functions of gut flora
- 3. Metabolic functions • Gut microbiota having symbiotic relationship • Contributing many enzymes • For break down of : Polysaccharide Polyphenols Proteins • For synthesis of : Vitamins Bile acids
- 4. Carbohydrates • Saccharolytic bacterial fermentation • Key bacterial fermentation products Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) Gases • The three most abundant SCFAs detected are acetate propionate butyrate
- 8. Proteins • Have proteolytic power • Peptides, amino acids and derivatives • Short and branched-chain fatty acids, • Gases, including ammonia, H2, CO2, and H2S Example: • Bacteroides • Propionibacterium
- 10. Synthesis of vitamin • Gut microbiota can synthesize certain vitamins Vitamin B and K Vitamin K • Fat dissolving • Proteins for blood coagulation • Proteins that allows them to bind calcium ions • Vitamin K includes two natural vitamers: Vitamin K1 and vitamin K2
- 11. Vitamin k2 by e.coli
- 12. Bile acids • Trans genomic metabolite • CA and CDCA are produced • N-acyl amidation occurs • Microbial biotransformation of bile acids • Gut bacteria possess bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzymes • Microbiota including Bacteroides, Clostridium, Lactobacillus • This deconjugation step provides bacteria with a mechanism to reduce the toxicity of the bile acids.