FRAMES OF REFERENCE BSC I 2018
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The document discusses frames of reference in physics. It defines a frame of reference as the perspective from which the position or motion of an object is described. Frames of reference are either inertial or non-inertial. Inertial frames are where Newton's laws hold true - an object either remains at rest or in motion with constant velocity unless acted on by an external force. Non-inertial frames include accelerated or rotating frames where Newton's laws do not apply, such as reference frames on the surface of the rotating Earth.
FRAMES OF REFERENCE BSC I 2018
- 1. CLASS-BSC(CS)1ST YEAR PHYSICS SUBMMITTED BY SUBMMITTED TO SHIVANI AGRAWAL GYAN RAO DHOTE SIR
- 2. FRAMES OF REFERENCE The frame relative to which the position or the motion of a body is specified is called the frame of reference. The position of other objects is specified relative to the frame of reference being assumed to be connected with a rigid body. For this, a convenient point is chosen as the position vector of the body from the origin. Generally, the observer is considered to be coinciding with the origin. The frame of reference are of two kinds: 1) Inertial frames of reference. 2)Non-inertial frames of reference.
- 3. INERTIAL FRAMES OF REFERENCE The frames of reference in which the Newton’s law holds, are called the inertial frames. According to Newton’s law, a body not acted upon by any external force, has an uncelebrated motion. In other words, if the body is at rest, it remains at rest, but if it is in motion, it remains moving with the same speed in the same direction unless an external force is applied. Example: If no external force acts on a body, its acceleration remains zero.
- 7. Inertial frame of reference Mathematically, if F = o in an inertial frame a=0 OR
- 8. An observer in each inertial frame has the same description of physical events. In other words the frame S and S’ are said to be inertial only if the acceleration of a body measured by the observers in both frames is same. Consider two frames S and S’ either stationary relative to each other or moving with a constant velocity relative to each other. A body which is stationary to an observer in a frame S, will either appear to be stationary or will appear to be moving with a constant velocity to an observer in the frame S’ also. Ex; the force acting on the body for the observers of both the frames will be zero.
- 9. sSimilarly, if a body is moving with some acceleration relative to the observer in the frame S, the body will have the same acceleration relative to the observer in the frame S’. Thus, all those frames of reference which are either stationary relative to each other or are in uniform motion are called the inertial frames provided that one of these frames is inertial.
- 10. NON-INERTIAL FRAMES OF REFERENCE The frames of reference in which Newton’s laws are not valid, are called the non-inertial frames. All the accelerated and rotating frames are non- inertial. Since our earth rotates around its own axis, it is a non- inertial frames.