Functions of management

Functions of Management
Prepared by : Engr. S. M. Yousuf. Qasim
Registration No : 102-S16-306
Subject : Principle of Management
Submitted To : Sir Faisal Saleem
Nazeer Hussain University
1

What is Management
 Management has been described as a social process involving responsibility for
economical and effective planning & regulation of operation of an enterprise in
the fulfillment of given purposes. It is a dynamic process consisting of various
elements and activities. These activities are different from operative functions
like marketing, finance, purchase etc. Rather these activities are common to each
and every manger irrespective of his level or status.
 Different experts have classified functions of management. According to George
& Jerry, “There are four fundamental functions of management i.e. planning,
organizing, actuating and controlling”.
 According to Henry Fayol, “To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to
command, & to control”. Whereas Luther Gullick has given a keyword
’POSDCORB’ where P stands for Planning, O for Organizing, S for Staffing, D
for Directing, Co for Co-ordination, R for reporting & B for Budgeting. But the
most widely accepted are functions of management given by KOONTZ and
O’DONNEL i.e. Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling.
 For theoretical purposes, it may be convenient to separate the function of
management but practically these functions are overlapping in nature i.e. they
are highly inseparable. Each function blends into the other & each affects the
performance of others.
2

Planning
It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future
course of action & deciding in advance the most appropriate course of
actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. According to KOONTZ,
“Planning is deciding in advance - what to do, when to do & how to do. It
bridges the gap from where we are & where we want to be”. A plan is a
future course of actions. It is an exercise in problem solving & decision
making. Planning is determination of courses of action to achieve desired
goals. Thus, planning is a systematic thinking about ways & means for
accomplishment of pre-determined goals. Planning is necessary to ensure
proper utilization of human & non-human resources. It is all pervasive, it
is an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion,
uncertainties, risks, wastages etc.
3

Organizing
 It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and
human resources and developing productive relationship amongst
them for achievement of organizational goals. According to Henry
Fayol, “To organize a business is to provide it with everything
useful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and
personnel’s”. To organize a business involves determining &
providing human and non-human resources to the organizational
structure. Organizing as a process involves:
 Identification of activities.
 Classification of grouping of activities.
 Assignment of duties.
 Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility.
 Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.
4

Staffing
It is the function of manning the organization structure and
keeping it manned. Staffing has assumed greater importance in
the recent years due to advancement of technology, increase in
size of business, complexity of human behavior etc. The main
purpose o staffing is to put right man on right job i.e. square
pegs in square holes and round pegs in round holes. According
to Kootz & O’Donell, “Managerial function of staffing
involves manning the organization structure through proper
and effective selection, appraisal & development of personnel
to fill the roles designed un the structure”. Staffing involves:
Manpower Planning (estimating man power in terms of
searching, choose the person and giving the right place).
Recruitment, Selection & Placement.
Training & Development.
Remuneration
Performance Appraisal
Promotions & Transfer.
5

Leading
 It is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational
methods to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes. It is
considered life-spark of the enterprise which sets it in motion the action of
people because planning, organizing and staffing are the mere preparations
for doing the work. Direction is that inert-personnel aspect of management
which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-
ordinate for the achievement of organizational goals. Direction has
following elements:
 Supervision
 Motivation
 Leadership
 Communication
 Supervision- implies overseeing the work of subordinates by their
superiors. It is the act of watching & directing work & workers.
 Motivation- means inspiring, stimulating or encouraging the sub-ordinates
with zeal to work. Positive, negative, monetary, non-monetary incentives
may be used for this purpose.
 Leadership- may be defined as a process by which manager guides and
influences the work of subordinates in desired direction.
 Communications- is the process of passing information, experience,
opinion etc. from one person to another. It is a bridge of understanding.
6

Controlling
 It implies measurement of accomplishment against the standards and
correction of deviation if any to ensure achievement of organizational goals.
The purpose of controlling is to ensure that everything occurs in
conformities with the standards. An efficient system of control helps to
predict deviations before they actually occur. According to Theo Haimann,
“Controlling is the process of checking whether or not proper progress is
being made towards the objectives and goals and acting if necessary, to
correct any deviation”. According to Koontz & O’Donell “Controlling is the
measurement & correction of performance activities of subordinates in order
to make sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to obtain them
as being accomplished”. Therefore controlling has following steps:
 Establishment of standard performance.
 Measurement of actual performance.
 Comparison of actual performance with the standards and finding out
deviation if any.
 Corrective action.
7

For Any Query Feel Free To Contact : +92-314-2581457
Email : Yousuf.Qasim@nhu.edu.pk Info@farhatandco.com.pk
Follow me on LinkedIn :-Yousufqasim@live.com
Facebook :- www.facebook.com/FarhatCompany
Website :- www.farhatandco.com.pk
Gmail/twitter/Tumbler/Instagram :- smyousufqasim@gmail.com
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Functions of management

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