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Fundamentals of
Computer Programming
Summary of Key Concepts
Chere L. (M.Tech)
Lecturer, SWEG, AASTU
Chapter One
Basic Concepts of Programming
Chapter 1
2
Outline
 Basics of Program Development
 What is computer programming?
 Reasons to study programming
 An Overview of Program Development Life Cycle
 Problem Solving Skills
 Algorithm Design using flow chart and Pseudo codes
 Programming Languages Generations
 Programming Languages Paradigms
Chapter 1
3
Chapter Two
Basic Programming Constructors
Chapter 1
4
Outline
 Structure (Anatomy) of C++ program
 Preprocessor and library functions
 main() function
 Statement and Block
 Compilation Process and running programs:
 Basic Elements of program (Syntax and Semantics)
 Input/output standards
 Variables and Data types, Constants
 Operators and expression
 Debugging and Programming Errors
 Formatting Program {Comment, braces, Indentation and White space}
 Formatted Input-Output
Chapter 2
5
Chapter Three
Program Flow Control
Chapter 1
6
 Introduction to flow controls
 Branching flow controls (selection statements)
 One-way selection
 Two-way selection
 Multiple selection
 switch statement
 Iterative flow controls (Looping statements)
 for loop
 while loop
 do . . . while loop
 Jumping statements
- break statement, continue statement, goto statement
 Program termination statements (return, exit, abort)
Outline
Chapter Four
Array and String
Chapter 1
8
 Introduction to array - foundation Concepts
 Array Declaration
 One Dimension Array and Two Dimension Array
 Array Initialization (During declaration and After declaration)
 One Dimension Array and Two Dimension Array
 Accessing Array Elements
 Assignment, Copying, Input/Output, and Other Array
manipulation
 An Overview of Strings
 String Declaration and Initialization
 String Manipulation
 I/O operation, Copying, Compare, Concatenate, Case
conversion, string length, string search, string replace, string
remove etc.
Outline
Chapter Five
Pointers
Chapter 1
10
Outline
▪ Variables in a Memory
▪ Basics of Pointers
▪ What is pointer?
▪ Why pointers
▪ Pointer Declaration
▪ Pointers Initialization
▪ Pointer Operators (& and *)
▪ Types of Pointers
 NULL Pointer
 Void pointers
 Pointers of Pointer
 Dangling Pointers
 Wild Pointers
▪ Pointers Expression
 Pointers Arithmetic
 Pointers Comparison
▪ Pointers and Constants
▪ Pointers and Arrays/Strings
▪ Pointers with Function
 Parameter pass-by-address
 Pointer as return type/value
▪ Dynamic Memory Management
 Memory Allocation (new)
 Memory Allocation (delete)
▪ Smart Pointers (new)
Chapter 5 11
Chapter Six
Function
Chapter 1
12
 Function Declaration and Definition (prototype)
 Type of functions (built in and user-defined)
 Function Calling and return value
 Calling by (variable, constant, literal, other function)
 Return value (variable, literal, expression, other function)
 Function Parameter
 Syntax (formal syntax and informal/unusual style )
 Types of Parameter (Actual parameters and formal
parameters)
 Parameter passing (by value, reference, pointer)
 Default parameter (order of parameter will matter)
Outline
Parameter pass
by pointer will
discussed in later
chapter
 Categories of user-defined functions (based on return value &
parameters)
 Function Overloading
 Variable scope (local & global) & resolution operator
 Special types of function
 Inline function
 Recursive function (factorial, Fibonacci series, binary search,
Euclidean algorithm)
 Function with array
 Calling function with array elements
 Passing Array as parameter (formal and actual parameter)
1D &2D
 Array as a return
Outline
Chapter Seven
Structure
Chapter 1
15
 Introduction to User Defined Data type (structure)
 Defining structure (with tag and without tag)
 Declaring structure variable
 At the time of defining structures {definition + declaration}
 After defining the structures
 Initializing structure elements
 While you defining the structures {definition + declaration
+ initialization}
 During structure variable declaration {declaration +
initialization}
 Accessing structure elements
 Array inside structure (as structure element)
 Nested structure
 Defining structure within structure
 Using structure variable other structure definition
Outline
 Array of structure
 Structure with function
 Structure variable as parameters
 Returning structure variable
 Other user defined data type
 Class and Object
 Anonymous unions (union)
 Enumerated types (enum)
 Typedef
Outline
Chapter Eight
File Handling
Chapter 1
18
 An Overview File Management
• Types of file - text and binary file
• Declaration of file stream object
• Opening and closing files
• Reading from and Writing to files
 Text files
 Binary files
• File modes
• File functions
• Files offset
• Files access methods
 Sequential access
 Random access
Outline
Chapter Nine
Templates and Vectors
Chapter 1
20
 An Overview File Management
Outline
Thank You
For Your Attention!!
22

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Fundamentals of Computer Programming in C++ Key Concepts

  • 1. Fundamentals of Computer Programming Summary of Key Concepts Chere L. (M.Tech) Lecturer, SWEG, AASTU
  • 2. Chapter One Basic Concepts of Programming Chapter 1 2
  • 3. Outline  Basics of Program Development  What is computer programming?  Reasons to study programming  An Overview of Program Development Life Cycle  Problem Solving Skills  Algorithm Design using flow chart and Pseudo codes  Programming Languages Generations  Programming Languages Paradigms Chapter 1 3
  • 4. Chapter Two Basic Programming Constructors Chapter 1 4
  • 5. Outline  Structure (Anatomy) of C++ program  Preprocessor and library functions  main() function  Statement and Block  Compilation Process and running programs:  Basic Elements of program (Syntax and Semantics)  Input/output standards  Variables and Data types, Constants  Operators and expression  Debugging and Programming Errors  Formatting Program {Comment, braces, Indentation and White space}  Formatted Input-Output Chapter 2 5
  • 6. Chapter Three Program Flow Control Chapter 1 6
  • 7.  Introduction to flow controls  Branching flow controls (selection statements)  One-way selection  Two-way selection  Multiple selection  switch statement  Iterative flow controls (Looping statements)  for loop  while loop  do . . . while loop  Jumping statements - break statement, continue statement, goto statement  Program termination statements (return, exit, abort) Outline
  • 8. Chapter Four Array and String Chapter 1 8
  • 9.  Introduction to array - foundation Concepts  Array Declaration  One Dimension Array and Two Dimension Array  Array Initialization (During declaration and After declaration)  One Dimension Array and Two Dimension Array  Accessing Array Elements  Assignment, Copying, Input/Output, and Other Array manipulation  An Overview of Strings  String Declaration and Initialization  String Manipulation  I/O operation, Copying, Compare, Concatenate, Case conversion, string length, string search, string replace, string remove etc. Outline
  • 11. Outline ▪ Variables in a Memory ▪ Basics of Pointers ▪ What is pointer? ▪ Why pointers ▪ Pointer Declaration ▪ Pointers Initialization ▪ Pointer Operators (& and *) ▪ Types of Pointers  NULL Pointer  Void pointers  Pointers of Pointer  Dangling Pointers  Wild Pointers ▪ Pointers Expression  Pointers Arithmetic  Pointers Comparison ▪ Pointers and Constants ▪ Pointers and Arrays/Strings ▪ Pointers with Function  Parameter pass-by-address  Pointer as return type/value ▪ Dynamic Memory Management  Memory Allocation (new)  Memory Allocation (delete) ▪ Smart Pointers (new) Chapter 5 11
  • 13.  Function Declaration and Definition (prototype)  Type of functions (built in and user-defined)  Function Calling and return value  Calling by (variable, constant, literal, other function)  Return value (variable, literal, expression, other function)  Function Parameter  Syntax (formal syntax and informal/unusual style )  Types of Parameter (Actual parameters and formal parameters)  Parameter passing (by value, reference, pointer)  Default parameter (order of parameter will matter) Outline Parameter pass by pointer will discussed in later chapter
  • 14.  Categories of user-defined functions (based on return value & parameters)  Function Overloading  Variable scope (local & global) & resolution operator  Special types of function  Inline function  Recursive function (factorial, Fibonacci series, binary search, Euclidean algorithm)  Function with array  Calling function with array elements  Passing Array as parameter (formal and actual parameter) 1D &2D  Array as a return Outline
  • 16.  Introduction to User Defined Data type (structure)  Defining structure (with tag and without tag)  Declaring structure variable  At the time of defining structures {definition + declaration}  After defining the structures  Initializing structure elements  While you defining the structures {definition + declaration + initialization}  During structure variable declaration {declaration + initialization}  Accessing structure elements  Array inside structure (as structure element)  Nested structure  Defining structure within structure  Using structure variable other structure definition Outline
  • 17.  Array of structure  Structure with function  Structure variable as parameters  Returning structure variable  Other user defined data type  Class and Object  Anonymous unions (union)  Enumerated types (enum)  Typedef Outline
  • 19.  An Overview File Management • Types of file - text and binary file • Declaration of file stream object • Opening and closing files • Reading from and Writing to files  Text files  Binary files • File modes • File functions • Files offset • Files access methods  Sequential access  Random access Outline
  • 20. Chapter Nine Templates and Vectors Chapter 1 20
  • 21.  An Overview File Management Outline
  • 22. Thank You For Your Attention!! 22