GALLOWAY’S SYSTEM OF INTERACTION ANALYSIS.pdf

INTERACTION ANALYSIS
DR. C. BEULAH JAYARANI
M.Sc., M.A, M.Ed, M.Phil (Edn), M.Phil (ZOO), NET, Ph.D
ASST. PROFESSOR,
LOYOLA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, CHENNAI - 34
UNIT - 1

introduction
• Interaction is defined as the learner’s
engagement with the course content, other
learners, the instructor and the
technological medium use in the course.
• The exchange of information is intended to
enhance knowledge development in the
learning environment.
• The ultimate goal of interaction is to
increase understanding of the course
content or mastery of the defined goals.
13-04-2023 Dr. C. BEULAH JAYARANI 2

Contd.,
• Teaching as an interactive process.
• Interaction means participation of teacher and
students in the process of teaching.
• In this process, teacher influences the
students; students also interact with the
teacher.
• Interaction takes place among the students
themselves also. It means, in the process of
teaching, every body interacts with every other
person involved in the process.

MEANING OF INTERACTION
Type of
interaction
(i) verbal
interaction
(ii) Non-
verbal
interaction
Interaction is the sharing of
ideas and thoughts between
two or more than two people.

CLASSROOM INTERACTION
The classroom interaction
mainly describes the content of
behaviour or social interaction
in the classroom

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLASSROOM
INTERACTION
• It is a practice that allows enhancing the students’ skills.
• It improves the relationship between teacher and students.
• It describe the interaction in the classroom and it helps
students to develop thinking critically and sharing their
views.
• The classroom verbal interaction can be made more
effective.
• The teacher can increase student participation in his
teaching.
• The direct behavior of teacher may be shifted to indirect
behavior, which is more suitable in democratic way of life.

OBJECTIVES OF CLASSROOM INTERACTION
• The teaching-learning situations in the class-room involve
interaction between the teacher and the students.
• It aims at meaningful communication among the students
target language.
• It also aims at probing into the learner’s prior learning
ability and his way of conceptualizing facts and ideas.
• The practice will help the teacher to have a detailed study
of the nature and the frequency of student interaction
inside the classroom.
• It provides a reliable assessment of what goes on inside
the class-room in terms of teaching and learning.

INTERACTION ANALYSIS
• Interaction analysis is a process of encoding
and decoding a pattern of interaction between
the communicator and the receiver.
Encoding helps in recording
the events in a meaningful
way
Decoding is used to arrange the data
in a useful way and then analyzing
the behaviours and interactions in
the classroom interaction
8

CLASS-ROOM INTERACTION ANALYSIS
• Class-room interaction analysis
refers to a technique consisting of
objective and systematic
observation of the class-room
events for the study of the
teacher’s classroom behavior and
the process of interaction going
inside the class-room.

DIMENSIONS OF Interaction Analysis
Communication Coordination Integration

A typical system of interaction
analysis consisting……
a) A set of
categories, each
defined clearly
b) A procedure for
observation and a
set of ground rules
which govern the
coding process
c) Steps for
tabulating data in
order to arrange
display
d) Suggestions which
can be followed in
some of the more
common applications

Basic theoretical assumptions of
interaction analysis
• Predominance of verbal communication
• Higher reliability of verbal behaviour
• Consistency of verbal statements
• Teacher’s influence
• Relation between student and teacher
• Relation between social climate and productivity
• Relation between classroom climate and learning
• Use of observational technique
• Role of feedback
• Expression through verbal statement

• Classroom Interaction is a practice that enhances
the development of the two very important
language skills which are speaking and listening
among the learners. This device helps the learner
to be competent enough to think critically and
share their views among their peers.
• This system of Interaction Analysis was developed
by Charles Galloway in the form of a teachers'
training technique.
galloWay’s systEM oF intERaction analysis

• This Analysis is a tool used in the
classroom to capture quantitative
and qualitative aspects of verbal
instructor behaviour. It captures the
verbal behaviour of teachers and
students as an observational device
that is directly linked to the social-
emotional environment of the
classroom.
For example, a conversation may be captured by audio
or video recording (and then transcribed); or the
interaction may be observed and coded by researchers in
real time.

• It is basically a category type system
involving categorization of all sets of
possible verbal and non-verbal
behaviour of a teacher in the
classroom while interacting with the
students.
• Non-verbal communication can be
more effective during interaction in
the classroom is the main assumption of
Charles Galloway system of observation.

types of classroom interaction
Teacher-
student
interaction
Student-
teacher
interaction
Student-
student
interaction

ASSUMPTION
• Non-verbal communication of a teacher has a significant
role in classroom interaction
• As one cannot see when he/she behaves, feedback is
necessary for the behavior.
• The non-verbal cues are can reinforce and motivate a
student.
• Becoming aware of his non-verbal evens occurring
around us, one can achieve a better understanding of
himself.
• Training of teachers enhances the aspect of non-
verbal communication in teachers.

CHARACTERISTICS
• By the means of corrective feedback one
gets a chance to improve upon his verbal as
well as non-verbal behavior.
• It helps in describing direct & indirect
influence in teaching behavior.
• Emphasis is given on both the verbal and
non-verbal behavior of the teachers.
• There is an analysis of initiative and
response of teacher
• This system can be used in research and
teaching.

TEACHER TALK
INDIRECT TALK
1 Accepts feeling
2 Praises or encourages
3 Accepts or uses ideas of pupils
4 Asks questions
DIRECT TALK
5 Lecturing
6 Giving directions
7 Criticising or justifying authority
PUPIL TALK
8 Pupil-talk response
9 Pupil-talk initiation
SILENCE 10 Silence or confusion
Galloway's system of interaction analysis

Category wise verbal & non-verbal behaviour
Category No. Verbal Behavior Non-verbal Behavior
1 Accepts feeling Congruent, Incongruent
2 Praises or encourages Congruent, Incongruent
3 Accepts or uses ideas of pupils Implement - Perfunctory
4 Asks questions Personal - Implement
5 Lecturing Responsive - Unresponsive
6 Giving directions Involve - dismiss
7 Criticising or justifying authority Firm - Harsh
8 Pupil-talk response Receptive – Inattentive
9 Pupil-talk initiation Receptive – Inattentive
10 Silence or confusion Comfort - Distress

Steps of Galloway's system of interaction analysis
1. Recording of classroom events
2. Construction of interaction matrix
3. Interpretation on interaction matrix

Recording of classroom events
1. Appropriate position
2.No interference or disturbance
3.Proper coding (memorization of codes)
4. Noting every 3 seconds
5. Column or row

1. Manual Encoding
process 2. Advanced computerized
Decoding process
3. Interpretation of 10 X 10 Matrix
Rules & procedure
• The observer must not be concerned by his own bias.
• Verbal and non-verbal communication observed carefully

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
TOTAL
Interpretation of 10 X 10 Matrix

ADVANTAGES
• The teachers are continuously provided with feedback such that
the modification of behavior is done.
• It provides an opportunity to a teacher to improve upon his/her
non-verbal behavior.
• Negative reinforcement / punishment is avoided
• It is reliable and objective technique of observing and analyzing the
verbal & non verbal behavior of a teacher in the classroom.
• It helps in determining the pattern and flow of teaching behavior.
• It adds and supplements the training techniques like microteaching
and team teaching.
• It can be used for carrying out research in the means of teaching,
teacher behavior, pre-service and in-service education of teachers.

LIMITATIONS
• The teacher may hesitate in the presence of a
video camera or supervisor
• The teachers may find it difficult to handle it in
the classroom as both the verbal and the non-
verbal behavior could not be prominently
marked.
• A single aspect of non-verbal behavior
comprises various small behaviors, which
could not be properly categorized.
• The process is time consuming
• Requirement of costly sophisticated media of
educational technology i.e. video camera or
other device.
• The system concentrates on both the verbal
and non verbal behavior. It does not
describe the classroom behavior totally
as some are always overlooked which might
be important too.
• Classroom interaction in the form of pupil-
pupil interaction does not find a place in
this system.
• It requires highly trained, reliable and
competent observers.
• It does not provide value judgments
about good and bad teaching behavior.

REFERENCES
• Mangal, s.k., Mangal, U. (2011).
Essentials of educational
technology. New Delhi: PHI
learning private limited.
• Pedagogy of Biological science –
Shanlax publications
• TNTEU Study material

GALLOWAY’S SYSTEM OF INTERACTION ANALYSIS.pdf

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