From closed to open access: A case study of flipped journals
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This document presents a case study of journals that have flipped from closed access to open access publishing models. The study analyzed 171 journals that made this transition. It found that while the average journal impact factor initially increased after flipping, the average relative citation of individual articles decreased, consistent with other research. It also found these flipped journals tended to publish fewer articles after the transition. The study aims to better understand how bibliometric indicators of flipped journals change and how quality may influence these effects. Future work will include interviews and examine effects by journal quality.
![Dataset
• “Journals that converted from TA to OA“ at
Simmons [1]
• 171 journals could be matched with names
and ISSNs to WoS [2]
• We classified our dataset of journals into
the six major domains of the Science
Metrix classification system
8
[1] http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/Journals_that_converted_from_TA_to_OA
[2] https://github.com/momenifi/OASE](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/issi2019-flipping-journalsmayr-190903223353/85/From-closed-to-open-access-A-case-study-of-flipped-journals-8-320.jpg)
From closed to open access: A case study of flipped journals
- 1. From closed to open access: A case study of flipped journals Fakhri Momeni, Nicholas Fraser, Isabella Peters, Philipp Mayr GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences 17th ISSI Conference in Rome, Italy 3rd September 2019
- 2. Recent development • Editorial Board of Journal of Informetrics resigned and started a new journal Gold OA journal Quantitative Science Studies (QSS) 2 https://www.cwts.nl/news?article=n-r2v294
- 3. Introduction • Increased stakeholder pressure to transition research to Open Access (OA) has led to many journals ‘flipping’ from a toll access to an open access publishing model • Changing the publishing model can influence the decision of authors to submit their papers to a journal, and increased article accessibility may influence citation behaviour • Here, we assess the effect of the journals flipping to OA by studying the changes in the number of published articles, as well as changes in citation metrics at the article (average relative 3
- 4. What is a flipped journal? • A journal transitioning from a subscription- based (or closed access (CA)) to an open access (OA) publishing model 4 The journal „Abstract and Applied Analysis“ converted/ flipped 2006 to Gold OA https://www.hindawi.com/journals/aaa /
- 5. What is a flipped journal? • There are also cases of “reverse-flipped” journals • But we just consider CA -> OA flipped journals 5
- 6. Contribution • RQ: Can we see typical effects after flipping? • The aim of this paper is to show changes in the number of published articles and citations after the flipping of a journal. 6
- 7. Method • We analysed a set of 171 journals in the Web of Science (WoS) which flipped to open access. • Analysis respectively, as bibliometric indicators at the article and journal level, to trace the transformation of flipped journals – the number of articles, – average relative citation (ARC) – Field-normalized impact factor (IF). 7
- 8. Dataset • “Journals that converted from TA to OA“ at Simmons [1] • 171 journals could be matched with names and ISSNs to WoS [2] • We classified our dataset of journals into the six major domains of the Science Metrix classification system 8 [1] http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/Journals_that_converted_from_TA_to_OA [2] https://github.com/momenifi/OASE
- 9. Results 9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Numberofflippedjournals Year Figure 1. Distribution of flipping years for 171 WoS journals Journal conversions carried out 2006 by Hindawi and Spanish National Research Council
- 10. Results 10 114 136 143 142 139 132 139 136 138 0 50 100 150 200 250 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 year=2006, n=16 year=2009, n=7 year=2010, n=7 year=2011, n=8 year=2012, n=9 all years, n=58 averagenumberofarticlesperjournals • Excluding the journals that have at least one year with zero published articles and flipped after 2012, we obtain a dataset of 58 journals. Yearly average number of articles for flipped journals four years before and after flipping (n=number of journals and year is the flipping time). Year of flipping
- 11. Results 11 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 ARC Average normalized IF Comparing the ARC of articles and average normalized IF of 43 flipped journals before and after flipping. • Decrease in ARC after flipping • Slightly higher IFs after flipping
- 12. Results 12 Comparing flipped journa with CA journals in the same field • flipped journals show more strongly fluctuating long-term trends of ARC and IF • for Health Sciences (A and B) we see an improvement in ARC and IF after flipping • Applied Sciences (C and D) shows no long-term advantage
- 13. Limitations • Relatively few flipped journals • Not all journals in the Simmons list could be matched in WoS • Comparison with CA journals: limited numbers of flipped journals across our samples 13
- 14. Conclusions • Our results show that whilst IF increases in the years immediately following flipping, the article-level ARC decreases – In line with results found by Piwowar et al. (2018) and Archambault et al. (2014) that gold OA articles are cited less than CA articles. • We also observe that a lower number of articles are published after flipping, pointing to a lower tendency amongst authors to submit to OA journals. • We will also study in more detail the so-called “quality effect”, which assumes that high quality publications profit proportionally more from OA, as they are more citable than low-quality publications – The question we seek to answer is whether journals with high IFs benefit significantly more from flipping to OA than journals with medium or low IFs. 14
- 15. Future Work • Our bibliometric study will be complemented with more qualitative information from interviews with authors, editors, and publishers to reveal their attitudes towards journal flipping and OA, • With this we hope to better show such interwoven factors that influence bibliometric indicators of flipped journals. 15
- 16. Thank you Dr Philipp Mayr GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany Team Leader Information & Data Retrieval Email: philipp.mayr@gesis.org Twitter: @philipp_mayr 16 Paper available: https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.11682 https://github.com/momenifi/OASE This work is supported by BMBF project OASE, grant number 01PU17005A. https://www.gesis.org/en/research/external-funding-projects/overview-external-funding-projects/oa