water contaminants
- 1. Water contaminants in Lahore ROHAMA (24) MALIHA (21)
- 2. Water contaminants •The term “contaminants” “ Anything other than water molecules” Physical Chemical Biological Radiological Physical • Effect the physical appearance and properties • e.g. sediments and organic materials
- 3. Radiological • Chemical elements • Unstable atom that can emit ionizing radiations • e.g. cesium , plutonium , uranium Chemical • Elements or compounds • Man made or natural • e.g. humans or animal drugs , toxins produced by bacteria pesticides
- 4. Biological • Organisms in water • Microbes or microbiological contaminants a. Bacteria b. Viruses c. Protozoans d. Parasites
- 5. How to check water contaminants ? •Water test kits •Hand-held digital instruments •Color disc kits •BOD, COD , TOC
- 6. How to check water contaminants ? • Nuisance Bacteria Testing • Pathogenic bacterial and viral testing • Granular activated carbon and aeration devices
- 7. Arsenic in Lahore drinking water •According to the WHO’s guidelines •Arsenic is carcinogenic contaminant its permissible limit is 10 -50ppb •In 2016 , the arsenic level has increased to 40-80ppb •Atomic Absorption Spectrometer used for analysis •50% samples contain arsenic Causes Cancer Organ damage Heart diseases Foot lesions
- 9. Treatment August 12, 2016 • 1,000 arsenic removal filtration plants were installed in Lahore • Two effective techniques are in practice to eliminate arsenic Reverse osmosis Which is not feasible everywhere High energy consumption and water wastage Arsenic removal filter More efficient and feasible Not being manufactured in Pakistan
- 10. Water borne diseases due to microbes in potable water, River Ravi 17 June 2011 50 household samples collected 46 (92%) contaminated 4 (8%) fit for drinking Diarrhea and vomiting Skin problems
- 11. Tested coliforms
- 12. Results 46 samples 4 samples Fit for drinking No coliforms Contaminated 11-180 Coliforms
- 13. Gastroenteritis in Pakistan due to norovirus •Basic mode is water and food •In five cities including Lahore •20 January , 2015 •563 samples of hospitalized children •40% due to norovirus •2nd largest contributor of gastroenteritis in children
- 14. Testing • Water samples tested • Rt PCR • Serological testing • Vaccination not available