Fundamentals of news
- 2. 1. News for Once only; Radio news bulletin goes on air once only. That is why the radio news must be written in such a way that the listener may be able to understand and grasp the contents of the news when he/she listens to it.
- 3. 2. Language; Radio is a verbal communication medium and the language to be used for knitting radio content must be spoken, easy and ordinary or familiar conversation; not formal or literary.
- 4. 3. Avoid Written Expression; Convert Direct Speech into Indirect speech Like ‘‘The government,’’ said the opposition leader, ‘‘had created the problems.’’ it should be like, The opposition leader said that the government had created the problems.
- 5. Avoid Literary Expression; Literary expression has its own tone is different from journalistic language so must not be used for print or electronic media. Literary Expression Kuchh huvaa yoon k donon kaideen ki mulakat Karachi mein hui. Expression for Radio Dono kaideen ki mulakat Karachi mein hui
- 6. 5. Avoid Inverted Sentences Because of heavy rainfall, which came yesterday, the city life was jammed. Radio Expression Yesterday it rained heavily and it jammed the city life.
- 7. 6. Avoid Parenthesis A man, basically a taxi driver, overran a pedestrian. Radio Expression A taxi driver overran a pedestrian. 7. Avoid Jargons Jargons are specific terms and terminologies which only the experts or the related people of a field can understand. Since radio addresses an ordinary person as well so chances are there that an ordinary person may not get the meaning of the word.
- 8. 8. Use familiar words Heavy vocabulary is not encouraged. A good news writer, especially when writing for radio, must avoid using difficult words and replace them with easy ones. 9. Abbreviations • Avoid abbreviations especially names of the states, countries, religious titles, months, military designations, holy books etc. For instance, LHR (Lahore), PUN (Punjab), C-in-C (Commander in Chief) • If necessary write with hyphens. F-B-I , U-N, C-N-N, B-B-C • Don’t use symbols. “#” for number, “&” for and, “@” for at 10. Capitalization Capitalize generously especially all proper nouns, anything that is important
- 9. 11. Avoid Punctuations. when you are writing for radio you must avoid supplying the sentence with commas and full stops. / one slash denotes a pause. // two slashes denote full stop. 12. Figures. Write figures in words. 30,00,000 ---30 Lacs/ thirty lacs, 5400 --5 thousand 4 hundred Avoid using complex numbers but give round figures. 84850------------------------------------ Almost 85 thousand 9.8 million-------------------------------Nearly 10 million 59 years, 7 months & 80 days -------almost 60 years 13. Avoid portraying gender difference Policemen----police officers. Firemen----fire fighters.
- 10. THANK YOU