. SIMRAN VATS Assistant Professor FORMS OF SETTELMENTS
- 2. SETTLEMENTS A SETTLEMENT IS A PLACE WHERE PEOPLE LIVE. A SETTLEMENT MAY BE AS SMALL AS A SINGLE HOUSE IN A REMOTE AREA OR AS LARGE AS A MEGA CITY. A SETTLEMENT MAY ALSO BE PERMANENT OR TEMPORARY (REFUGEE CAMP). AND A TEMPORARY SETTLEMENT MAY BECOME PERMANENT OVER TIME. A SETTLEMENT SITE AND SITUATION: The piece of land upon a settlement is built is the settlement site. There are many reasons why a site might be chosen for the development of a settlement and some factors will be more important than others. Also, the
- 4. SETTLEMENT SITE AND SITUATION: The situation of a settlement is its position in relation to the surrounding and physical features, many of which will have an impact on the settlement’s type, size and function. -However, the importance of many of the factors explained before diminish over time as technological advances enable people to overcome difficulties. -For example, a modern settlement does not need to be close to a river because drinking water is now piped to our homes and waterways are no longer important for transport.
- 5. SETTLEMENT HIERARCHIES: -If we group and classify a number of settlements according to their size and shape the result is settlement hierarchy. -As you move up the hierarchy, the size of the settlement and the distance between similar sized settlements increases. -The number of services that a settlement provides increases with the settlement size.
- 7. FORMS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS: Settlements can broadly be divided into two types – Rural and Urban. Rural settlements: It is a sparsely populated place, like a village, with few built-up areas where the inhabitants are engaged in primary activities such as farming, fishing and mining.
- 9. Characteristics of rural settlements: Dominant Functions: – mainly primary activities ( example: farming, mining and lumbering) Amenities: – few amenities, poor accessibility – gets water from rivers and wells – may not have schools and clinics – travel long hours to get to nearest amenities in town or city – footpaths, unpaved and narrow roads used to move around.
- 10. Way of life: In LDCs (least developed countries): – simple way of life, slower pace of life – less traffic, less pollution – open interaction between people in the same community ( eg, children play in an open space in a rural settlement in china) – family unit tend to be closely knit and community activities throughout the year draw people together In DCs ( Developed countries): – higher standards of living – greater access to amenities and services ( eg, healthcare, education).
- 11. Types of Rural Settlements: Geographers have suggested various schemes of classification. If we group settlements found all over the country, these can broadly be grouped under four categories: Compact/clustered/nucleated settlement Semi-compact/Semi-clustered/fragmented settlement Hamleted settlement Dispersed settlement.
- 13. Urban settlements: Its is a densely populated area, like a town or city, where the inhabitants are engaged in secondary industry such as manufacturing and tertiary industry such as tourism.
- 14. FORMS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS 1.Compact, clustered & nucleated Settlements : A rural settlement where a number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings. A clustered rural settlement typically includes homes, barns , tool sheds, and other farm structures along with religious and school structures. Each person that lives on a clustered rural settlement is allocated strips of land in the surrounding fields. The strips of land are allocated differently, some people own or rent the land. When the population of a settlement grows too large for the capacity of the surrounding fields, new settlements are established nearby. Homes, public buildings, and fields in a clustered rural settlement are arranged according to local cultural and physical characteristics. Clustered rural settlements are often arranged in one of two types of patterns: circular
- 15. Radial pattern settlements : In this type, a number of streets converge on one centre which may be a source of water (pond, well), a temple or mosque, a centre of commercial activity or simply an open space.Thus, the streets seem to be radiating from a common centre. Examples are settlements near Gurushikar, Mount Abu in Rajasthan, Vindhyachal in Uttar Pradesh, etc. Circular pattern settlements : -The circular form consists of a central open space surrounded by structures. T his model has a center with homes, barns, schools, and churches and as you move away from the center, it is surrounded by farmland. -Small garden plots were located in the first ring surrounding the village, with cultivated land, pastures and woodlands in successive rings. -They resemble model as they are circular and have a center focal point.
- 16. 2.Semi-compact/Semi-clustered/fragmented settlement -In this type of settlement the built-up area is less compact as compared to the clustered settlement. -It may result from segregation or fragmentation of a large compact village. -Some sections of a village society choose or is forced to live a little away from the main cluster or village. -The land-owning and dominant community occupies the central part of the main village, whereas people of lower status of settle on the outer flanks of the village. Such settlements are found in Gujarat plain and parts of Rajasthan. -It is also called hamleted clustered or quasi-compact rural settlement. In this type besides the main human settlement, one or more satellite settlements (wadi, wasti) are found,which linked with the footpath may be metalled or unmetlled road. -It may be called fragmented or hamlated rural settlement. This type of settlement has number of hamlets and therefore, no recognizable central site and is
- 17. Nucleated settlements are towns where buildings are close together, often clustered around a central point. The location of a nucleated settlement can be determined by a range of factors, including being easy to defend, close to a water supply or located at a route centre.
- 18. Rural and urban settlements When people inhabit a specific area, this area is called a “settlement.” (asentamiento) Differences between rural and urban settlements: -The number and concentration of inhabitants -The economic activity of the inhabitants -The territorial extension and its landscape -The shape and size of streets and buildings -The public services offered to inhabitants.
- 19. settlements Dominant functions: – residential, towns & cities, commercial and industrial – some towns may concentrate on industries, tourism or administration Amenities( in Singapore): – safe drinking water form taps – ready supply of electricity and gas – many towns served by trains ( eg, MRT & LRT) – community centres, town halls, schools and hospitals provided Way of life: – people lead a fast pace of life – homes well-furnished with basic necessities – amenities such as restaurants and recreational centres established to cater to growing demands of people in urban areas. Types of towns according to its shape There are three types of towns; -Street town: All the houses are situated along both sides of a road. -Concentrate: All the houses are situated along one building. E.g: City Hall, Church
- 21. Types of towns according to its economic activity There are three types: -Agricultural or fishing town: The majority of the population works in the agriculture of fishing. -“Agrociudad”: When the majority of the population works in agriculture but the town is similar to a city: Stop lights, buildings, services. -Residential town: Its a continuation of the urban environment in rural space.
- 22. Urban settlements -Is the result of the concentration of the population in cities. -50% of the Earth’s population lives in cities. -This varies according to the continents. In Europe and America the number is over 75%, meanwhile in Africa and Asia is lower than 45%. -This settlements have a population of more than 10.000 inhabitants. The characteristics of urban settlements are: The predominant economic activity According to their function According to their landscape
- 23. Economic activity and city functions Cities are classified according to their functions or main economic activity: -Residential function -Commercial function -Industrial function -Political function -Cultural function -Religious function Urban structure A city is classified according to the structure or zones in which it is divided. These are: Historic center: Is the zone of the city that developed the city’s origin until the XIX century. It occupies a small, but important part of the city, because of its cultural, historic and artistic value. Urban expansion area: Is the part of the city that developed after the XIX century. It mostly consists of houses for the workers of the new industries. Periphery: Because of the enormous growth of Spanish cities in the 1960’s, citizens started to settle outside of the city. It refers to the area surrounding the main transport routes.
- 28. FORTIFIED STAR
- 29. COPENHAGEN CITY
- 30. MOSCOW CITY
- 31. DANMARK PARIS
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