FTTH

Editor's Notes

• #2: A network that supply of bandwidth equivalent to 10~100 mbps per household is possible & functional of QOS available in service aspect and that optical fiber was established up to the household in physical aspect.
• #3: We recognize few changes in the current environment that are affecting attitudes toward FTTH: Telcos are losing broadband customers to CATV (Community Access Tv) Telcos are losing landline customers to cell phones and VoIP New services are becoming available Fiber optic components are getting less expensive New Technology makes FTTH cheaper - comparable in cost to copper solutions, lower in cost per bandwidth and with lower operating expenses.
• #4: Who Wants FTTx? Homeowners: for high speed Internet access and video downloads Home Builders FTTx adds value to their homes FTTx provides a reason to provide structured cabling inside the home These two reasons can add $7,500 to $15,000 to the value of a home! Hardware Providers who want to sell equipment to build the networks and install in the homes as well as structured cabling companies who participate in a market that is about $2500 per home! Service Providers: IPTV, HDTV, video on demand, etc. Those who want to offer video services are most happy with FTTx as nothing provides the same bandwidth!
• #5: FTTH Architectures Home run - fiber from CO to every home, offers the most flexibility but at the highest cost as no electronics are shared. A good solution for small developments or rural connections. Active star - local switch then fiber to every home, highly flexible, but simply moves the electronics closer to the home, saving only a small amount in cabling costs. Think of it as fiber to the curb with the curb to home on fiber too. Passive optical network (PON) - use splitter near customer share fiber to CO. Not only does it share fiber, it shares electronics, using one transmitter at the CO for up to 32 homes, greatly reducing connection costs. Basic PON architectures are widely used because they are usually the least expensive way of implementing FTTH.
• #6: It is important to understand concept as before understanding architecture. We will make foundation stronger before understanding architecture.
• #7: When options such as Twisted pair (Right Hand Thumb Rule, Cross Talk) or Coax based network infrastructure are available choice goes for Optical fiber as O.F. has become the clear choice over copper given its lower installation cost, capable of radiation distortion, superior capacity and well supports Triple play service. Ethernet technology is supported by fiber and matches every characteristics of Lan.
• #8: High Bandwidth: Capable of providing high bandwidth 10mbps & above. Cost Of Deployment: Centralized equipment such as medium, connectors are required to setup which are cheap. Owner Of Network: Owner will be owner of Ethernet technology or person who own the network. Quality Of Service: Ethernet technology has QOS enabled. Administrative Control: Administrative control will be distributed.
• #9: Network should be capable of providing proper Quality Of Service to each type of service ( Voice, Video & Data) In short prioritization is required, so we have to know characteristics for each of the services.
• #10: Controls Broadcast Broadcast creates havoc in big network 3. Within Vlan traffic get switched 4. All vlan’s belong to different subnet 5. Traffic between Vlan’s get routed 6. Switching is faster than routing
• #11: If switch receives a broadcast frame on a port it creates multiple copies of broadcast of broadcast frame and forward it to all other ports. So s/w forwards broadcast received on a port to all other ports. If sender and receiver on same port s/w discard, block or drops the fram. If sender and receiver on different ports s/w will bridge the information only to the relevant port. S/w segments the n/w where as repeated & hub extends the n/w. S/w forward information to relevant port only where as hub / repeater forward information to all ports. Simultaneous communication between multiple communicating pairs connected on different ports. Every port of s/w has its own has its own dedicated bandwidth. S/w is a dedicated bandwidth device. If receiver is not known s/w forwards information to all ports. Every port of switch is member of separate collision domain, so s/w is multi collision domain device. Every port of s/w is a member of same broadcast domain, so s/w is single broadcast domain device.
• #12: Fiber To The Curb: Deployment of a broadband telecommunication system that lays optical fiber from central office to within 1000 feet of a home or business. Fiber To The Node: FTTN is an approach to delivering multimedia services to the home at a much lower cost and uses fiber to a distribution node & then employs DSL over the existing local loop for the final connection to the customer. E.g: ADSL2 OR VDSL2
• #14: A home run architecture uses a direct fiber run from the CO to the customer. Each is a full duplex optical link, making this generally more expensive from the standpoint of fiber and electronics requirements. It is used in some small systems, like gated communities, sometimes with 2 fibers, one digital for Internet and VoIP, the other for analog CATV. Some people refer to this as a P2P or point-to-point network or Active Fiber
• #15: An active star network uses fiber from the central node (CO) to a local active node carrying multiplexed signals to be distributed to all the customers. At the active node, (electronic) switching occurs for each customer and connects to a dedicated optical link to the premises. This may be a more expensive network due to the electronics and powering required, as the node requires uninterruptible local power, or cheaper for small networks that do not need the size or capability of a PON network. Each system needs to be considered carefully in light of all options.
• #16: The passive optical network (PON) uses optical couplers, both wavelength division multiplexers and simpler splitter/combiners, to allow connection of many customers over only one fiber from the CO - like broadcasting TV or radio over air waves. Thus a few fibers can support many customers, typically up to 32 customers on one fiber from the CO to the local splitter. A PON using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) can be used two ways: It can provide every customer with a dedicated wavelength, greatly expanding bandwidth to any one customer, but a a much greater cost. A more popular option is to use WDM to send multiple services, usually voice data and video, as well as upstream signals, over a single fiber, as shown in the slides following. Upstream data from multiple subscribers is time-division multiplexed so each subscriber has a time window to send data back to the system. Some people refer to this as a P2MP or point-to-multipoint network.