The syllabus covers the basics of C programming over 5 modules. Module 1 introduces computer hardware, software, algorithms and pseudocode. Module 2 covers basic C program structure, data types, operators, and control flow statements. Module 3 discusses arrays, strings, and examples like linear search and bubble sort. Module 4 introduces functions, parameters, and structs. Module 5 covers pointers, files, and examples using pointers and file handling functions. The syllabus concludes with textbook recommendations.