foundation of computing module1 power point
- 1. FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTING: FROM HARDWARE ESSENTIALS TO WEB DESIGN
- 3. What is a Motherboard? ● The motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer, connecting and enabling communication between all the essential components of the system. ● Acts as the backbone of the computer, distributing power and allowing hardware components to communicate. 9
- 5. Back Panel Ports Ports for connecting the computer to external devices such as display ports, audio ports, USB ports, Ethernet ports, PS/2 ports etc. 5
- 6. Back Panel Connectors & Ports VGA Cable ● Also known as D-sub cable, analog video cable ● Connect one end to: computer monitor, television (PC input port) ● Connect other end to: VGA port on processor ● 640x480px resolution ● Analog signals 6
- 7. Back Panel Connectors & Ports DVI Port & Connector ● DVI is a video interface used to connect monitors, projectors, and other display devices to a computer. It supports both analog and digital video signals over a single connector) ● 1920x1200px 7
- 8. Back Panel Connectors & Ports HDMI Port & Connector ● An HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) port on a PC allows you to connect audio and video devices to your computer using a single cable. ● You can use HDMI to connect your PC to a TV, monitor, or projector. 8
- 9. Back Panel Connectors & Ports PS/2 port ● The PS/2 port is a 6-pin mini-DIN connector used for connecting keyboards and mouse to a PC (Electric connector) ● Its name comes from the IBM Personal System/2 series of personal computers, with which it was introduced in 1987 ○ Purple PS/2 port: keyboard ○ Green PS/2 port: mouse 9
- 10. Back Panel Connectors & Ports Ethernet port ● Ethernet ports can also be referred to as sockets or jacks. ● The main function of an ethernet port is to create an ethernet connection. ● Ethernet connections can be created between computers, servers, switches, hubs, routers, modems, gaming consoles, printers and much more. 10
- 11. 17 Back Panel Connectors & Ports 3.5 m m Audio Port ● Connect one end to: computer speakers, 3.5mm headphones, 3.5mm microphone ● Connect other end to: audio ports on computer ○ Green audio port: computer speakers or headphones ○ Pink audio port: microphone ○ Blue audio port: MP3 player, CD player, DVD player, turntable, electric guitar devices)
- 12. Back Panel Connectors & Ports USB Port ● USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a widely used technology for connecting devices to computers. ● It is commonly used for transferring data between computers and other peripherals such as printers, external hard drives, keyboards, and more. ○ USB 2.0 ports have black tips ○ USB 3.0 ports have blue tips. 12
- 13. PCI Slots ● PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect ● Slot for older expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards, connector cards. ● Have been largely replaced by PCI-Express x1 slots 13
- 14. PCI Express x1 Slots ● Slot for modern expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth), connector cards (USB) and certain low-end graphics cards. 14
- 15. PCI Express x16 Slot ● Slot for discrete graphic cards and high bandwidth devices such as top-end solid state drives.. 15
- 16. Northbridge Chipset ● The northbridge is a chip that is part of a computer's motherboard, and it plays a crucial role in connecting the processor, memory, and high-speed peripherals. ● The northbridge acts as a communication hub between the processor and other components of the computer system, including the memory, graphics card, and some peripheral devices. 16
- 17. Southbridge Chipset ● The southbridge's main purpose is to handle the input/output (I/O) functions of the computer. ● It acts as a bridge between the central processing unit (CPU) and other peripheral devices, facilitating communication and data transfer. 17
- 18. CPU Socket ● A CPU socket, also known as a CPU slot, is a physical connection between a computer's central processing unit (CPU) and its motherboard. ● It allows the CPU to be installed or replaced without soldering. 18
- 19. IDE Connector ● Integrated Drive Electronics ● Connects to older hard drive disks and optical drives for data transfer. ● Have been replaced over by SATA connectors 19
- 20. SATA Connectors ● SATA (Serial ATA) is a computer interface standard that allows for the transfer of data between storage devices, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and optical drives, and a computer's motherboard. ● Connects to modern hard disk drives, solid state drives and optical drives for data transfer. 20
- 21. RAM Slots ● RAM slots are physical connectors on a computer's motherboard that hold Random Access Memory (RAM) modules. ● Typically, motherboards have a total of 4 RAM slots. ● Some high-end motherboards may contain as many as eight slots, and in supercomputers, there may be multiple motherboards per system, up to 32 slots total. 21
- 22. RAM Slots ● A CMOS (Complementary Metal- Oxide- Semiconductor) battery is a small, coin- shaped battery found on a computer's motherboard. ● It provides power to the CMOS chip, which stores important system information such as the date, time, and hardware settings in the CMOS memory. 22
- 23. Power Connector ● A motherboard's power connector is a cable that supplies power to the motherboard's circuits. ● The main power connector is the ATX 24-pin connector, which connects to the power supply unit (PSU). 23
- 24. Types of Motherboards ● AT Motherboard (Advanced Technology Motherboard) ○ The AT motherboard was one of the earliest types used in computers during the 1980s and 1990s. ○ Form Factor: Large in size, typically 12 inches x 13.8 inches, requiring large cases. ○ Power Connector: Used a 12-pin connector, which is now outdated. ○ Limitations: ■ Bulky size made it difficult to install and upgrade. ■ Lack of proper power management. ■ Not compatible with modern computer systems. 24
- 25. Types of Motherboards ● ATX Motherboard (Advanced Technology Extended) ○ Introduced by Intel in the mid-1990s, the ATX motherboard became the standard for personal computers. ○ Form Factor: Available in a range of sizes, the full ATX board typically measures 12 inches x 9.6 inches. ○ Features: ■ Efficient layout with components easily accessible. ■ Battery enabled power connectors (20/24-pin). ■ Supports high-performance CPUs and RAM. ○ Use Cases: Widely used in desktops, workstations, and gaming PCs. 25
- 26. Types of Motherboards ● Micro-ATX Motherboard ○ A smaller version of the ATX motherboard, designed for compact cases. ○ Form Factor: Measures 9.6 inches x 9.6 inches. ○ Features: ■ Fewer expansion slots compared to ATX. ■ Compatible with most ATX cases. ■ Suitable for mid-range computers with moderate expansion needs. ○ Use Cases: Home PCs, budget gaming systems, and office computers. 26
- 27. Types of Motherboards ● Mini-ITX Motherboard ● The Mini-ITX motherboard is a compact form factor designed for space-saving devices. ● Form Factor: Measures 6.7 inches x 6.7 inches. ● Features: ○ Limited to one PCI slot. ○ Low power consumption. ○ Supports smaller cases and quieter systems. ● Use Cases: HTPCs (Home Theater PCs), small form factor (SFF) builds, and low-power applications. 27
- 28. Types of Motherboards ● E-ATX Motherboard (Extended ATX)Description: ● A larger version of the ATX motherboard, designed for high- performance systems. ● Form Factor: Measures 12 inches x 13 inches. ● Features: ○ More expansion slots and ports than standard ATX. ○ Supports extensive cooling solutions. ○ Ideal for high-end CPUs. ● Use Cases: High-performance gaming rigs, workstations, and servers. 28
- 29. Types of Motherboards ● BTX Motherboard (Balanced Technology Extended) ● Designed as an alternative to ATX, the BTX motherboard aimed to improve thermal performance and layout efficiency. ● Form Factor: Slightly different from ATX, with a focus on airflow and cooling. ● Features: ○ Better airflow for CPU cooling. ○ Rearranged components for efficiency. ● Limitations: It was not widely adopted and is now largely discontinued. 29