Fuel Measurement using Loadcell
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1) The document describes a system for measuring fuel levels in vehicles using a load cell attached below the fuel tank. The load cell measures the weight of the fuel tank and sends signals to an Arduino board. 2) The Arduino converts the weight measurements to liters of fuel using formulas that take into account the density of the fuel. It displays the current and remaining fuel levels. 3) Additional components include a speedometer to measure vehicle speed and calculate remaining distance based on fuel level and mileage, a GSM module to send fuel levels to vehicle owners, and a potential GPS module to track vehicle location. The system aims to provide accurate fuel level monitoring and prevent issues like petrol bunk fraud.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 941
FUEL MEASUREMENT USING LOADCELL
Raveena A1, Deepa R2
1Dept. Of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu, India
2 Associate Professor, Dept. Of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of
Technology, Tamilnadu, India
--------------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The utilization of vehicles is rapidly
increasing now a days and it leads to a huge problem of fuel
availability. Often humans forgot to check the fuel level before
taking vehicles and it will run out of fuel in half a way. All
petrol and diesel filling bunks have digital displays to indicate
the amount of fuel added. The users don’t know whether it is
showing the accurate value or not. To overcome this problem,
this paper suggests a load cell based fuel measurement which
gives exact level of fuel while fuel filling process andalso inthe
travelling time. Nonstop monitoring of fuel level is attained by
attaching the load cell below the fuel tank with the use of
arduino Uno and display unit fixed with dash board. The
current speed of vehicle is indicated by the speedometerwhich
is arranged with arduino and it also calculates the mileage
which helps the vehicle user to know about the remaining
kilometers of vehicle will pass through based on currentspeed
with the available fuel. The measured fuel levels can be sent
through GSM module to the owners of the hiring vehicles by
messages through electronic gadgets for their verification
purposes. By interfacing GPS module witharduinoboard itcan
show the vehicle’s position with help of satellites.
Key Words: Load cell, Arduino, Fuel density.
1. INTRODUCTION
The digital fuel indicating system already exists in
four wheeler but only few attempts have been made in two
wheelers. The first digital fuel indicatingsysteminIndia was
Vanav digital fuel indicator [1].The remaining fuel inthefuel
tank is displayed in the indicator of the four wheelers.Speed
and fuel are measured in kilometer/hour and liters. The
analog indicator system cannot give this kind of information
in accurate manner. By using the digital circuit, users are
able to identify the correct amount of fuel added inbunk and
it helps to know the mileage of the vehicle. We are regularly
facing the petrol bunk frauds knowinglyorunknowinglyand
it leads to corruption everywhere [1].Thecustomerspaythe
right amount to fuel quantity but they were cheated by the
bunk owners. The fuel added is not accurate and it has a
difference between the displayed fuel values to the added
quantity. Every customer has their rights to ask for a precise
quantity and digital display helps them.
2. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
2.1 Load Cell
Several methods are available for fuel level
detection but in this paper a precise measurement is
proposed to detect the fuel level accurately. It is a
transducer with strain gauge that measures the weight of
fuel tank based on the force applied and it has a bridge
circuit to convert the change in resistance to electrical
signals. It is converted by four strain gauges inside the load
cell which forms the wheat stone bridge circuit. The output
electrical signals are send to the arduino Uno and it is fixed
below the fuel tank. The load cell is chosen based upon the
capacity of fuel tank as it is different for two wheelers and
four wheelers. Further, different brandsoftwo wheelersand
four wheelers fuel tank capacity varies considerably. The
proposed work is an efficient method tomonitortheamount
of fuel in the fuel tank.
2.2 Arduino Uno
Arduino is an open source project with both
hardware and software for an interactive environment with
physical world. Arduino Uno is a microcontroller works on
ATmega328 and it provides a set of analog and digital pins
which is used for interfacing. The output signals from the
load cell are given to the arduino Uno that converts the
weight value into litres. The arduino is coded for this
conversion and it is connected with display unit to show the
values in liters. This conversion can be done by using some
formulae and it depends on fuel density and it differs for all
fuels. Many processors can be used in the replaceofarduino.
2.3 GSM Modem
Global systemformobilecommunicationsisa digital
system that uses variation of time division multiple access
(TDMA) technology. It is used forcommunicationpurposeto
send messages. The GSM modem transmits the measured
fuel levels while filling of fuel tank to the respective owners.
GSM modem accepts any sim and it will operatelikea mobile
phone.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i10166-171128091700/85/Fuel-Measurement-using-Loadcell-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 942
2.4 Speedometer
A speedometer or a speed meter measures angular
velocity. It measures anddisplaystheinstantaneous speedof
a vehicle. It also indicates the remaining kilometers that
vehicle will run with the remaining fuel availableinthetank.
3. PROPOSED METHOD
The proposed method is a best alternative to fuel
measurement techniques to help the userswithlowcostand
requirements. It is an efficient one and also applicable in all
types of vehicles. Fig.1 demonstrates the overviewofsystem
configuration.
Fuel tank
Arduino speedometer
Display unit
Fig-1: Overview of system configuration
This system can overcome the demerits of existed
system and give accurate valuestotheusers.Insteadofusing
fuel sensors to detect the fuel level, here load cell is used.
The block diagram of given system isshowninfig.2.Theload
cell is attached with base of fuel tank and measures the
weight of tank. These values are given to arduino and it
converts weight values into liters. The respective fuel added
at petrol bunk and remaining fuel will be displayed in
display unit. The vehicle user can get correct quantity of fuel
for their paid amount.
Identically the speedometer will measure the speed of
vehicle and remaining kilometers run with remaining fuel.
GPS can send specific location of the vehicle and GSM alerts
the owner in case of any emergency.
Arduino Uno
Fig-2: Block diagram of given system
4. LEVEL CALCULATIONS
Level conversion takes place in arduino by some
formula to calculate the accurate fuel level. Density values
differ for various fuels and also with temperature. The unit
of fuel density is expressed in kilograms per cubic meter [1].
Fuel level calculation is based upon fuel density values.
Molecular weight is proportional to fuel density and it
commonly increases with risingmolecularweightoffuel and
energy density values are tabulated as shown in the table 1.
Type of
Fuel
Energy
Density
Energy Density
(MJKg−1) (MJlitre−1)
Petrol 46 34
Diesel 45 38
Table-1: Values of fuel density
Fuel density also normally rises with increasing
molecular weight of the component atoms of the fuel
molecules. Fuel density is used to find fuel volume ratio,
which is successively used to calculate the tank mass. Hence
by considering the
Fuel density, the calculation was made by the coming
formula [1].
Fuel volume ratio= (Fuel Mass Ratio) /
Fuel density
Fuel tank
LOAD
CELL
A to D
converters
Kg to
lit
co
nv
ers
io
Mileage &
level
calculation
Power source
I / o ports
Speedometer
Speed : Km/time
Fuel level : Lit
Km to run : kms
GSM
Modem](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i10166-171128091700/85/Fuel-Measurement-using-Loadcell-2-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 943
Tank mass= (Tank pressure * 3.0) /
(Effective tensile * X)
Where,
X= (Fuel Ratio + Oxidizer Ratio +
Propellant Ratio)
(Consider all ratios in Volume)
5. SPEED MEASUREMENTS
Speed measurement is another criterion of the fuel
level measurement ant it mainly depends on the mileage of
that specific vehicle. If the mileage of vehicle is 15km/liter,
that vehicle is running with average speed, this gives the
correct distance with existing fuel. If speed exceeds beyond
average speed, the kilometers to run will falls with mileage.
6. CONCLUSION
The proposed idea of fuel measurement using load
cell with arduino is very cost efficient and easy to use. Itmay
be enhanced with any microcontrollers and can be
implemented in all types of vehicles. By using this method
petrol bunk frauds can be avoided. This project can be
enhanced by interfacing GPS with arduino to track vehicle’s
location in case of any emergency situations.
REFERENCES
[1].S.Mohanasundaram, P.Manikandan ,R.Monisha "Design
and Implementation of Load Cell Based Fuel Level
Measurement "2014 International ConferenceonComputer
Communication and Informatics (ICCCI -2014), Jan. 03 – 05,
2014, Coimbatore, INDIA
[2]. Dongil Lee, Hyun Pyo Honb, Myung Jin Lee, Chan Won
Park, Nam Ki Min “A prototype high sensitivity load cell
using single walled carbon nanotube strain gauges,”Sensors
and Actuators, Elsevier A 180 (2012) 120– 126.
[3]. H. Canbolat, “A novel level measurementtechniqueusing
three capacitive sensors for liquids,” IEEE Trans. Instrum.
Meas., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 3762–3768, Oct. 2009.
[4]. S. Pal and R. Barik, “Design, development and testingofa
semi cylindrical capacitive sensor for liquid level
measurement,” Sensors Trans. J., vol. 116, no. 5, pp. 13–20,
2010.
[5]. S. Chakravarthy, R. Sharma, and R. Kasturi, “Noncontact
level sensing technique using computer vision,” IEEE Trans.
Instrum. Meas., vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 353–361, Apr. 2002.
[6]. Bezboruah, “A new non-intrusive optical technique to
measure transparent liquid level and volume,” IEEE Sensors
J., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 391–398, Feb. 2011.
[7]. M. Golosovsky, A. Lann, and D. Davidov, “A
millimeterwave nearfield scanning probe with an optical
distance control,” Ultramicroscopy, vol. 71, nos. 1–4, pp.
133–141, 1998.
[8]. Xin Hidam Kumarjit Singh, Nongthombam Chingkhei
Meitei, Sashikanta Talukdar Sarkar, Dhanajay Tiwari, and
Tulshi Bezborua,“ Truly Nonintrusive Liquid-Level-Sensing
Method Based on Lateral Displacement Effect ofLightRays’’,
IEEE Sensors Journal, VOL. 13, NO. 2, February 2013.
[9]. Tatsuo Nakagawa, Akihiko Hyodo, Kenji Kogo, Hideaki
Kurata,“ Contactless Liquid-Level Measurement With
Frequency-Modulated Millimeter Wave Through Opaque
Container’’, IEEE Sensors Journal, VOL. 13, NO. 3, March
2013.
[10]. C. W. Lai, Y. L. Lo, J. P. Yur, and C. H.Chuang,“Application
of fiber Bragg grating level sensor and Fabry-Pérotpressure
sensor to simultaneous measurement of liquid level and
specific gravity,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 12, no. 4, pp.
827–831, Apr. 2012.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i10166-171128091700/85/Fuel-Measurement-using-Loadcell-3-320.jpg)
Fuel Measurement using Loadcell
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 941 FUEL MEASUREMENT USING LOADCELL Raveena A1, Deepa R2 1Dept. Of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu, India 2 Associate Professor, Dept. Of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu, India --------------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The utilization of vehicles is rapidly increasing now a days and it leads to a huge problem of fuel availability. Often humans forgot to check the fuel level before taking vehicles and it will run out of fuel in half a way. All petrol and diesel filling bunks have digital displays to indicate the amount of fuel added. The users don’t know whether it is showing the accurate value or not. To overcome this problem, this paper suggests a load cell based fuel measurement which gives exact level of fuel while fuel filling process andalso inthe travelling time. Nonstop monitoring of fuel level is attained by attaching the load cell below the fuel tank with the use of arduino Uno and display unit fixed with dash board. The current speed of vehicle is indicated by the speedometerwhich is arranged with arduino and it also calculates the mileage which helps the vehicle user to know about the remaining kilometers of vehicle will pass through based on currentspeed with the available fuel. The measured fuel levels can be sent through GSM module to the owners of the hiring vehicles by messages through electronic gadgets for their verification purposes. By interfacing GPS module witharduinoboard itcan show the vehicle’s position with help of satellites. Key Words: Load cell, Arduino, Fuel density. 1. INTRODUCTION The digital fuel indicating system already exists in four wheeler but only few attempts have been made in two wheelers. The first digital fuel indicatingsysteminIndia was Vanav digital fuel indicator [1].The remaining fuel inthefuel tank is displayed in the indicator of the four wheelers.Speed and fuel are measured in kilometer/hour and liters. The analog indicator system cannot give this kind of information in accurate manner. By using the digital circuit, users are able to identify the correct amount of fuel added inbunk and it helps to know the mileage of the vehicle. We are regularly facing the petrol bunk frauds knowinglyorunknowinglyand it leads to corruption everywhere [1].Thecustomerspaythe right amount to fuel quantity but they were cheated by the bunk owners. The fuel added is not accurate and it has a difference between the displayed fuel values to the added quantity. Every customer has their rights to ask for a precise quantity and digital display helps them. 2. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 2.1 Load Cell Several methods are available for fuel level detection but in this paper a precise measurement is proposed to detect the fuel level accurately. It is a transducer with strain gauge that measures the weight of fuel tank based on the force applied and it has a bridge circuit to convert the change in resistance to electrical signals. It is converted by four strain gauges inside the load cell which forms the wheat stone bridge circuit. The output electrical signals are send to the arduino Uno and it is fixed below the fuel tank. The load cell is chosen based upon the capacity of fuel tank as it is different for two wheelers and four wheelers. Further, different brandsoftwo wheelersand four wheelers fuel tank capacity varies considerably. The proposed work is an efficient method tomonitortheamount of fuel in the fuel tank. 2.2 Arduino Uno Arduino is an open source project with both hardware and software for an interactive environment with physical world. Arduino Uno is a microcontroller works on ATmega328 and it provides a set of analog and digital pins which is used for interfacing. The output signals from the load cell are given to the arduino Uno that converts the weight value into litres. The arduino is coded for this conversion and it is connected with display unit to show the values in liters. This conversion can be done by using some formulae and it depends on fuel density and it differs for all fuels. Many processors can be used in the replaceofarduino. 2.3 GSM Modem Global systemformobilecommunicationsisa digital system that uses variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) technology. It is used forcommunicationpurposeto send messages. The GSM modem transmits the measured fuel levels while filling of fuel tank to the respective owners. GSM modem accepts any sim and it will operatelikea mobile phone.
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 942 2.4 Speedometer A speedometer or a speed meter measures angular velocity. It measures anddisplaystheinstantaneous speedof a vehicle. It also indicates the remaining kilometers that vehicle will run with the remaining fuel availableinthetank. 3. PROPOSED METHOD The proposed method is a best alternative to fuel measurement techniques to help the userswithlowcostand requirements. It is an efficient one and also applicable in all types of vehicles. Fig.1 demonstrates the overviewofsystem configuration. Fuel tank Arduino speedometer Display unit Fig-1: Overview of system configuration This system can overcome the demerits of existed system and give accurate valuestotheusers.Insteadofusing fuel sensors to detect the fuel level, here load cell is used. The block diagram of given system isshowninfig.2.Theload cell is attached with base of fuel tank and measures the weight of tank. These values are given to arduino and it converts weight values into liters. The respective fuel added at petrol bunk and remaining fuel will be displayed in display unit. The vehicle user can get correct quantity of fuel for their paid amount. Identically the speedometer will measure the speed of vehicle and remaining kilometers run with remaining fuel. GPS can send specific location of the vehicle and GSM alerts the owner in case of any emergency. Arduino Uno Fig-2: Block diagram of given system 4. LEVEL CALCULATIONS Level conversion takes place in arduino by some formula to calculate the accurate fuel level. Density values differ for various fuels and also with temperature. The unit of fuel density is expressed in kilograms per cubic meter [1]. Fuel level calculation is based upon fuel density values. Molecular weight is proportional to fuel density and it commonly increases with risingmolecularweightoffuel and energy density values are tabulated as shown in the table 1. Type of Fuel Energy Density Energy Density (MJKg−1) (MJlitre−1) Petrol 46 34 Diesel 45 38 Table-1: Values of fuel density Fuel density also normally rises with increasing molecular weight of the component atoms of the fuel molecules. Fuel density is used to find fuel volume ratio, which is successively used to calculate the tank mass. Hence by considering the Fuel density, the calculation was made by the coming formula [1]. Fuel volume ratio= (Fuel Mass Ratio) / Fuel density Fuel tank LOAD CELL A to D converters Kg to lit co nv ers io Mileage & level calculation Power source I / o ports Speedometer Speed : Km/time Fuel level : Lit Km to run : kms GSM Modem
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 943 Tank mass= (Tank pressure * 3.0) / (Effective tensile * X) Where, X= (Fuel Ratio + Oxidizer Ratio + Propellant Ratio) (Consider all ratios in Volume) 5. SPEED MEASUREMENTS Speed measurement is another criterion of the fuel level measurement ant it mainly depends on the mileage of that specific vehicle. If the mileage of vehicle is 15km/liter, that vehicle is running with average speed, this gives the correct distance with existing fuel. If speed exceeds beyond average speed, the kilometers to run will falls with mileage. 6. CONCLUSION The proposed idea of fuel measurement using load cell with arduino is very cost efficient and easy to use. Itmay be enhanced with any microcontrollers and can be implemented in all types of vehicles. By using this method petrol bunk frauds can be avoided. This project can be enhanced by interfacing GPS with arduino to track vehicle’s location in case of any emergency situations. REFERENCES [1].S.Mohanasundaram, P.Manikandan ,R.Monisha "Design and Implementation of Load Cell Based Fuel Level Measurement "2014 International ConferenceonComputer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI -2014), Jan. 03 – 05, 2014, Coimbatore, INDIA [2]. Dongil Lee, Hyun Pyo Honb, Myung Jin Lee, Chan Won Park, Nam Ki Min “A prototype high sensitivity load cell using single walled carbon nanotube strain gauges,”Sensors and Actuators, Elsevier A 180 (2012) 120– 126. [3]. H. Canbolat, “A novel level measurementtechniqueusing three capacitive sensors for liquids,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 3762–3768, Oct. 2009. [4]. S. Pal and R. Barik, “Design, development and testingofa semi cylindrical capacitive sensor for liquid level measurement,” Sensors Trans. J., vol. 116, no. 5, pp. 13–20, 2010. [5]. S. Chakravarthy, R. Sharma, and R. Kasturi, “Noncontact level sensing technique using computer vision,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 353–361, Apr. 2002. [6]. Bezboruah, “A new non-intrusive optical technique to measure transparent liquid level and volume,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 391–398, Feb. 2011. [7]. M. Golosovsky, A. Lann, and D. Davidov, “A millimeterwave nearfield scanning probe with an optical distance control,” Ultramicroscopy, vol. 71, nos. 1–4, pp. 133–141, 1998. [8]. Xin Hidam Kumarjit Singh, Nongthombam Chingkhei Meitei, Sashikanta Talukdar Sarkar, Dhanajay Tiwari, and Tulshi Bezborua,“ Truly Nonintrusive Liquid-Level-Sensing Method Based on Lateral Displacement Effect ofLightRays’’, IEEE Sensors Journal, VOL. 13, NO. 2, February 2013. [9]. Tatsuo Nakagawa, Akihiko Hyodo, Kenji Kogo, Hideaki Kurata,“ Contactless Liquid-Level Measurement With Frequency-Modulated Millimeter Wave Through Opaque Container’’, IEEE Sensors Journal, VOL. 13, NO. 3, March 2013. [10]. C. W. Lai, Y. L. Lo, J. P. Yur, and C. H.Chuang,“Application of fiber Bragg grating level sensor and Fabry-Pérotpressure sensor to simultaneous measurement of liquid level and specific gravity,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 827–831, Apr. 2012.