Freud notes
- 1. Sigmund Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939), Founder of psychoanalysis and one of the most famous psychologists
- 2. Unconscious motives and internal conflicts determine our behavior (our mind split into 3 psychological structures): Id: Basic drives like hunger (think of a 2 year old…”I want it now!!! Id is the kid) Present at birth Ego: Stands for “reason and good sense” and tries to satisfy the id. “I’m hungry but I can’t get a sandwich out of the trash.” Superego: Acts as the conscience/moral sense and floods ego with guilt if we think/do something defined as wrong (“Super”ego is “super” moral)
- 3. Conflicts between id, ego, and superego lead to anxiety/stress, so we deal with this with: Denial (most common) Refusing to accept realities of a situation (not an addict, sick, etc.) Displacement (common) Taking out anger on a person who didn’t cause it (mad at coach, yell at sibling). Projection- Taboo urges are seen in others; not in self (you want to steal but decide not to, but then you notice others do it).
- 4. Rationalization-Making logical excuses for illogical behavior (I got fired because boss is sexist; not because of the fact that I stole). Reaction formation: Compensate for unacceptable impulses by displaying the TOTAL OPPOSITE in great excess (boy likes girl, afraid of being judged, treats her mean). Regression-Reverting to childlike behavior to get attention you got when you were young (adult acting like teen, child when sister is born).
- 5. Sublimation- the process of transforming libido into "socially useful" achievements Repression-Unconsciously forgetting information that is too painful to recall (child abuse or attack).
- 6. Freud believed the sex drive was most motivating force (humans strive for pleasure from birth—infants with sucking, toddler & using restroom, child & pleasure with genitals, adults & intercourse)
- 7. Oral stage: Birth-18 months. Sucking & biting are favorite activities. Anal stage: 18 months-4 years. Focus of pleasure is using restroom (hold in, let go). Phallic stage: 4ish-7. Focus is genitalia. Touching self might occur during this stage. Latent stage: 7ish-12ish-Sexual impulses are suppressed. Genital stage: Puberty–Resurgence of sex drive
- 8. Phallic: Fixation & possible narcissistic personality (boys). Implied that women never progress past this & maintain sense of inferiority. Oedipus/Electra Complexes occur in phallic stage (subconscious desire to have sex with parent of opposite sex & kill parent of same sex). Penis envy….girls are jealous of men & scarred (may blame mom). Freudian slips-Stem from unconscious
- 9. Oral: Could result in oral fixation (smoking, chewing pens, nail biting, thumb sucking, excessive gum chewing, overeating or drinking….attempt to fill emotional emptiness inside). Anal: Explosiveness-Very sloppy & non- conforming. *Retentive-Obsessively clean & orderly