Gas Pipeline Design
- 1. Gas Pipeline Design Abass Babatunde Mohammad Dalu Ibizugbe Nosakhare Cyril Iyasele Natural Gas Engineering May 12, 2010
- 2. Outline Introduction Natural gas gathering Transportation of natural gas Pipeline components Pipeline design Conclusion / recommendation
- 3. Introduction The efficient and effective movement of natural gas from producing regions to consumption regions requires an extensive and elaborate transportation system Gas transmission to consumer may be divided into: Gathering system Compression station Main trunk line Distribution lines Pipelines provide an economical method of transporting fluids over great distances
- 4. Natural Gas Gathering The gathering system is made up of branches that lead into trunk lines Must be large enough to handle production of additional leases
- 5. Transportation of Natural Gas Gas produced from a well usually travels a great distance to its point of use Transportation system comprises complex pipeline networks Designed for quick and efficient transport of gas from origin to areas of high demand
- 6. Pipeline Components Pipes Compressor Stations Metering Stations Valves Control Stations & SCADA systems
- 7. Pipeline Components PIPES Measure anywhere from 6 to 48 inches in diameter Certain component pipe sections consists of smaller diameter pipe (0.5 in) Consists of strong carbon steel material, to meet API standards Covered with a specialized coating to prevent corrosion when paced under ground
- 8. Pipeline Components COMPRESSOR STATIONS Natural gas is highly pressurized as it travels through interstate lines To ensure the flowing gas remains pressurized, compression is required Compressor stations usually placed at 40 to 100 mile intervals along pipeline
- 9. Pipeline Components METERING STATIONS Measures the flow of gas along pipeline Placed periodically along interstate gas lines Allows monitoring and management of gas in pipes
- 10. Pipeline Components VALVES Gateways: allow free flow or restriction of gas flow Interstate lines include valves along entire length Gas flow may be restricted if a section of pipe requires: maintenance replacement
- 11. Pipeline Components CONTROL STATIONS Monitor and control gas in pipeline Collect, assimilate, and manage data received from compressor and metering stations Data received is provided by SCADA systems (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)
- 12. Pipeline Design Pipeline Flow Equations Weymouth
- 13. Pipeline Design Design Objective Move 21 MMscf/h of gas from Farmington, NM to Seattle, WA Constraints 500 psia suction pressure 500 psia delivery pressure Varying elevations
- 14. Pipeline Design Methodology Cities distances and elevations noted Average temperatures estimated for each city Initial pipe size selected Max yield strength, allowable working pressure for selected pipe noted Initial guess made for the C.R. required for the first compression station. Expected output pressure computed
- 15. Pipeline Design Methodology Pipe length calculated and compared to the distance between the first two cities Iteration carried out to determine number of compressor stations required between Farmington and Seattle Simulation run for economical solution Installation costs determined Total cost, including cost of pipes noted
- 16. Pipeline Design Methodology Initial pipe size changed, and the entire procedure above repeated Results evaluated to determine the optimum solution for the design
- 17. Pipeline Design Results vs. Cost Cost analysis Nominal # of CAPEX of Diameter NPV @ Compressor Cost of Pipeline Compressors Yearly OPEX (in) 10% Stations ($ Billion) ($ Billion) ($ Billion) 16 4.575 17 1.068 2.167 0.168 20 2.225 6 1.326 0.530 0.046 24 2.436 4 1.624 0.370 0.028 26 2.256 3 1.787 0.307 0.020 30 2.291 2 2.142 0.009 0.018
- 18. Pipeline Design Conclusion / Recommendation A transportation network, with pipelines of 20 inches OD and 6 compression stations will effectively deliver 21,000,000 scf/h of gas, from Farmington, NM to Seattle, WA