G0321 lecture 8 public policy of science and technology
- 1. LECTURE 8: PUBLIC POLICY ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- 2. RECAP: TWO IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES
- 3. RECAP: AI AND THE FUTURE OF WORK
- 5. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY • SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ARE THE ROOTS, NOT ONLY OF OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURAL WORLD AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO HUMAN WELFARE, BUT ALSO OF THE CONSTRAINTS ON WHAT CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED WITH THE SCARCE RESOURCES COMPRISING NATURE. • VIRTUALLY ALL PUBLIC POLICIES ARE GROUNDED IN THE REALITIES OF THE NATURAL WORLD AND PROCEED ON THE BASIS OF CONSTANTLY CHANGING ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT OR UNDERSTANDINGS OF NATURE. • AN UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IS THUS ESSENTIAL TO THE FORMATION OF VIRTUALLY ANY SOUND PUBLIC POLICY. • THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN POLICYMAKING ON ISSUES SUCH AS ENVIRONMENTAL IMBALANCES, ENERGY SOURCES, HUMAN HEALTH, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE, ETC.
- 6. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY • TECHNOLOGY INNOVATES AND DISRUPTS, WHILE PUBLIC POLICY REGULATES AND CONTROLS. • EXAMPLE: THE SKIRMISH BETWEEN APPLE AND THE FBI: APPLE IS REFUSING TO ALLOW POLICY TO DICTATE HOW ENCRYPTION SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN PRODUCTS. • PUBLIC POLICY CAN ALSO FOSTER THE GROWTH OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND THE COMPANIES THAT WORK ON THEM. • FEDERAL FUNDING ALLOWED FOR THE INCUBATION AND GROWTH OF THE INTERNET, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, GPS AND MANY OTHER FOUNDATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES. https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/17/how-the-wonks-of-public-policy-and-the-geeks-of-tech-c
- 7. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY • POLICYMAKERS NEED TO SHAPE INTELLIGENT INTEGRATION OF PROMISING TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, AND COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES WILL WANT TO REAP THE MOST BENEFIT FROM THESE VAST AND BURGEONING MARKETS. • PROPOSED POLICY SHOULD TAKE INTO ACCOUNT POTENTIAL UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES AND BUILD IN PERIODIC CHECKS TO ASSESS WHETHER THE POLICIES ARE WORKING AS INTENDED. • TO DO THIS, POLICYMAKERS MUST SEEK AND INCLUDE THE PERSPECTIVES OF TECHNOLOGY EXPERTS THROUGHOUT THE POLICYMAKING PROCESS. https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/17/how-the-wonks-of-public-policy-and-the-geeks-of-tech-
- 8. CRAFTING PUBLIC POLICY • CRAFTING PUBLIC POLICY IS AN ART. • PUBLIC POLICY FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MUST LOOK AT THE RAMIFICATIONS OF HUMAN NATURE. • ENGINEERS CANNOT MAKE THESE DECISIONS ALONE WITHOUT AN INFORMED UNDERSTANDING OF POLICY TRADEOFFS; AND POLICY MAKERS CANNOT MAKE CHOICES WITHOUT SOME CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF THE TECHNOLOGY RAMIFICATIONS. • YOUNG TECHNOLOGISTS MUST HAVE BROADER SKILLS AND SENSITIVITY TO SOCIAL ISSUES, AND TO GIVE FUTURE POLICY AND BUSINESS LEADERS GREATER AWARENESS OF TECHNOLOGY.https://medium.com/read-write-participate/building-our-technology-policy-future-5b
- 9. EXAMPLE: PUBLIC POLICY ON CLIMATE CHANGE • GOOD PUBLIC POLICY: INVESTMENTS INTO RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH, CARBON TAX ON CARBON-INTENSIVE COMPANIES. • BAD PUBLIC POLICY: CARBON-TAX ON THE COMMON PEOPLE. • “THE ROAD TO HELL IS PAVED WITH GOOD INTENTIONS”.
- 10. THE FRANCE YELLOW REBELLION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i55t0WZFtBA
- 11. LESSONS FROM THE FRANCE REBELLION • ON NOVEMBER 17TH, HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF FRENCH CITIZENS WEARING BRIGHT YELLOW SAFETY VESTS BLOCKADED ROADS ACROSS THE COUNTRY. • OVER THE FOLLOWING WEEKS THE “GILETS JAUNES” PROTESTS, SPARKED BY HIKES TO GAS AND DIESEL TAXES, DREW INTERNATIONAL ATTENTION AND FORCED FRENCH PRESIDENT EMMANUEL MACRON TO SUSPEND THE TAX INCREASE AND RAISE THE MINIMUM WAGE. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2018/12/20/what-frances-yellow-vest-protests-reveal-about-the-future-o
- 12. LESSONS FROM THE FRANCE REBELLION • THE PROTESTS ARE WRONGLY BEING INTERPRETED AS EVIDENCE THAT “BIG GOVERNMENT” POLICIES TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE ARE POLITICALLY INFEASIBLE. • THIS ANALYSIS IGNORES THE DEMANDS OF THE PROTESTORS THEMSELVES, WHICH INCLUDE GREATER CORPORATE REGULATION AND EXPANDED SOCIAL SAFETY-NET PROGRAMS. • THE REAL LESSON IS THIS: SOLUTIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE THAT SIDESTEP OR EXACERBATE ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ARE NOT JUST ETHICALLY DUBIOUS, THEY ARE POLITICALLY IMPRACTICAL. • A FOSSIL-FREE ECONOMY WILL HAVE TO BE A FAIRER ECONOMY. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2018/12/20/what-frances-yellow-vest-protests-reveal-about-the-future
- 13. 100 COMPANIES ARE TO BLAME FOR 71% OF THE WORLD'S GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS • OBVIOUSLY, A CARBON- TAX ON THE COMMON PEOPLE IS NOT GOING TO WORK! https://bigthink.com/robby- berman/71-of-all-global-emissions- come-from-just-100-companies
- 14. DEVELOPMENTS IN USA: THE GREEN NEW DEAL • THE "THREE CORE PRINCIPLES" OF THE PROPOSED GREEN NEW DEAL ARE "DECARBONIZATION, JOBS, AND JUSTICE." • POLICIES THAT WOULD REDUCE CLIMATE POLLUTION — RENEWABLE ENERGY TAX CREDITS, FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS, AND THE LIKE — BUT THOSE POLICIES DO NOT ADD UP TO A COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTION.https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/12/21/18144138/green-new-deal-alexandr
- 15. DEVELOPMENTS IN USA: THE GREEN NEW DEAL • CLIMATE CHANGE IS AN EMERGENT PROPERTY OF A BAD ECONOMIC SYSTEM. • THE GND IS, AT ITS HEART, A FORM OF SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC POPULISM. • IT IS AN ATTEMPT TO REBALANCE THE ECONOMY AND THE POLITICAL SYSTEM, AWAY FROM A MONOMANIACAL FOCUS ON PRIVATE GOODS, TOWARD A MORE GENEROUS VIEW OF PUBLIC GOODS AND PUBLIC PURPOSE. https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/12/21/18144138/green-new-deal-alexandr
- 16. GOOD PUBLIC POLICY PLANNING REQUIRES THE RIGHT MIX OF LEADERS https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44762.pdf United States 115th Congress
- 18. GOOD PUBLIC POLICY PLANNING REQUIRES THE RIGHT MIX OF LEADERS http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/clm8_China Leadership
- 19. GOOD PUBLIC POLICY PLANNING REQUIRES THE RIGHT MIX OF LEADERS http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/clm8_China Leadership
- 20. GOOD PUBLIC POLICY PLANNING REQUIRES THE RIGHT MIX OF LEADERS http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/clm8_China Leadership
- 21. CHINA’S NEW POLITBURO AND POLITBURO STANDING COMMITTEE 2017 Science and Engineering Economics and Finance Arts and Humanities Xi Jinping chemical engineering Wang yang political economy Li Keqiang law Ding Xuexiang engineering Zhao Leji politics and currency banking Li Zhanshu politics Xu Qiliang military aviation Hanzheng political economy Wang Huning French language Li Qiang agriculture mechanization Liu He economics Wang Cheng Chinese literature Yang Ziaodu pharmacy Sun Chunlan economic management Li Xi Chinese language Chen Xi chemical engineering Yang Jiechi international relations and economics Li Hongzhong history Guo Shengkun mineral processing Chen Quanguo political economy Chen Miner Chinese language Huang Kunming politics and economic management Hu Chunhua Chinese literature https://www.brookings.edu/interactives/chinas-new- Cai Qi political
- 22. CHINA – WORLD POWER AGAIN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67yre0HYWcQ