Huawei GPON Fundamentals

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. Huawei Confidential
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GPON –Fundamentals
－－ Technical Team from FTTH
Marketing Department

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2
Overview of Optical Access Network
Analysis of GPON Standards
Contents
GPON Key Technologies
GPON Management and Service Provisioning
Basic Concepts of PON
Basic Services over GPON Network

Basic Concepts of PON
This chapter describes the basic concepts and working principle of
PON network. After reading it, you will have a preliminary understanding
on the PON network.
This chapter introduces the basic architecture, upstream and
downstream working principle of the PON network.

What is PON?
Passive Optical Network
OLT
ONU
Optical Line Terminal
Optical Network Unit
Passive Optical
Splitter
PSTN
Internet
CATV
ONU
ONU
 PON is a kind of passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point
architecture;
 PON is short for Passive Optical Network ;
 PON consists of Optical Line Terminal (OLT), Optical Network Unit (ONU) and
Passive Optical Splitter.
Passive Optical
Splitter

Why GPON?
• GPON （ Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks ）
• GPON supports Triple － play service, providing competitive all-service solution.
• GPON supports high-bandwidth transmission to break down the bandwidth
bottleneck of the access over twisted pair cables, so as to satisfy the
requirements of high-bandwidth services, such as IPTV and live TV broadcasts.
• GPON supports the long-reach (up to 20 km) service coverage to overcome the
obstacle of the access technology over twisted pair cables and reduce the
network nodes.
• With complete standards and high technical requirements, GPON supports
integrated services in a good way.
• GPON is the choice of large carriers in the international market.
<1Mbps 3M 8M 25M 100M
ADSL/ADSL2+
Copper Based
VDSL / ADSL2+
Copper Based
PON
Fiber Based
2002 2003 2006 2010
Time
BD
Internet
Video conferencing
Remote control
Access
Technology
Service
requirement
s
VoD
HDTV
Game
Live TV
VoD
HDTV
<3km <2km <1km ~5km
Coverage
diameter

Concepts
APON: ATM Passive Optical Networks
EPON: Ethernet Passive Optical Networks
GE-PON: Giga-bit Ethernet Passive Optical Networks
GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks

GPON Principle----Data Multiplexing
GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-direction
communication over a single fiber.
To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fibre, GPON adopts
two multiplexing mechanism:
– In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
– In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner.
1490nm
1310nm

GPON Principle----Downstream Data
 Broadcast mode

GPON Principle----Upstream Data
 TDMA mode

Ethernet
GEM/ATM
Data encapsulation mode
8B/10B
NRZ
Line encoding
Pure data service
Multi-service/ FTTx
Application mode
Enterprise Intranet
Carriers
Choice of carriers
Px10/Px20
Class A/B/C
Power budget
Weak, extended by vendors
powerful
OAM
Small vendors involved
Large vendors involved
Maturity
RTT
Equalized logical reach
by adjusting EqD
Ranging
72%
92%
Broadband efficiency
Defined by vendors
Standard format
DBA
None
OMCI
ONT interconnectivity
CESoP
CESoP / Native
TDM support
1:16~1:32
1:64~1:128
Split ration
1.25G/1.25G
2.488G/1.244G
Rate
IEEE
ITU.T
Standard
EPON
GPON
Comparison Between GPON and EPON

Overview of Optical Access Network
This chapter describes the architecture of the optical access network.
After reading it, you will have a understanding on the FTTx network.
Besides, this chapter describes various devices applied in the FTTx
network and you can get a knowledge of those devices applied in the
optical access network.

CO
Curb
Customer
Premise
BA
FTTC
FTTB
OLT
OLT
Architecture of Optical Access Network
DSLAM
250-700m
Urban Coverage
3.5-5km
Remote Business
xDSL 2~20Mbps
OLT
FTTH
ODN
MDU
ONT
ONU
Optical Line Termination Optical Networks Termination
Optical Networks Unit
Multi-Dwelling Unit
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up

From the architecture diagram, the optical access network comprises the following
scenarios:
1. FTTB scenario
As an access scenario for business users, Fiber to The Business (FTTB) scenario falls
into single business unit (SBU) and Business Multi-tenant unit (MTU) in terms of capacity.
Of them, SBU provides a comparatively small number of ports, including following types:
POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T, RF(33dBmV), and DS1/T1/E1 ports; MTU provides a
comparatively larger number of ports, including following types: POTS,
10/100/1000BASE-T, RF and DS1/T1/E1 ports.
2. FTTC & FTTCab scenario
As an access to the curb or the cabinet over fibre, Fiber to The Curb& Fiber to The
Cabinet (FTTC & FTTCab) scenario is for the Multi-dwelling unit (MDU), providing a
comparatively larger number of ports, including following types: 10/100/1000BASE-T,
RF(33dBmV), VDSL2, and so on.
3. FTTH scenario
As an access to the home over fibre, Fiber to The Home (FTTH ) scenario is mainly for
the single family unit (SFU), providing a comparatively small number of ports, including
following types: POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T, and RF(18dBmV).
What is Optical Access Network?

Analysis of GPON Standards
This chapter analyses major GPON standards. After reading it,
you will have a understanding on the module reference, performance,
frame structure, as well as basic terms of GPON network, such
as GEM, port and T-CONT.

ITU-T G.984.3
• Specifications of TC layer in the GPON system
• GTC multiplexing architecture and protocol
stack
• GTC frame
• ONU registration and activation
• DBA specifications
• Alarms and performance
ITU-T G-984.1/2/3/4
Simple development process
Powerful compatibility
ITU-T G.984.1
• Parameter description of GPON network
• Requirements of protection switch-over
networking
GPON Standards
ITU-T G.984.4
• OMCI message format
• OMCI device management frame
• OMCI working principle
ITU-T G.984.2
• Specifications of ODN parameters
• Specifications of 2.488Gbps downstream optical port
• Specifications of 1.244Gbps upstream optical port
• Overhead allocation at physical layer

GPON Network Model Reference
WDM
ONU/ONT
NE
WDM
OLT
NE
Service node
Optical
splitter
T reference point
V reference point
R/S S/R
ODN
UNI SNI
IFpon IFpon
ONU Optical Network Unit
ONT Optical Network Terminal
ODN Optical Distribution Network
OLT Optical Line Terminal
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplex Module
NE Network Element
SNI Service Node Interface
UNI User Network Interface

Basic Performance Parameters of GPON
 GPON identifies 7 transmission speed combination as follows:
0.15552 Gbit/s up, 1.24416 Gbit/s down
Among them, 1.24416 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s down is the mainstream
speed combination supported at current time.
 Maximum logical reach: 60 km
 Maximum physical reach: 20 km
 Maximum differential fibre distance: 20 km
 Split ratio: 1 ： 64, it can be up to1 ： 128

GPON Network Protection Mode
IFpon
IFpon
IFpon
1 ： N optical splitter
OLT
ONU#1
ONU#N
Secondary fibre
Type A Fibre backup
IFpon
IFpon
IFpon
OLT
ONU#1
ONU#N
Type B OLT interface backup
IFpon

 No backup on devices.
 When the primary fibre fails, the
services on the fibre transfers to
the secondary fibre.
 Service outage occurs, and the
outage duration depends on the
time of line recovery.
 When the disconnection occurs to
the line from splitter to ONU,
service outage will occur and no
backup happens.
 OLT provides two GPON interfaces.
 This type protects the primary fibre.
When the primary fibre fails, the
services on the fibre transfers to the
secondary fibre.
 The protected objects are restricted
to the fibre from the OLT to the
ONU and boards of the OLT. For
faults occur to other parts, no
protection is provided. With
potential security problems, it
cannot satisfies customer’s
requirements.
 Fault location fails.

Protected area
Protected area

IFpon
IFpon
IFpon
OLT
ONU#1
ONU#N
Type C All-backup
IFpon
IFpon
IFpon
2 ： N optical
splitter
 Both the OLT and the ONT
provides two GPON interfaces.
GPON interfaces on the OLT
work in 1:1 mode.
 This type is a kind of whole-
network protection. Two routes
are provided between OLT and
ONU, ensuring recovery of
various faults.
 When the primary PON port on
the ONU or user line fails, ONU
automatically transfers services
to the secondary PON port. In
this way, services goes
upstream through the
secondary line and secondary
port on the OLT. Basically,
service outage will not occur.
 It is complex to realize it and not
cost-effective.
 One port stays at idle state all
the time, causing low bandwidth
utilization.

Whole-network protection

IFpon
IFpon
IFpon
2 ： N opticalsplitter
O LT
O NU#1
O NU#N
Type D Mixed backup
IFpon
IFpon
2 ： N opticalsplitter
1 ： 2 opticalsplitter
1 ： 2 opticalsplitter
 O LT provid es two GPO N
interfaces. The GPO N
interfaces work in 1 ＋ 1
m od e .
 This type is a kind of
whole -ne twork
protection. Two routes
are provid e d between
O LT and O NU , ensuring
recovery of various
faults, Includ ing faults
occurring on optical
splitte rs or the line.
 It supports using m ixe d
O NU s in the network:
O NU s either with a single
PO N port or with two
PO N ports can be used .
U sers can select them
based on the actual
ne ed s.
 It is com ple x to realize it
and not cost-effective.
Whole-network protection
Protected area of O NU s
with a single port

GPON Multiplexing Architecture
IFpon
O
N
U
O
N
U
O
N
U
T-CONT Port
T-CONT
Port
Port
T-CONT
T-CONT
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
ONU-ID
identifies
ONUs
Alloc-IDs identifies
T-CONTs
Port-ID
identifies GEM
ports
OLT ONT
T-CONT
T-CONT
GEM Port GEM Port
 GEM Port: the minimum unit for carrying services.
 T-CONT: Transmission Containers is a kind of Buffer
that carries services. It is mainly used to transmit
upstream data units. T-CONT is introduced to realize
the dynamic bandwidth assignment of the upstream
bandwidth, so as to enhance the utilization of the line.
 IF pon: GPON interface.
 Base on the mapping scheme, service traffic is carried
to different GEM ports and then to different T-CONTs.
The mapping between the GEM port and the T-CONT
is flexible. A GEM Port can correspond to a T-CONT;
or multiple GEM Ports can correspond to the same T-
CONT.
 A GPON interface of an ONU contains one or multiple
T-CONTs.

OLT Functional Blocks
PON interface
function
PON interface
function
PON TC
function
PON TC
function
Cross
Connection
function
Service
adaptation
Service
adaptation
PON Core Shell
Cross
Connect Shell
Service Shell
 PON core shell consists of two parts: PON interface function and PON TC function. PON TC
function includes framing, media access control, OAM, DBA, and delineation of Protocol Data
Unit (PDU) for the cross connect function, and ONU management.
The Cross-connect shell provides a communication path between the PON core
shell and the Service shell, as well as cross-connect functionality.
Service Shell provides translation between service interfaces and TC frame
interface of the PON section.

ONU/ONT Functional Blocks
PON interface
function
PON interface
function
PON TC
function
PON TC
function
Service
adaptation
Service
adaptation
PON Core Shell Service Shell
MUX/
DEMUX
 The functional building blocks of the G-PON ONU are mostly similar to the
functional building blocks of the OLT. Since the ONU operates with only a single
PON Interface (or maximum 2 interfaces for protection purposes), the cross-
connect function can be omitted. However, instead of this function, service MUX
and DMUX function is specified to handle traffic.

Physical Control Block
Downstream (PCBd)
Payload
AllocID S tart End AllocID S tart End
1 100 200 2 300 500
T-CONT1
(ONT 1)
T-CONT 2
(ONT 2)
S lot
1 00
S lot
200
S lot
300
S lot
500
PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu Payload x DBRu Y Payload y
Upstream
Bandwidth Map
125us
Downstream Framing
Upstream Framing
O LT
O NT64
O NT1
GPON Frame Structure
• Please refer to
the remarks

PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu x Payload x DBRu y Payload y PLOu DBRu z Payload z
Preamble
A bytes
Delimiter
B bytes
BIP
1 bytes
ONU-ID
1 bytes
Ind
1 bytes
ONU ID
Msg ID
1 bytes
Message
10 bytes
CRC
1 bytes
DBA
1,2,4bytes
CRC
1 bytes
DBA Report Pad if needed
GEM
header
Frame
fragment
GEM
header
Full
frame
GEM
header
Frame
fragment
PLI Port ID PTI HEC
ONT A ONT B
Upstream Framing
GPON Upstream Frame Structure
• Please refer to
the remarks

PCBd
n
Payload
n
PCBd
n + 1
Payload
n
Psync
4 bytes
Ident
4 bytes
Reserved
13 bytes
BIP
1 bytes
Plend
4 bytes
Plend
4 bytes
US BW Map
N*8 bytes
FEC Ind
1 bit
Reserved
1 bit
S uper-frame
Counter 30 bits
Blen BW Map
Length 12 bits
Alen ATM Partition
Length 12 bits
CRC
8 bits
Access 1
8 bytes
Access 2
8 bytes
…..
Access n
8 bytes
Alloc ID
12 bits
Flags
12 bits
SStart
2 bytes
S Stop
2 bytes
CRC
1 byte
S end PLS
1 bit
Send PLOAMn
1 bit
Use FEC
1 bit
S end DBRu
2 bits
Reserved
7 bits
125us
Coverage of this BIP Coverage of next BIP
Downstream Framing
GPON Downstream Frame Structure
• Please refer to
the remarks

TDM
TDM data Payload
TDM fragment
HEC
PTI
Port ID
PLI
GEM Frame
Ingress buffer
TDM Buffer
Mapping of TDM Service in GPON
 TDM frames are buffered and queued as they arrive, then TDM data is multiplexed
in to fixed-length GEM frames for transmission.
 This scheme does not vary TDM services but transmit TDM services transparently.
 Featuring fixed length, GEM frames benefits the transmission of TDM services .

GEM
Payload
CRC
PTI
Port ID
PLI
GEM Frame
Ethernet Packet
DA
SFD
Preamble
Inter packet gap
SA
LengthType
MAC client data
FEC
EOF
5 bytes
Mapping of Ethernet Service in GPON
 GPON system resolves Ethernet frames and then directly maps the data of frames
into the GEM Payload.
 GEM frames automatically encapsulate header information.
 Mapping format is clear and it is easy for devices to support this mapping. It also
boasts good compatibility.

GPON Key Technologies
This chapter describes GPON key technologies. After reading it,
you will have a understanding on key technologies of GPON, such as
ranging, equalization delay (EqD), dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA),
QoS and optical power.

GPON Key Technologies----
Burst Optical/Electric Technology
Continuous transmitting units Burst transmitting units
 Fast-enable and disable ability
 Split ratio (>10dB)
0# ONT
0# ONU
1# ONU
0# ONU
1# ONU
0# ONT
0# ONU
1# ONU
0# ONT
Fast AGC receiving
Non- fast AGC receiving
Threshold line
Signals sent from ONT/ONU
Signals arrive at OLT and
threshold is specified
Data recovered
Burst receiving units
Continuous transmitting units

GPON Key Technologies----Ranging
OLT
ONU in
Ranging
state
Start
of
D/S
Frame
Reception
of
D/S
Frame
Transmission
of
S/N
Response
Actual
Reception
of
S/N
Resonse
Desired
Start
of
U/S
Frame
Assigned EqD
Pre-Assigned
EqD
'Zero Distance' EqD
Desired
Reception
of
SN
Response
Sstart
U/S BW Map
containing
Ranging Request
ONU
Response
Time
Pre-Assigned
EqD Sstart
Start
of
U/S
Frame
for
Pre-ranged
ONU
ONU3
ONU2
ONU1
OLT
 OLT obtains the Round Trip Delay (RTD) through ranging process, then specifies
suitable Equalization Delay (EqD) so as to avoid occurrence of collision on optical
splitters.
 To acquire the serial number and ranging, OLT needs open a window, that is, Quiet
Zone, and pauses upstream transmitting channels on other ONUs.

DBA
What is DBA?
--- DBA, Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment
--- DBA is a scheme facilitating dynamic bandwidth assignment at an interval of ns and us.
Why DBA?
--- It enhances the uplink bandwidth utilization of PON ports.
--- More users can be added on a PON port.
--- Users can enjoy higher-bandwidth services, especially those requiring comparatively
greater change in terms of the bandwidth.

DBA Working Principle
 Based on service priorities, the system sets S LA for each O NU , re stricting service band wid th.
 The m axim um band wid th and the m inim um band wid th pose lim its to the band wid th of each O NU , ensuring
various band wid th for services of d iffere nt prioritie s. In ge neral, voice service enj
oys the highest, then vid e o
service and d ata service the lowest in term s of service priority.
 O LT grants band wid th based on services, S LA and the actualcond ition of the O NU . S ervices of highe r priority
enj
oy higher band wid th.
SLA: Service － Level Agreement
BW: Bandwidth
Maximum: maximum bandwidth
Guaranteed: guaranteed bandwidth
Minimum: minimum bandwidth

T-CONT Bandwidth Terms
 Transmission Containers (T-CONTs): it dynamically receive grants delivered by
OLT. T-CONTs are used for the management of upstream bandwidth allocation
in the PON section of the Transmission Convergence layer. T-CONTs are
primarily used to improve the upstream bandwidth use on the PON.
 T-CONT type falls into FB, AB, NAB, and BE.
 Five T-CONT types: Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4, and Type5.

Relationship Between T-CONT Type and Bandwidth
Type
 Type1 T-C O NT is of the fixed band wid th type and m ainly use d for se rvices se nsitive to d elay and services of
higher priorities, such as voice services.
 Type2 and type3 T-C O NT is of the guaranteed band wid th type and m ainly used for vid e o service s and d ata
se rvices of higher prioritie s.
 Type4 is of the best-effort type and m ainly used for d ata services (such as Internet and em ail), and service s of
lower priorities. These services d o not require high band wid th.
 Type5 is of the m ixed T-C O NT type, involving allband wid th types and bearing allservices.

DBA Operation Modes on ONU
（ a ） There are four T-CONT types on ONUs （ b ） There is only Type5 T-CONT on ONUs
 Based on T-C O NT types, there are two m od es in D BA operations.
 In m od e (a), services are m appe d into d iffe re nt T-C O NT queue s, and then O NU sched ules and outputs the
d ata waiting in queue s based on the O LT grants.
 In m od e (b), allservices are m apped into type 5 queues, and type5 contains four types of sub-que ues. Then,
O NU O NU sched ule s and outputs the d ata waiting in queues based on the O LT grants.

DBA Operation Process
 D BA block in the O LT constantly collects inform ation from D BA re ports, and send s the algorithm result in the
form of BW Map to O NU s .
 Based on the BW Map, e ach O NU send s upstream burst d ata on tim e slots spe cified to them selves and utilize s
the upstream band wid th.
DBA algorithm
logic
DBA report
BW Map
Time slot
T-CONT
T-CONT
T-CONT
S cheduler
ONU
OLT
Control
pl
atform
D ata
pl
atform

Two DBA Operation Modes
 SR(Status Reporting )-DBA
Payload
US BW
Map
Data Report
PCBd
D/S Direction
U/S Direction
OLT ONT
①
②
③
④
 Based on the algorithm result of
last time, OLT delivers BW
Maps in the header of
downstream frames.
 Based on the bandwidth allocation
information, ONU sends the status
report of data currently waiting in
T-CONTs in the specified time
slots.
 OLT receives the status report
from the ONU, updates BW Map
through DBA algorithm and the
delivers the new BW Map in the
next frame.
 ONU receives the BW Map from
the OLT and sends data in the
specified time slots.

NSR-DBA Operation
NSR is an algorithm scheme that realizes DBA. It helps to predict the bandwidth
allocated to each ONU based on the traffic from ONUs.
Procedure:
Step1: Monitor the number of cells received by OLT within the specified
interval.
Step2: Use the result of real time monitoring in step 1 to calculate the
utilization rate.
Step3: Recognize the congestion status by comparing the utilization rate
with the specified limits.
D
t
i j
Di
Dj
 NSR (Non Status Reporting)-DBA

QoS Mechanism of ONU in GPON
GPON
VOIP
VOD
DATA
TDM
Traffic-flow
Scheduling
And buffer
control
Service
differentia
based on
802.1p
GPON
VOIP
VOD
DATA
TDM
Traffic-flow
Scheduling
And buffer
control
Service
differentia
based on
802.1p
OLT
Splitter
Service traffic based on
GEM Port-id
 Traffic classification of services base d on LAN/
802.1 p.
 S ervice sched uling based on the com bination of strict priority (S P) and Weighted Round Robin
(WRR) algorithm s.
 S ervice transm ission based on service m apping with d iffe rent T-C O NTs, enhancing line utilization
and reliability.

QoS Mechanism of OLT in GPON
VOIP
BTV
DATA
TDM
GPON
GPON
GE/10GE
Upstream service
traffic based on
different VLANs
Ethernet
bridging
Non-
blocking
switching
802.1p
COS
Queuing &
scheduling
DBA
TDM Gateway
PSTN
BSR
OLT
 Traffic classification based on VLAN/
802.1 p.
 S ervice sched uling based on com bination of strict priority (S P) and Weighted
Round Robin (WRR) algorithm s.
 D BA algorithm , enhancing uplink band wid th utilization.
 Access controllist (AC L)-based access controlon layers above laye r-2.

AES Encryption in GPON
End User
End User
1
1
End User
End User
3
3
ONT
End User
End User
2
2
3
3 3
3
1
1
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
2
2
ONT
ONT
1
1
3
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1 3
3 3
3
2
2 1
1 1
1
OLT
Encryption
Decryption
Decryption
Decryption
1
1
1
1 3
3 3
3
2
2 1
1 1
1
 OLT applies Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128 encryption.
 GPON supports encrypted transmission in downstream direction, such as AES128 encryption.
 In the case of GEM fragments, only the payload will be encrypted.
 GPON system initiates AES key exchange and switch-over periodically, improving the reliability
of the line.
AES: Advanced Encrypt System
A globally-used encryption algorithm

FEC
D a t a
b y t e s
P C B d
P
a
r
i
t
y
C o d e w o r d
9 7 2 0 T S s
P C B d P a y l o a d ( D a t a b y t e s )
D a t a b y t e s o f
c o d e w o r d # 1
9 1 0 8 T S s
S h o r t
c o d e w o r d
D a t a b y t e s
P
a
r
i
t
y
C o d e w o r d
c o d e w o r d # 2
D a t a b y t e s
P
a
r
i
t
y
C o d e w o r d
c o d e w o r d # 3
D a t a b y t e s
P
a
r
i
t
y
C o d e w o r d
c o d e w o r d # 4
D a t a b y t e s
P
a
r
i
t
y
C o d e w o r d
c o d e w o r d # 5
D a t a b y t e s
P
a
r
i
t
y
C o d e w o r d
c o d e w o r d # 6
P
a
r
i
t
y
D a ta
b y t e s
 FEC is Forward Error Correction.
 It is a algorithm based on Reed-Solomon, a Block based code. FEC code comprises fixed-
length data block and redundancy bits.
 Applying FEC algorithm on the transmission layer, GPON will drop the error bit rate of the
line transmission to 10-15, and avoid retransmission of data.
 GPON supports FEC in the downstream direction.
 Processing of PCBd and Payload improves the transmission quality.

Power attenuation calculation of Optical splitter
Input attenuation of optical splitter(<1dB):
∑(Power_input) - ∑(Power_output of all branch)
Optical Power Attenuation
Input Output
1:2 optical
splitter
2:N optical
splitter
∵ 10 log(0.5) = - 3.01
∴
Attenuation of 1:2 splitter: 3.01 dB
Attenuation of 1:16 splitter: 12.04 dB
Attenuation of 1:64 splitter :18.06 dB
Input
Output

Fibre Attenuation and Power Budget
Fibre attenuation relates to the fibre
length
The attenuation of fibre splicing point is
generally less than 0.2dB
Other factors may cause attenuation,
such
as fibre bending
About 0.35 dB per km
for 1310,1490nm
30 dB
15 dB
Class C
NOTE – The requirements of a particular class may be more stringent for one
system type than for another, e.g. the class C attenuation range is
inherently more stringent for TCM systems due to the use of a
1:2 splitter/combiner at each side of the ODN, each having a loss of about 3
dB.
28 dB
25 dB
20 dB
Maximum loss
13 dB
10 dB
5 dB
Minimum loss
Class B ＋
Class B
Class A
Table G.984.2 – Classes for optical path loss
Huawei’s OLT and ONU
28 dB (Class B+)

0.5
dB
•Upstream optical penalty
-8
dBm
•Minimum overload
-27
dBm
•Minimum sensitivity
+5
dBm
•Mean launched power MAX
0.5
dBm
•Mean launched power MIN
ONU
ONU:
0.5
dB
•Downstream optical penalty
-8
dBm
•Minimum overload
-28
dBm
•Minimum sensitivity
+5
dBm
•Mean launched power MAX
+1.5
dBm
•Mean launched power MIN
OLT
OLT:
Single fibre
Unit
Items
Parameters of GPON Interfaces (Class B+)

GPON Management and Service Provisioning
This chapter describes GPON management and service provisioning.
After reading it, you will have a understanding on OMCI
(the management and maintenance message type) and ONT service
implementation.

OAM message at the physical layer falls into three types: embedded
OAM, PLOAM and OMCI .
Basic Message Types in GPON Management
The embedded OAM and PLOAM channels manage the functions of
the PMD and the GTC layers. The OMCI provides a uniform system of
managing higher (service defining) layers.
The embedded OAM channel is provided by field-formatted
information (such as BW Map ， DBRu) in the header of the GTC frame.
The functions that use this channel include: bandwidth granting, Dynamic
Bandwidth Assignment signalling and so on.
The OMCI channel is used to manage the service defining layers
that lay above the GTC.

OLT BRAS
ONT
GPON System Management Mode
iManager N2000 BMS
OMCI
SNMP
ACS
TR069
 ONT Plug and Play
 Zero configuration
 ONT Centered Management
 ONT remote diagnosis
 Remote ONT maintenance and management through OMCI
 Auto configuration and management on ONT through TR069
 ONT Auto Service Provisioning
Client

GPON Service Provisioning and Zero
Configuration on Terminals
Carriers’ nightmare
Application scenario
Service Provisioning
NMS 2000
Access Network
Billing
1 Subscribe for services
2 Configure service network
3
Order Management
Start up ONT and make registration with serial number
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
CRM
User
Send terminals to users
1
2
Finish the auto-configuration of OLT
Initial configurations (such as service system information
configuration, data configuration) are required on
terminals and then they can be put into use. To finish
these configurations, it is not cost-effective to carriers.
GPON supports zero configuration on
terminals and plug-and-play of terminals,
which is cost-effective.
Flexible Configuration plan of GPON
STB
3
Use OMCI to finishing data
configuration on ONT

VOIP Service Management Solution in GPON
SoftX3000
Service Provisioning
IADMS
Access Network
CRM Billing
UMS
1
Subscribe for services
2 Configure SoftX
3 Configure IADMS
Activation code generator
4
Generating activation code
User
5
Send activation code and terminal to users
Phone Phone Phone Phone
Order Management
6 Input activation code
7
Configure terminals automaticallythroughTR069
Maintenance personnel use activation code generator to generate
terminal activation code (including IADMS IP, PPPoE user name
and password). Users input activation code on terminals,
terminals register on IADMS upon power-up and the IADMS
makes auto-configuration on terminals.
Basic operation and maintenance process
Description
Process and Networking
ONT ONT
Service
provisioning
Terminal
activation
Daily
management

Basic Services over GPON Network
This chapter describes basic services provided by GPON
System, such as Triple-play, TDM and RF overlay services.

BRAS
AAA Server
IP Core
ASP/ISP
CPE
MSE
Ethernet
OLT
Softswitch
Intern
et
VoD
Server
Middle
ware
NMS
TL1/CORBA
/API
BB service platform
Carrier’s OSS
Notification
Triple Play Solution in GPON
IPTV
Phone
PC
SFU
Phone
PC
SBU
CPE
MDU
VDSL
NSP
IP
Voice
CBU
E1
FE
ODN
Splitter
Base station

TDM Service Solution in GPON
ONT
OLT
CO
LE
Splitter
ONT
BUSINESS
PBX
PBX
E1/T1
ODN
E1/T1
E1/T1
FE
PSTN
CESoP mode
Native mode
 With guaranteed QoS, GPON ensures the parameter
indexes of TDM service, such as end-to-end delay,
Jitter and error bit rate.
 GPON supports effective isolation and higher-priority
processing of TDAM service.
 OLT supports processing TDM
service in Native and CESoP
modes.
 With fixed
upstream/downstream
frame structure, periodic
multiframes are
transmitted in GPON
line. So, GPON can
transmit TDM service with
first-born advantage.
ONT

RF Overlay Service Solution in GPON
EDFA
（ Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier ）
Optical
Couplers
（ WDM ）
OLT
(Optical Line Terminal)
ONU
(Optical Network Terminal)
Central
Office
Video
1550nm
Voice/Data& Video
1490/1310nm ， 1550n
m
Voice/Data
Downstream
1490nm
Upstream 1490nm
Customer
Premises
Optical Splitter
Video
（ RF ）
IP
Voice and Data
@1250Mbps
Voice and Data
@2500Mbps
Video
Analog TV Digital TV HD/VOD
42Mhz 550Mhz 860Mhz
Upstream Downstream
1310nm 1490nm 1550nm

Huawei GPON Fundamentals

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