future-of-work-report-ai-november-2023.pdf

Future of
Work Report
November 2023
AI at Work

Executive summary 3
Professionals are increasingly exploring and applying to AI-related roles 5
Generative artificial intelligence in the workforce: Bringing opportunities across
education, generations, genders, and industries 11
Executives and employees express excitement, anxiousness about AI 18
How LinkedIn can help 23
Methodology and credits 30
Table of contents:

3
Executive summary
Professionals and business leaders around the world are asking how
artificial intelligence (AI) may change work, and they’re coming to LinkedIn
to deepen their understanding and share what they’re learning. That’s why
we’re releasing our second Future of Work Report: AI at Work, which this
report builds on our first report released in August 2023. It is designed to be a
resource for professionals and business leaders who want to understand how
AI is evolving and how it will impact them, their businesses, and careers.
This report is grounded in our world-class labor market insights, pulled from
the one billion professionals and 67 million companies on our platform.
Here are the three main takeaways from the report.
Professionals’ conversations and sentiments towards AI: Over the past
year, AI has rapidly become a part of the cultural and business zeitgeist.
On LinkedIn, we’ve seen conversations around AI increase by 70% and
have also observed substantial increases in terms like “ChatGPT,” “Prompt
Engineering,” “Prompt Crafting,” “Microsoft Copilot,” and “Generative
Artificial Intelligence” on member profiles globally. Sentiment around
generative AI (GAI) is largely optimistic, with 74% of executives believing that
GAI will benefit their employees, and 47% of professionals globally believing
that AI will help them move their careers forward by providing faster access
to knowledge and insights. Plus, companies are investing in AI talent; the
number of companies with a “Head of AI” position has grown by double-digits
since December 2022.
GAI by education, generation, and gender: We are in a period of rapid and
continuous change in the skills required to perform our jobs. Insights from
LinkedIn’s Economic Graph Research Institute suggest that more than half
of LinkedIn members hold jobs that stand to be disrupted or augmented by
AI, and the skill sets required for our jobs will change by up to 65% by 2030.
What’s more, professionals with advanced degrees, Gen Z, and women stand
to see their jobs change faster than other professionals. We believe that AI
has the potential to help reset and rebuild systems across education and
employment so that workers are more equitably prepared for the workforce
and more objectively matched with and evaluated for opportunity.
LinkedIn’s AI-assisted products will create more value for members
and customers: While AI has long been embedded in our products and
platform, we’re continuing to build new ways to bring the power of GAI to
serve professionals in this rapidly changing environment. We’re helping make
recruiters’ jobs easier with AI-assisted job descriptions and our new AI-assisted
Recruiter 2024. The same is true for job seekers; we want to be more helpful

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during the job-seeking process. We are testing new AI-powered insights and
recommendations for Premium subscribers to help them gain the knowledge,
skills, and insight to land the right job more easily and efficiently. At LinkedIn,
we are building products that help professionals and businesses reap the
benefits of AI and create new economic opportunities for every member of the
global workforce.
As AI evolves the workforce, we will provide regular data updates and
thoughtful perspectives on how AI and AI-powered technologies, such as
Copilot for Microsoft 365, are growing across the world of work and how jobs
will no longer only be defined by titles but by a collection of skills and tasks. As
the world’s largest professional network, LinkedIn is in a unique position to help
the world’s professionals take advantage of the opportunity to not only shape
this new era but benefit from it.

5
Professionals are increasingly
exploring and applying to
AI-related roles

6
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In this second report, we examined global data on our platform from December
2022 to September 2023. Conversations around AI on LinkedIn have
increased by 70% globally since GAI sparked in popularity.This is significant,
particularly when compared to other recent seminal tech moments, like the
peak of conversations around cryptocurrency in November 2021 (which saw
a 19% increase) and augmented and virtual reality, which experienced a 5%
increase when it first peaked in October 2021. While AI and GAI technologies
remain novel for many, these conversations are top of mind across genders,
generations, occupations, and industries.
Men:
Women:
Other / Unknown:
Professional services:
Tech:
Education:
Millennials:
GenZ:
GenX:
Boomers:
Executives:
Engineers:
58%
31%
29%
45%
21%
18%
11%
17%
9%
26%
4%
15%
Global conversations on AI are being driven by:
Top Industries:
Generations:
Gender:1
Occupations:
1. While we acknowledge that gender is a spectrum, due to data limitations we restrict our analysis
to the binary classification of men and women.
Glossary
• AI Talent: Members who are employed in an AI-related job or with
at least one AI skill.
• AI Skills: There are 41,000 skills in LinkedIn’s skills taxonomy,
with 121 considered AI skills, including machine learning, natural
language processing, and deep learning.

• AI Jobs and AI-Related Jobs: Jobs that have AI or Machine
Learning in their job title and/or as part of their required skills.
In this report, we use the term “AI jobs” to refer to technical jobs
(e.g. Machine Learning Engineer). “AI-related jobs” refer to
non-technical jobs (e.g. Salesperson who knows how to use AI
products) that have AI in their title or ask for AI skills.
• AI-Literacy: Having an understanding of how to leverage AI tools
for business purposes.

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At the same time that AI conversations are spiking on the
platform, we’re also seeing member interest in AI jobs
increase. From December 2022 to September 2023,
views forAI and AI-related jobs — those jobs that have
AI or Machine Learning in their titles and/or require AI
Skills — increased by 12% across seven major economies
(Australia, Brazil, France, Germany, India, the United
Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US)).Applications
to AI and AI-related job postings have seen similar growth,
up 11% globally during the same time period. Interest is
particularly high in the US, where views and applications
of AI jobs increased by 21% and 19%, respectively, since
December 2022.
Share
of
growth
Countries
United Brazil
States
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
12%
11%
Australia France Germany India
United
Kingdom
Growth in share of AI job views Growth in share of AI job applications
Average Average
21%
19%
18%
15%
12%
14%
12%
16%
10%
7%
6%
4%
6%
5%
Source: LinkedIn Economic Graph Research Institute
Views ofAI and AI-related jobs are on the rise

8
Now that we’ve looked at how interest in AI is rising, we turn our analysis to
the availability of AI jobs on LinkedIn. Currently, 17 out of every 1,000 LinkedIn
members who are employed in an AI job or who have at least one AI skill are
considered AI talent. We believe that number will continue to climb as companies
integrate AI jobs into their organizations.AI jobs are becoming more common.
Since November 2022, English-language job postings mentioning GPT or
ChatGPT have increased 21X.
Since Jan 2023 there has been a 60% month-over-month
increase in GAI and GAI-product mentions on LinkedIn
including GAI products, such as Copilot for Microsoft 365.
LinkedIn job posts that mention AI or GAI have seen 17%
greater application growth over the past two years than
job posts with no such mentions.
Source: LinkedIn 2023 Global Talent Trends
Joseph Baker . 3rd
Natalie Eliott . 3rd
Generative Artificial Intelligence
ChatGPT, Prompt Crafting
Messa
ge
Messa
ge

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Professional Services, Financial Services, and Manufacturing were the industries
with the greatest demand for talent with AI skill and AI-literacy across the seven
countries we analyzed.
Companies are looking to hire professionals with AI skills across both technical
and non-technical roles. Although demand for AI skills in technical roles like
Software Engineer, Data Scientist, and Machine Learning Engineer has steadily
risen since December 2022, companies are increasingly looking to integrate
professionals with AI literacy into non-technical roles like Supply Chain Specialist,
Sustainability Manager, and Sales Manager.The diffusion of AI talent and skills
across global economies will continue to increase as more companies embrace
AI across their workflows.
While many AI jobs require AI skills like Machine Learning, Deep Learning,
and Data Structures, most of those roles require a mix of AI and non-AI skills
(people and digital skills). People skills include communication, leadership, and
organizational skills. In some non-English-speaking countries, English proficiency
is a key skill to perform AI and/or AI-related jobs. However, as AI skills continue to
diffuse across non-English speaking countries, we could see an increase in new
AI-powered tools and technologies.
Balancing AI skills with people skills is critical to career growth.Tech
professionals who have developed one or more of these people skills —
communication, teamwork, problem-solving, or leadership — in addition
to hard skills get promoted more than 13% faster than employees who
only have hard skills.
Australia 1. Professional Services
2. Administrative and Support Services
3. Government Administration
4. Manufacturing
5. Retail
Brazil 1. Professional Services
2. Technology, Information, and Media
4. Manufacturing
5. Financial Services
France 1. Professional Services
3. Manufacturing
5. Government Administration
Germany 1. Professional Services
3. Manufacturing
India 1. Professional Services
5. Manufacturing
UK 1. Administrative and Support Services
2. Professional Services
4. Manufacturing
US 1. Professional Services
3. Retail
4. Manufacturing
Country Industry
Top industries demanding AI-related roles since December 2022

10
The need for people skills to complement AI skills indicates that while
professionals need to learn AI skills, continuing to hone people skills should
also be a priority.As jobs change with the incorporation of AI and become a
collection of skills and tasks, workers will be more productive and spend less
time on repetitive tasks, making unique people skills like leadership and creativity
even more valuable. If professionals combine AI skills with people skills, they will
stay competitive in a job market that will increasingly value skills that AI cannot
reproduce.
Historically, jobs were defined by titles. But the smart companies are realizing
they need to start defining jobs as a collection of skills and tasks, not simply titles.
Then start thinking about how those tasks are going to change as AI continues to
advance, and then what new skills we require to succeed.
“
”
Ryan Roslansky, CEO, LinkedIn
Talent Connect, October 3, 2023
Globally, the number of companies with
a “Head ofAI” position has more than
tripled in the past 5 years, and has grown
by 13% since December 2022.
Country
Australia
Brazil
France
Germany
India
UK
US
Non-AI Skills (People and Digital) AI Skills
Most in-demand skills in AI and AI-related job postings since December 2022

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Generative artificial intelligence in
the workforce: Bringing opportunities
across education levels, generations,
genders, and industries

12
Insulated
45%
Augmented
8%
Disrupted
47%
Glossary
Augmented: These jobs’ core skills include a large share of both skills
that can be replicated by GAI and people skills. For example, data
analysts automate the computation and interpretation of metrics with
GAI, enabling them to focus their time on people skills, such as cross-
functional engagement and stakeholder management.
Disrupted: These jobs’ core skills include a large share of skills that
can be replicated by GAI and a relatively low share of people skills. For
example, language translators’ skills shift from doing translations from
scratch to reviewing and certifying machine-generated translations or
specializing in specific legal or literary domains.
Insulated: These jobs have a relatively small proportion of skills that
GAI can replicate in their core skills. For example, real estate agents
might utilize GAI to write a listing’s description, but their core relationship
management skills would be insulated from GAI.
As seen on LinkedIn, we’ve entered a period of rapid and continuous change
from jobs defined by titles to jobs defined by a collection of skills and tasks.
Insights from LinkedIn’s Economic Graph Research Institute suggest that today,
55% of LinkedIn members globally stand to be disrupted or augmented by
GAI, and the skill sets required for our jobs will change by an average of 65%
by 2030. For example, a customer service representative may be required to
understand how to use AI tools to quickly draft responses to customer inquiries,
freeing up time for other important tasks.
While we know that across the global economy, more than half (55%) of
LinkedIn members’ jobs will be changed to some degree by the rise of GAI,
we also know that some professionals will be impacted more significantly
than others.
Technological inflection points, such as the one we are currently experiencing
with GAI, often result in widespread adoption and impact across entire
economies over time. Until new jobs directly related to these emerging
technologies arise, the most immediate impact will likely be on transforming
roles that will continue to exist but must evolve with AI in mind.
“
”
Karin Kimbrough, LinkedIn’s Chief Economist
GAI’s expected effect on LinkedIn members’ skills, globally

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Associate Degree
Global
Exposure
Education
Bachelors Degree
Graduate Degree
High School
Diploma or less
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Share of Exposure
Augmented Disrupted Insulated
Professionals with bachelor’s and graduate degrees will be most
disrupted by GAI
GAI across education
In the past, having a degree was sufficient to carry a professional through their
career, but that is no longer the case. As new GAI-powered technologies are
introduced and required skills change rapidly, professionals must continuously
update their skills throughout their careers. Globally, professionals with
bachelor’s and graduate degrees stand to see a slightly greater level of
disruption (55% and 52%, respectively) than professionals with high school
diplomas and associate degrees (50% and 47%, respectively), which suggest
that they may face relatively more urgency to adapt their skills by adopting AI
tools.This doesn’t mean that an advanced degree will no longer have value,
but developing AI literacy ultimately benefit all professionals and create new
pathways to opportunities.

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Global Exposure by Generation
0%
20%
40%
60%
1946-1964 (Boomers) 1965-1980 (Gen X) 1981-1996 (Millennials) 1997-2012 (Gen Z)
Share
of
Exposure
Gen Z, Millennials are most likely to see their jobs disrupted by GAI
GAI across generations
LinkedIn research suggests that the initial rise of AI will impact generations of
professionals differently, and Gen Z is the most likely to see some tasks in their
jobs disrupted by AI. This is likely because many of the skills that currently can
be replicated by GAI technologies — examples include administrative tasks
like note-taking, summarizing meetings, scheduling, and research — are often
tasks that fall to professionals in the earlier stages of their careers.
While Gen Z professionals might expect to see the most disruption in their
jobs relative to other generations, as digital natives, they’re the generation
closest to being AI literate. Gen Z’s comfort with technology and ability to
quickly adopt new tools will likely outweigh much of the higher impact they
face early in their careers.The rise of AI will likely make them more productive,
enable them to develop essential people skills, and reduce time spent on
administrative tasks — allowing them to spend time on more meaningful
work that will help them advance their careers.
Sums may not add up to 100% due to rounding.

15
15
15
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Female
Global Exposure by Gender
Share
of
Exposure
Male
Women are more likely to see their jobs disrupted byAI, according
to LinkedIn
GAI and gender
More than half of women (55%) and men (54%) around the world will see their
jobs disrupted or augmented by GAI. While the impact on women is slightly
higher, this is likely because women are overrepresented in occupations that
currently rely more intensively on skills that can be partially replicated by some
GAI technologies, like Medical Administrative Assistant, Office Manager, and
Legal Assistant.
As demand for AI skills and AI-literacy rises, demand for people skills is rising
alongside it. Skills like communication and flexibility will become even more
valuable as AI becomes more embedded in our workflows. A recent survey
found that 92% of US professionals agree that people skills are more important
than ever.This creates a particular moment of opportunity for women; research
shows that women tend to excel in people skills like communication, empathy,
organizational awareness, and technical skills. As companies increasingly look
for talent who can combine people skills with AI literacy and AI tools, it is likely
that more opportunities for women may become available.
Sums may not add up to 100% due to rounding.
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We all used to see career paths as linear, and are now recognizing that they
can also be a squiggly line filled with pivots. AI is only going to accelerate
this trend.
“
” Ryan Roslansky, CEO, LinkedIn
Redefining Work, August 15, 2023

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GAI across industries
In contrast to other recent technologies, like augmented and virtual reality
and blockchain, the transformative effect of GAI on the workforce is likely to
penetrate well beyond the technology industry. We’re already seeing most
industries hire AI-specialized talents, and we expect that as the power of AI
and GAI products like Copilot for Microsoft 365 and others continue to spread,
every industry will begin to integrate AI skills into their respective workforces.
LinkedIn data suggests that, globally, professionals in Technology, Information,
and Media (71%), Retail (71%), Wholesale (68%), Financial Services (66%),
and Professional Services (64%) are the most likely to see their roles disrupted
or augmented by GAI. Therefore, professionals in these industries are likely to
lead the adoption of AI literacy and hone their people skills.
One of the positives of the widespread adoption of GAI products across
industries is that it may create the potential for greater job mobility for
professionals across a wider array of industries. Professionals who embrace
AI-literacy will find that their knowledge and skills will become more
transferable, accelerating a trend that we’re already seeing of professionals
pivoting roles.
55% of LinkedIn members globally stand to see their jobs change
to some degree by the rise GAI.
The transformative effect of GAI on the workforce will have been seen
far beyond the Technology industry alone. Nearly every industry will be
impacted to some degree - most notably Retail, Wholesale, Financial
Services and Professional Services. As professionals continue to acquire AI
skills that will become increasingly transferable, this will open the doors
of professional mobility and accelerate the trend of professionals’ pivoting
roles and industries.
”
“
Karin Kimbrough, LinkedIn’s Chief Economist

17
Accommodation and
Food Services
Administrative and
Support Services
Construction
Consumer Services
Education
Entertainment Providers
Financial Services
Government
Administration
Hospitals and
Health Care
Manufacturing
Oil, Gas, and Mining
Professional Services
Real Estate and
Equipment Rental
Retail
Technology, Information
and Media
Transportation, Logistics,
and Supply Chain
Utilities
Wholesale
20%

40%

3%

60%
0% 80%
Global
Exposure
by
Industry
Augmented Disrupted
Share of Exposure
Insulated
GAI’s expected effect on LinkedIn members’ skills by industry, globally

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Executives and employees
express excitement, unease
about AI

19
19
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As more AI-assisted technologies — like Microsoft Copilot for Dynamics 365,
a suite of AI-powered business applications that help organizations optimize
their operations, sales, customer service, and marketing — become available,
executives are realizing their benefits and use cases in their businesses. As of
September 2023, 74% of US executives see at least one way GAI will benefit
their employees, according to the LinkedIn Executive Confidence Index.
52% 48%
The #1 way US execs think GAI will benefit employees
will be to “remove boring, repetitive tasks” with “increase
productivity” as a close #2.
New data from the Microsoft Work Trend Index shows the
productivity gains from generative AI tools like Microsoft
Copilot are real. Early users of Copilot for Microsoft 365
who’ve tried Copilot don’t want to go back to working
without it: 77% said they don’t want to give it up.Another
study showed that overall, [Copilot] users were 29% faster in
a series of tasks like searching, writing, and summarizing.
Generations: Workforce sentiment towards AI
The increase in conversation around AI has introduced a variety of attitudes
and expectations, and there are striking differences when we break down
these sentiments by generation. Notably, excitement for AI is particularly high
among Gen Zs and Millennials, who believe AI will help them progress in
their careers.
A recent LinkedIn survey revealed that 52% of Millennials and 48%
of Gen Z globally believe that AI will help move their career forward
by providing faster access to knowledge and insights, which will help
them be more confident at work.
of Millennials of Gen Z

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20
20
20
We’re also going to start to see employers become educators, ‘training to hire’ into
ever-changing jobs through onboardings, apprenticeships and academies, as well
as ‘training to promote’ into ever-changing roles through upskilling and tours of duty
that take employees into new functions and perhaps even new careers.
”
Ryan Roslansky, CEO, LinkedIn
Redefining Work, August 15, 2023
Gen Zs and Millennials feel more confident about AI helping move their
career forward and are more likely to engage in conversations about how
it will impact their jobs. The excitement and interest in AI among Gen Z is
uplifting when we consider that they face higher exposure to disruption from
AI-assisted technologies.
Despite reporting a high level of interest in learning AI skills relative to other
generations, Gen Z professionals report receiving less training and resources
on AI than their more senior counterparts.Taking steps now to experiment
with AI and acquire new skills will likely serve Gen Z professionals and
companies well, as AI becomes increasingly embedded in the fabric of
the workforce.
“
Country
UK 2.0x
India
Canada
Australia
US
Italy
Brazil
Spain
Gen Z are X times more likely than Gen X to want to learn AI skills
1.3x
1.3x
1.2x
1.1x
1.1x
0.9x
0.8x
Source: LinkedIn Market Research - Workforce Confidence Index (WCI) survey,June 2023

21
Gender: Workforce sentiment towards AI
Globally, both men and women feel equally overwhelmed (39%) by the
amount of change AI may bring to their jobs in the future, and amid these
feelings, two-thirds of professionals believe that AI will change the way they
work within the next year.
But, according to a recent LinkedIn survey, women report less experience,
awareness, and overall interest in AI than their male counterparts. Globally,
men are more likely than women to be interested in learning AI skills.
In addition, there’s also a mismatch in the pressure to adopt AI skills. Nearly
two-thirds (64%) of men in the US reported being worried that they should
know more about AI than they currently do, compared to just 45% of
US women.
40% of men globally say they’ve started experimenting with AI tools,
while only 34% of women globally say the same.
In the US, 52% of men say they’ve begun experimenting with AI tools,
compared to 31% of women.
34% 40%
of men globally
of women globally

22
22
22
Country
Italy 1.8x
UK
Spain
Brazil
France
Canada
Netherlands
US
Men are X times more likely than women to want to learn AI skills
1.8x
1.7x
1.6x
1.6x
1.5x
1.5x
1.5x
1.1x
Germany
Australia
Japan
India
1.4x
1.4x
1.3x
This mix of emotions towards AI creates many opportunities for employers to
focus on providing equitable access to AI-literacy resources and ensuring that
all of their employees are developing the right skills (both people and AI skills)
to navigate the changes that are already shaping the future of work.
Source: LinkedIn Market Research - Workforce Confidence Index (WCI) survey,June 2023

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Over the past 20 years, we’ve continued to evolve LinkedIn to meet the needs of
our 1 billion professionals and 67 million companies on our platform and in the
constantly changing workplace landscape.
We’re now navigating through another moment of change, where GAI has
the potential to boost global economies, create completely new roles, and
transform our jobs and how we do them. With the skills required to perform our
jobs changing, it’s our duty to equip professionals with the tools and knowledge
they need to begin exploring and embracing these new technologies in their
day-to-day jobs.
Professionals, hiring managers, and B2B customers
can all leverage LinkedIn’s new GAI tools

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At LinkedIn,AI is already built into our platform and the products our members
and customers use. Our efforts are grounded in our Responsible AI Principles —
fairness, inclusion, trust, transparency, accountability, and economic opportunity
— and in alignment with Microsoft Responsible AI Standard: they guide our work
and how we build AI into every one of our products.
AI is at our center of product development While AI is not new for us, we’re reimagining our member and customer
products with the power of GAI to:
• Help them more effectively connect to opportunities
• Showcase their expertise and skills
• Gain access to the knowledge they need to do their
jobs
• Find the right match between hirers and job seekers
• Save time and increase productivity
• Connect buyers and sellers faster
Whetheryou’re a professional looking to learn more about how you can
use AI in your current role, a job seeker looking foryour next play, a recruiter
looking to discover and connect with the world’s best talent or a B2B
professional trying to reach and engage with new audiences, LinkedIn is
developing and releasing GAI tools that can help you do your best work.
For our engineering teams, artificial intelligence (AI) is like oxygen - it powers
every product we build and every experience we deliver ... At the same time,
our approach to using AI is the same approach we take to any other new tool or
technology, we start by going back to our mission and vision. This guides us in the
tools and technologies we build, with a focus on delivering value to our members
and customers.
Mohak Shroff, Senior Vice President of Engineering, LinkedIn
AI @ LinkedIn - It’s All About Foundations,
March 8, 2023
“
”

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Here is how LinkedIn is leveraging GAI forour
members and customers:
Forhirers:
For talent acquisition leaders, finding qualified candidates fast is the top
priority. But getting to that perfect candidate is time-consuming and hard —
it can require hours of Boolean searches, emails, and follow-up messages.
We know that AI can help with some of these tasks. 80% of global HR
professionals believe that AI will be a tool to help them with their work over
the next five years.
That’s why we’re beginning to roll out Recruiter 2024, our new AI-assisted
recruiting experience that will make hiring easier and more efficient so talent
leaders can focus on the most strategic, people-centric work for their jobs.
And with the skills required to do our jobs expected to change by a
staggering 65% by 2030, we’re helping organizations give their teams
access to expert knowledge to develop skills that matter with AI-powered
coaching in LinkedIn Learning.This new feature will provide both real-time
advice and tailored content recommendations personalized to each learner
based on their job title, career goal, and the skills they follow.

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For B2B marketers, creating campaigns that reach and influence the right
buying committee is no easy task, especially when resources are tight.And
creating campaigns can often take hours, from developing creatives to
determining targeting, placement and bidding strategies. We know that 84%
of marketers believe artificial intelligence (AI) will support them with their work,
and saving time in the campaign creation process is a great place to start.
That’s why we’re piloting Accelerate, a new, automated B2B marketing
campaign creation experience powered byAI. In as little as five minutes,
Accelerate will recommend an end-to-end campaign and automatic
optimizations to reach the right B2B audience with engaging creatives, which
you can adjust and fine-tune before you launch your campaign.Accelerate
builds on our otherAI features, such as automated placement, which is already
delivering a 47% improvement in cost per conversion, and Predictive Audiences,
which is improving cost per lead by 21%.
For sales professionals, GAI can enable new ways of working that heighten
the importance of people-centric skills, helping to make B2B selling more
human than ever before. We’re reimagining how sellers can use Sales
Navigator with a pilot of two new GAI features – AI-assisted search and
Account IQ – that make account research and lead prospecting more
effective. With AI-assisted search, which includes a new GAI interface that
enables sellers to use our existing search functionality more efficiently by
entering casual, conversational language search prompts, sellers can better
find the type of leads they’re looking for. We’re also introducing Account
IQ, which helps sellers with the heavy lifting of account research by using
GAI to gather key information across different sources and create an easily
digestible summary directly in Sales Navigator.
Formarketers and sellers:

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Premium subscribers get access to valuable resources and tools to help
achieve their goals faster, and we’ve added more ways to supercharge these
efforts with generative AI. It’s often hard to capture your professional strengths
and unique capabilities in a compelling way. Now, with personalized writing
suggestions for Profile, our unique AI-powered tool pulls from existing content
on a member’s profile to provide a draft highlight of their skills and experience,
helping to craft a stronger Profile section faster.As always, we encourage our
members to edit the generated content before posting. We’ve also recently
added a new way to solve the blank page problem and help our members put
their best foot forward when reaching out to hiring managers with AI-powered
personalized writing suggestions.This pulls information from LinkedIn Profiles
and job descriptions to create a draft personalized message — saving your
time for what matters most: job seeking
We’re also testing new AI-powered takeaways and recommendations for
Premium subscribers to help them stay informed, grow their skills, and land
the right job more easily and efficiently. For example, subscribers will be
able to see personalized key takeaways on Feed posts that could reveal
opportunities and suggest advice on how the information could help
them grow in their career. Within job postings,AI-powered advice will help
members better assess potential fit for a job, learn more about a company,
and provide recommendations on how to stand out best.
ForPremium subscribers:

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As AI skills increase in demand, so do the people skills that complement
them. LinkedIn Learning offers thousands of courses that hone critical
people skills like time management, flexibility, and leadership.Through
December 15, 2023, LinkedIn is offering free access to the most popular
AI courses on LinkedIn Learning, including How to Research and Write
Using Generative AI Tools, Generative AI for Business Leaders, and more.
Starting in June 2023, Microsoft and LinkedIn made available the first
professional certificate in Generative AI, free through 2025, to ensure
widespread access to the skills and knowledge necessary to incorporate
this technology into the future of work seamlessly.These courses are
designed with professionals and business leaders in mind.They not only
provide knowledge and boost AI literacy but also help equip all learners
with the tools necessary to be successful at work in the age of AI.
AI brings a lot of excitement and trepidation to professionals and business
leaders — and that’s OK. It’s an exciting time of change, and we’ve only
begun to scratch the surface of what’s possible with AI.As the intersection
of AI and work continues to take shape, professionals and business leaders
can rely on LinkedIn to equip them with the knowledge and resources to
help them stay ahead of the curve and connect them to opportunities.

31
AI Skills
LinkedIn members self-report their skills on their LinkedIn profiles. Currently, more
than 41,000 distinct, standardized skills are identified by LinkedIn.These have
been coded and classified by taxonomists at LinkedIn into 249 skill groupings,
which are the skill groups represented in the dataset. We track 121 AI skills, and
the top skills that make up the AI skill grouping are machine learning, natural
language processing, data structures,AI, computer vision, image processing,
deep learning,TensorFlow, Pandas (software), and OpenCV, among others.
AITalent
Members whose job title includes AI or have at least one AI skill on their profiles.
AIJobs andAI-related jobs
Jobs with AI or Machine Learning in their job title and/or as part of their required
skills. In this report, we use the term “AI jobs” to refer to technical jobs (e.g.
Machine Learning Engineer) and AI-related jobs to refer to non-technical jobs
(e.g. salesperson knowing how to use AI products).
Views ofAI andAI-related jobs
This metric is computed based on jobseeker activity on LinkedIn from December
2022 to September 2023, comparing it to the same period in the previous year.
AI Conversations
LinkedIn researchers conducted a global analysis of posts on LinkedIn from
December 2022 to September 2023, comparing it to the same period in
the previous year in three steps. First, it identifies posts containing AI-related
keywords (“AI,”“Artificial Intelligence,” and “Machine Learning”) in multiple
languages, including English, German, French, Spanish, and Portuguese.
Second, it computes the share of AI-related posts as a percentage of all posts.
And third, it calculates year-over-year growth. Results focused on Australia,
Brazil, France, Germany, India, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
They were segmented by selected member characteristics, such as gender,
age generation, industry, and primary occupation.
GenerativeAI Keywords on Profile
LinkedIn researchers conducted a global analysis that look at the keywords
and titles that members are adding to their profile between December 2023
and September 2023.The keywords and terms included in the analysis were
“ChatGPT,”“Prompt Engineering,”“Prompt Crafting,”“Generative Artificial
Intelligence,”“Bard AI,”“LaMBDAAI,”“MS365 Copilot,” and “Microsoft
Copilot”

32
Impact ofGAI on the workforce
LinkedIn researchers identify GAI-replicable and GAI-complementary skills,
combining generative AI tools with skill embeddings and matching techniques,
and map it to occupations using their skills genome.This way, each occupation
on LinkedIn is classified as augmented, disrupted or insulated from GAI based
on the medians of this metric.These occupations are further mapped to LinkedIn
members and their selected characteristics across countries to estimate the
share of members in each group that fall within each category. For a more
detailed methodology, refer to Preparing the Workforce for Generative AI.
Results shown in this report reflect averages across the following countries:
Argentina,Australia,Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Costa
Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy,Japan, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa,
South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United
Kingdom, United States, and Uruguay.
LinkedIn’s Workforce Confidence Index (WCI)
Online survey distributed to members via email every two weeks. Roughly
10,000 members in the US, Canada, Brazil, the UK, France, Germany,
Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, India,Australia, and Japan respond to each
wave. Members are randomly sampled and must be opted into research to
participate. Students, stay-at-home partners and retirees are excluded from
analysis so we can get an accurate representation of those currently active
in the workforce. We asked members about theirAI sentiments from March
11 - June 2, 2023.To look at data by gender, we ask members to self-select
as “Female,”“Male,” an open-ended response, or“Prefer not to answer.”
We analyze data in aggregate and will always respect member privacy.
Data is weighted by engagement level to ensure fair representation of
various activity levels on the platform.The results represent the world as seen
through the lens of LinkedIn’s membership; variances between LinkedIn’s
membership and the overall market population are not accounted for.

33
LinkedIn’s Executive Confidence Index (ECI)
Online survey taken by roughly 5,000 LinkedIn members (at the VP-level or above)
every quarter.The most recent wave ran from September 6-18, 2023. Members
are randomly sampled and must be opted into research to participate. We
analyze data in aggregate and will always respect member privacy. Data is
weighted by Seniority and Industry to ensure fair representation of executives on
the platform.The results represent the world as seen through the lens of LinkedIn’s
membership; variances between LinkedIn’s membership and the overall market
population are not accounted for.
LinkedInTalent Insights
The analysis on skills leading to advancement examines the aggregated and
anonymized LinkedIn employee data with full-time employment who added
skills explicitly to their profile and were promoted internally between July 1, 2019,
and June 30, 2023.As defined by LinkedIn Taxonomy, Soft skills primarily affect
a person’s behavior, thinking, or knowledge, while hard skills primarily affect an
object and include specialized domain knowledge and technical know-how.The
time to promotion is measured by the difference in the start dates between an
employee’s current role and promoted role.
AI ConsumerResearch
Research conducted by Censuswide and based on 29,937 professionals in
the UK, USA, Canada,Australia, Singapore, India, France, Germany, Brazil,
Spain, Saudi Arabia, the Netherlands, Italy, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia,
UAE and Japan - including 1,574 marketing professionals - aged 16+
between 23rd August and 31st August 2023. Censuswide abides by and
employs members of the Market Research Society, based on the ESOMAR
principles.
Head ofAI Roles
LinkedIn researchers identified members based on job titles containing the
keywords “AI,”““Artificial Intelligence,” or“Machine Learning” coupled with
the keywords “Head,” or LinkedIn’s standardized seniority levels “Director,”
“VP,”“CXO.” Growth in this metric was computed from December 2022 to
September 2023, as compared to the same period in the previous year.
Jobs that didn’t exist 20years ago
LinkedIn researchers compare LinkedIn’s 2023 Jobs on the Rise list of
25 occupations to O*NET’s 2000 taxonomy by name or job description.
O*NET is the US primary source for occupational information, consisting
of a database developed under the sponsorship of the US Department
of Labor. It contains hundreds of job definitions and is used extensively in
academic research.

34
A special thanks to our LinkedIn economists, data scientists, market
research team, and all who contributed to this report:
Karin Kimbrough, Chief Economist
Mar Carpanelli, Staff Data Scientist
Allison Lewis, Market Research
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