FUNDAMENTALS PPT OF ENGINEERING IN AI AND ML
- 2. WHAT IS A FILE? A file is a collection of records. Data or applications can be stored in files. There are two types of files: simple and complex. Both the operating system and the software that creates the file decide the structure of the file. Files are kept in a file system, which can be found on a disc, tape, or main memory. File entries or attributes include file name, file type, location, size, protection/permission, timestamp, ownership, and directory information.
- 3. 1.Organization: A file system allows files to be organized into directories and subdirectories, making it easier to manage and locate files. 2.Data protection: File systems often include features such as file and folder permissions, backup and restore, and error detection and correction, to protect data from loss or corruption. 3.Improved performance: A well-designed file system can improve the performance of reading and writing data by organizing it efficiently on disk. The advantages of using a file system
- 4. WHAT IS A DIRECTORY? A directory is a container that is used to contain folders and files. It organizes files and folders in a hierarchical manner.
- 5. Types of directory structures • Single-Level Directory Structure. • Two-Level Directory Structure. • Tree-Structured Directory. • Acyclic-Graph Directory Structure. • General-Graph Directory Structure
- 6. 1) Single-level directory: • The single-level directory is the simplest directory structure. In it, all files are contained in the same directory which makes it easy to support and understand. • Since all the files are in the same directory, they must have a unique name. If two users call their dataset test, then the unique name rule violated.
- 7. 2) Two-level directory In the two-level directory structure, each user has their own user files directory (UFD). The UFDs have similar structures, but each lists only the files of a single use. The main advantage is there can be more than two files with same name, and would be very helpful if there are multiple users.
- 8. 3) Tree Structure/ Hierarchical Structure • Tree directory structure of operating system is most commonly used in our personal computers. User can create files and subdirectories too. • This directory structure resembles a real tree upside down, where the root directory is at the peak. This root contains all the directories for each user. The users can create subdirectories and even store files in their directory.
- 9. 4) Acyclic Graph Structure In acyclic graph directory structure, where a file in one directory can be accessed from multiple directories. In this way, the files could be shared in between the users. It is designed in a way that multiple directories point to a particular directory or file with the help of links.
- 10. 5) General-Graph Directory Structure When general graph directories are allowed, commands like, search a directory and its subdirectories, must be used with caution. If cycles are allowed, the search is infinite. The biggest issue with this type of directory layout is figuring out how much space the files and folders have used up.