Free and Open Source GIS
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This document discusses open source GIS software. It describes Jachym Cepicky and his involvement with GRASS GIS and PyWPS. It also provides an overview of key topics in open source GIS including common data formats (raster and vector), standards for data transfer including OGC web services, and desktop and server-based open source GIS software like QGIS and GRASS GIS.
Free and Open Source GIS
- 1. FOSS GIS Open Source Software for Geographic information stystem (GIS) Jachym Cepicky • Help Service - Remote Sensing • http://bnhelp.cz Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 2. FOSS GIS • Help Service - Remote Sensing s.r.o. • Member of GRASS GIS http://grass.osge.org development team • Founder and developer of PyWPS http://pywps.wald.intevation.org Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 3. FOSS GIS GIS - "Maps in the computer" GIS is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data. Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 4. FOSS GIS Standards and formats of geo-data nad data transfare Two types of geodata representation is used raster a vector Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 5. FOSS GIS Raster suitable for description of data with continuous change (digital elevation model, temperatures, ...) - data without clear borders JPEG, GeoTIFF (TIFF, PNG, GIF, MrSid, ...), databases (Oracle-spatial, PostGIS, ...) Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 6. FOSS GIS Vector suitable for descriptio of discrete types of data (streets, parcels, sensors, ...) ESRI Shapefile, GML, KML, GPX, ..., databases (Oracle-spatial, PostGIS, Spatial-lite, couch-db, ...) Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 7. FOSS GIS Standards for data transfer • Geodata do usually have big volumes (n*GB) (example aerial photos digital elevation model, cadaster data, ...), but small volumes as well (GPS track in GPX). • Data can be often updated data (sensor position - car tracking) or sometimes updated (aerial photos). • For their transfer, media with large capacity must be used (no problem nowadays). • Widely accepted standards for data transfer across computer networks (internet) are defined: OGC Open Web Services Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 8. FOSS GIS Open Geospatial Consortium • OGC: http://opengeospatial.org • Open standards for GIS • Payed mambership • OGC Open Web Services (OWS) Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 9. FOSS GIS OGC Open Web Services Task: Transfer data from the server to the client Client: Web browser, desktop program, mobile device, robot, ... Types of geodata • Raster • Vector • Image • ... Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 10. FOSS GIS All standards do share • They are XML-based • GetCapabilites request - returns back document with service metadata description Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 11. FOSS GIS OGC Web Map Service With help of OGC WMS, server and client will "agree" on image - the map - which client wants to get and server is able to provide. Some request parameters: Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 12. FOSS GIS • service - WMS • request - GetMap • version - 1.3.0 • layers - forest,traffic • bbox - 49,15,51,17 • crs - EPSG:4326 • width - 800 • height - 600 • format - image/png http://gis.bnhelp.cz/ows/crtopo?service=wms&request=getmap&versi In this case (WMS), no geodata are returned back - just their "picture". Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 13. FOSS GIS OGC Web Feature Service With help of OGC WFS standard, raw vector data in defined encoding are returned back. There is also WFS-T variant, which enables direct data manipulation on the server (vector data editing). • service - WFS • request - GetFeature • typename - NUTS1 • version - 1.1.0 http://gis.bnhelp.cz/ows/crwfs?service=wfs&request=getfeature&type Server returns back real data Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 14. FOSS GIS OGC Web Coverage Service With help of OGC WCS raster geodata are transfered - aerial photos, digital elevation model, multi-band satelite images, ... • service - WCS • version - 1.0.0 • request - getcoverage • coverage - OMAERUVd:FinalAerosolAbsOpticalDepth500 • crs - epsg:4326 • bbox - 14,49,17,51 • heigh - 600 • width - 800 Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 15. FOSS GIS http://acdisc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/daac-bin/wcsL3?service=WCS&version= Server sends back to the client real raster data Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 16. FOSS GIS OGC OWS Conclusion • http://opengeospatial.org/standards • OGC WMS - maps • OGC WCS - rasters • OGC WFS - vectors • OGC WPS - processes, calculations • OGC SOS - sensors • OGC CS-W - metadata • GML, KML, • SLD • Simple Feature • ... Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 17. FOSS GIS Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community - INSPIRE • INSPIRE (INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe) • http://inspire.gov.cz/ • EU Comission initiative, directive 2007/2/EC • Build common European spatial data infrastracture Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 18. FOSS GIS • Geodata harmonisation • Coordinate reference systems • Cadaster maps • Thematic data (geology, land planning, pedology, ...) • Building of national geoportals, which will work as central point of data search across all state institutions and communication point to the European geoportal. • Metadata Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 19. FOSS GIS Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 20. FOSS GIS Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 21. FOSS GIS • INSPIRE builds on top of OGC standards • Download Service - WCS, WFS • View Service - WMS • Transformation Service • Discovery - CS-W Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 22. FOSS GIS What does it mean to Open Source? • Using Open Source programs, we have to make sure, they are supporting OGC Standards. • We have to make also sure, INSPIRE directive can be done with help of those tools Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 23. FOSS GIS GIS on the desktop: Data, analysis, cartography • Programs are running on user's desktop • Usually, they have some analytical modules with algorithms for complex data analysis: Weather modelling, flood wave spread, digital elevation model interpolation, isolines derivation, shortest path calculations, ... • Data and GIS it self are on the same computer Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 24. FOSS GIS QGIS Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 25. FOSS GIS • http://qgis.org • geodata viewer + some analytical functions (also GUI to GRASS GIS) • Windows, Linux (UNIX), MacOS • Usage of QGIS in public administration: http://qgis.org/en/community/qgis-case-studies.html • QGIS in the governmental FOSSGIS stack of the Canton of Solothurn in Switzerland • QGIS - an interesting instrument for forestry planning concepts at local and regional level in Switzerland • QGIS and GRASS in Local Government Bushfire Hazard Mapping Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 26. FOSS GIS • Using a free GIS at Jaime Moniz Secondary School: Quantum GIS • The use of QGIS in the Geodata Infrastructure of the City of Uster • City Munich Open Source software transfer - used QGIS Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 27. FOSS GIS Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 28. FOSS GIS GRASS GIS Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 29. FOSS GIS Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 30. FOSS GIS Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 31. FOSS GIS • http://grass.osgeo.org • Since 1982, US Army, Cerl • Heavy analytical tool • GUI build on top of command line interface • Windows, Linux, MacOS • Special features : 3D rasters, 3D vectors, time • Great possibility of process automatization - scripting with various languages (Python) Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 32. FOSS GIS Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 33. FOSS GIS Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 34. FOSS GIS OpenJUMP, gvSIG, uDig OpenJUMP • Java • Geodata viewer • http://openjump.org gvSIG • Founded by Spanish government • Geodata viewer • http://gvsig.org uDig Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 35. FOSS GIS • Build on top of GeoTools - Java • Geodata viewer • http://udig.refractions.net/ Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 36. FOSS GIS Libraries GDAL http://gdal.org Transformation between various vector and raster data formats Proj4 http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/ Coordinates transformation between various coordinate reference systems R http://r-project.org Statistical software ... Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 37. FOSS GIS GIS on the server: Mapping services, data services Server programs for data analysis and creation of map images. They also serve geodata requested by the client. PostGIS • PostgreSQL extension • Deals with data (rasters, vectors) stored in database (not in files). • Analytical functions • http://postgis.org/ Spatial-lite, CouchDB, ... • No-SQL database Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 38. FOSS GIS MapServer • http://mapserver.org • Originally developed with NASA • Advanced cartographic output • Still the fastest mapping server (FOSS4G-Denver 2011) • Most used OS GIS software v Czech (COSMC, FMI, Liberec region, NP Šumava, ...) GeoServer • Java • http://geoserver.org • Popular server implementing OGC standards • Most used in "java world" Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 39. FOSS GIS DeeGree • java • http://deegree.org • Popular in Germany (Bonn) • Implementing OGC Standards Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 40. FOSS GIS GIS on the web: mapping applications, geoportals • Web browser: platform for work with geodata • The platform is not quite ideal: • Data size • Data formats • Depending on the users computer (size of RAM, processor speed, ...) • Various support of web standards (HTML (5), JavaScript, CSS, ...) Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 41. FOSS GIS • Web formats of raster data: PNG, JPEG, GIF vs. GeoTiff • Vector data: XML, Text vs. ESRI Shapefile (binary, 3 files) • Capabilities of displaying vector data: SVG (standard), VML Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 42. FOSS GIS OpenLayers • JavaScript library for building of map applications • Supports various raster (WMS, Tiles, ESRI, Google, Yahoo, ...) • and vector (GML, WFS, GPX, KML, Text, ...) data formats • Transformation of data between coordinate reference systems • Ready for devices with touch screen • http://openlayers.org Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 43. FOSS GIS Projects building on top of OpenLayers • GeoExt http://geoext.org • HSLayers http://hslayers.org Examples of OpenLayers usage: Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 44. FOSS GIS • ČUZK • National INSPIRE Geoportal • EU INSPIRE Geoportál • ... Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 45. FOSS GIS HSLayers • http://hslayers.org • OpenLayers (http://openlayers.org) + ExtJS (http://sencha.org) • JavaScript library building of web mapping applications • INSPIRE • Czech national INSPIRE Geoportal Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 46. FOSS GIS Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 47. FOSS GIS Leaflet • http://leaflet.cloudmade.com/ • Light JavaScript library (compared to OpenLayers) • Supports smaller amount of data formats • Supports only "google" (mercator) coordinate reference system Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 48. FOSS GIS Data for GIS • Open data standards • Free available data • OpenStreetMap http://openstreetmap.org • Many project are going from closed source solution to open source: Google -> OpenStreetMap (Apple, Foursquare, ...) - what about OSEPA? Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 49. FOSS GIS Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 50. FOSS GIS FOSS4G-CEE • Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial in Central and East Europe • Prague, 21.5. - 23.5. • http://foss4g-cee.org • Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 51. FOSS GIS Conclusion • Open Source Geospatial software is already used in public administration • There are old mature projects, supporting latest standards • It does implement standards faster then closed-source tools (thanks to (among others) faster release process) • Development is founded by private companies or public administration (QGIS, MapServer, GRASS GIS) Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz
- 52. FOSS GIS Thank you jachym@hsrs.cz http://bnhelp.cz Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz