Gcsv2011 the ada and section 504-ada-errors
0 likes448 views
The document outlines common accessibility errors and omissions in new construction and alterations as per the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements. It specifies various errors related to parking spaces, accessible routes, curbs, ramps, stairs, doors, circulation paths, toilet rooms, signage, and visual alarms, detailing the requirements needed to ensure compliance with the ADA standards. The purpose is to provide guidance for creating accessible facilities that accommodate individuals with disabilities, highlighting the importance of precise compliance to prevent hazards.
Gcsv2011 the ada and section 504-ada-errors
- 1. U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division Disability Rights Section Common ADA Errors and Omissions in New Construction and Alterations Introduction The ADA requires that new required for safe use. Objects that For additional information about construction and alterations to project into circulation spaces from the design and construction existing facilities comply with the the side or that do not provide at requirements of the Americans ADA Standards for Accessible least 80 inches of head clearance with Disabilities Act (ADA), Design1 (Standards). ADA can be extremely hazardous to contact the Department of Justice requirements for new construction people who are blind or who have ADA Information Line. This free and alterations include detailed low vision. service provides answers to provisions for elements, spaces, general and technical questions and facilities. Successful accessi- This document lists a sampling of about ADA requirements and is a bility is often measured in inches, common accessibility errors or source for free ADA materials so attention to detail can make the omissions that have been identified including the ADA Standards for difference between achieving through the Department of Accessible Design. You may reach access and excluding or injuring Justice’s ongoing enforcement the ADA Information Line at: someone. When the ADA’s efforts. The specific requirement minimum of the Standards 800 - 514 - 0301 (voice) or requirements are that has not been 800 - 514 - 0383 (TTY). not met, the met follows each results can limit error/omission. ADA information is also available or exclude a All references to on the Department’s ADA Home person with a figures can be Page on the World Wide Web at disability and found in the (http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/ can be danger- Standards. The adahom1.htm). ous. For ex- list of errors/ ample, when a curb omissions pro- Reproduction of this document is ramp extends into an vides examples of encouraged. access aisle at an common deficien- accessible parking space, cies. It is not a person using a wheelchair intended to be may not be able to get out of comprehensive or the car or van. When the slope exhaustive. Any of a sidewalk that is an accessible failure to comply with the Stan- route becomes steeper than 1 to 20, dards violates the ADA. railings and edge protection are 6/97 1 State and local governments currently have the option to choose the Standards or the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standard (UFAS). 1
- 2. Parking Error/Omission: The built-up curb ramp projects into the access aisle. The accessible parking space and access aisle is not level in all directions. Result: Requirement: When an access aisle has a sloped 4.6.3* Parking Spaces. ...Parking surface, a wheelchair may roll spaces and access aisles shall be away from a car or van preventing level with surface slopes not the wheelchair user from getting exceeding 1:50 (2%) in all direc- out of the vehicle. The sloped tions. surface also prevents a van- mounted wheelchair lift from being fully-lowered to the access aisle surface. Error/Omission: There is no accessible route from accessible parking to an accessible entrance. Result: Requirement: A person using a wheelchair, 4.6.3* Parking Spaces. ...Parking scooter, or walker has no way of access aisles shall be part of an getting from the accessible parking accessible route to the building or space to the building entrance. facility entrance and shall comply Often when there is an inaccessible with 4.3. walkway provided for others, wheelchair users must use a roadway or vehicular route which can be dangerous. Error/Omission: No van accessible spaces are provided in the parking area. Result: Requirement: A person who uses a van equipped 4.1.2 (5)(b) One in every eight with a wheelchair lift has inad- accessible spaces, but not less than equate space to lower the wheel- one, shall be served by an access chair lift and get out of the vehicle. aisle 96 in (2440 mm) wide. * Asterisk denotes that related, non-mandatory material is in the Appendix to the Standards. 2
- 3. Van-accessible (continued) Requirement: minimum and shall be designated “van accessible” as required by 4.6.4. The vertical clearance at such spaces shall comply with 4.6.5. All such spaces may be grouped on one level of a parking structure. Accessible Route - Exterior Error/Omission: The pedestrian routes on a site from public transportation stops, accessible parking spaces, passenger loading zones, and public streets and sidewalks to the accessible entrance(s) are not accessible. Result: Requirement: People with disabilities cannot 4.1.2 (1) At least one accessible travel from the site entry points to route complying with 4.3 shall be the accessible entrance(s). In some provided within the boundary of cases, people must use vehicular the site from public transportation routes which can be dangerous. stops, accessible parking spaces, passenger loading zones if pro- vided, and public streets or side- walks, to an accessible building entrance. Curb Ramps Error/Omission: Curb ramp that is located across a circulation path has steep unprotected side flares. Result: Requirement: People walking across the curb 4.7.5 Sides of Curb Ramps. If a ramp may trip and be injured. curb ramp is located where pedes- People who use wheelchairs can trians must walk across the ramp, tip over if they accidentally roll or where it is not protected by over the non-flared sides. handrails or guardrails, it shall have flared sides; the maximum slope of the flare shall be 1:10 (see Fig. 12(a)). Curb ramps with returned curbs may be used where pedestrians would not normally walk across the ramp (see Fig. 12(b)). 3
- 4. Ramps Error/Omission: Landing areas where ramps change direction (e.g., switchbacks or 90° turns) are too small. Result: Requirement: Wheelchair users are unable to go 4.8.4* (3) If ramps change direc- up or down the ramp because there tion at landings, the minimum is not enough space to turn on a landing size shall be 60 in by 60 in level surface. This makes the ramp (1525 mm by 1525 mm). unusable. Error/Omission: Parts of an accessible route with slopes that exceed 1:20 lack required features including handrails and edge protection. Result: Requirement: When a walkway or other pedes- 4.8.1* General. Any part of an trian surface has a slope greater accessible route with a slope then 1:20, it is more difficult to greater than 1:20 shall be consid- maintain control of a wheelchair. ered a ramp and shall comply with Wheelchair users may also not be 4.8. able to climb up the sloped route without railings. Lack of edge protection may result in injury if a wheelchair user rolls off the side of the route. People who use a mobility device such as crutches, a cane, or a walker may lose their balance or fall while using a sloped section that does not have handrails or edge protection. Stairs Error/Omission: Handrail extensions are not provided at the top and bottom risers. Result: Requirement: People who use crutches or a cane 4.9.4(2) If handrails are not or who have limited balance may continuous, they shall extend at fall at the top or bottom of the least 12 in (305 mm) beyond the stairs because they have no railing top riser and at least 12 in (305 to hold onto as they make the transition from the steps to the landing. 4
- 5. Stairs (continued) Requirement: mm) plus the width of one tread beyond the bottom riser. At the top, the extension shall be parallel with the floor or ground surface. At the bottom, the handrail shall continue to slope for a distance of the width of one tread from the bottom riser; the remainder of the extension shall be horizontal (see Fig. 19(c) and (d)). Handrail extensions shall comply with 4.4. Doors Error/Omission: Adequate maneuvering clearance is not provided at doors, including doors to accessible toilet stalls. Result: Requirement: A person using a wheelchair 4.13.6 Maneuvering Clearances at cannot open the door without a Doors. Minimum maneuvering clear level area in front of and clearances at doors that are not adjacent to the door that provides a automatic or power-assisted shall place to maneuver. be as shown in Fig. 25. The floor or ground area within the required clearances shall be level and clear. 4.17.5* Doors. Toilet stall doors, including door hardware, shall comply with 4.13. If toilet stall approach is from the latch side of the stall door, clearance between the door side of the stall and any obstruction may be reduced to a minimum of 42 in (1065 mm) (Fig. 30). 5
- 6. Error/Omission: The shape of the door hardware requires tight grasping, pinching, and twisting of the wrist to use. Result: Requirement: The door cannot be opened if the 4.13.9* Door Hardware. Handles, user cannot operate the latch or pulls, latches, locks, and other handle. operating devices on accessible doors shall have a shape that is easy to grasp with one hand and does not require tight grasping, tight pinching, or twisting of the wrist to operate. Lever-operated mechanisms, push-type mecha- nisms, and U-shaped handles are acceptable designs. When sliding doors are fully open, operating hardware shall be exposed and usable from both sides. Hardware required for accessible door passage shall be mounted no higher than 48 in (1220 mm) above finished floor. Circulation Paths Error/Omission: Objects protrude into circulation paths from the side or from posts. Objects that overhang circulation paths do not provide clear headroom. 6
- 7. Circulation Paths (continued) Result: Requirement: People who are blind or who have 4.1.2 (3) All objects that protrude low vision can be seriously injured from surfaces or posts into circula- when they cannot detect an object tion paths shall comply with 4.4. by using the sweep of their cane. 4.1.3 (2) All objects that overhang or protrude into circulation paths shall comply with 4.4. 4.4.1* General. Objects projecting from walls (for example, tele- phones) with their leading edges between 27 in and 80 in (685mm and 2030 mm) above the finished floor shall protrude no more than 4 in (100 mm) into walks, halls, corridors, passageways, or aisles (see Fig. 8(a)). Objects mounted with their leading edges at or below 27 in (685 mm) above the finished floor may protrude any amount (see Fig. 8(a) and (b)). Free-standing objects mounted on posts or pylons may overhang 12 in (305 mm) maximum from 27 in to 80 in (685 mm to 2030 mm) above the ground or finished floor (see Fig. 8(c) and (d)). Protruding objects shall not reduce the clear width of an accessible route or maneuvering space (see Fig.8(e)). 4.4.2 Head Room. Walks, halls corridors, passageways, aisles, or other circulation spaces shall have 80 in (2030 mm) minimum clear head room (see Fig. 8(a)). If vertical clearance of an area adjoining an accessible route is reduced to less than 80 in (nominal dimension), a barrier to warn blind or visually-impaired persons shall be provided (see Fig. 8(c-1)). Toilet Rooms and Bathrooms Error/Omission: Where toilet rooms or bathrooms are provided, not all public and common use toilet rooms and bathrooms (including locker rooms and toilet rooms for employee use) are accessible. 7
- 8. Toilet Rooms and Bathrooms (cont'd) Result: Requirement: People with disabilities are re- 4.1.3(11) Toilet Facilities: If toilet stricted to a limited number of rooms are provided, then each toilet rooms and may have to travel public and common use toilet long distances to the accessible room shall comply with 4.22. toilet room while others can use Other toilet rooms provided for the any toilet room. use of occupants of specific spaces (i.e., a private toilet room for the occupant of a private office) shall be adaptable. If bathing rooms are provided, then each public and common use bathroom shall comply with 4.23. Accessible toilet rooms and bathing facilities shall be on an accessible route. Error/Omission: Toilet rooms with 6 or more toilet stalls lack a 36" wide “ambulatory” toilet stall. Result: Requirement: Too few accessible stalls are 4.22.4, 4.23.4 Water Closets. If provided for people with mobility toilet stalls are provided, then at disabilities. People who walk with least one shall be a standard toilet crutches, a cane, a walker, or who stall complying with 4.17; where 6 have limited balance generally or more stalls are provided, in find it easier and safer to use a addition to the stall complying stall that has parallel grab bars. with 4.17.3, at least one stall 36 in (915 mm) wide with an outward swinging, self-closing door and parallel grab bars complying with Fig. 30(d) and 4.26 shall be provided. Water closets in such stalls shall comply with 4.16. If water closets are not in stalls, then at least one shall comply with 4.16. 8
- 9. Error/Omission: The door to the toilet room swings into the required clear floor space at accessible fixtures, controls, and dispensers. Result: Requirement: The entry door to the toilet room 4.22.3*, 4.23.3* Clear Floor cannot be fully opened when a Space. The accessible fixtures wheelchair user is using the and controls required in 4.22.4, accessible fixture, control, or 4.22.5, 4.22.6, 4.22.7 and 4.23.4, dispenser. For example, if a 4.23.5, 4.23.6, and 4.23.7 shall be person using a wheelchair is on an accessible route. An positioned in the clear floor space unobstructed turning space at the paper towel dispenser and complying with 4.2.3 shall be that clear floor space overlaps the provided within an accessible space needed to swing the door toilet room. The clear floor space open, the door cannot be fully- at fixtures and controls, the opened. accessible route, and the turning space may overlap. Error/Omission: When a transfer shower is used, it is often larger than the required 36" x 36" size. Result: Requirement: People with disabilities may be 4.21.2 Size and Clearances. injured when using a transfer Except as specified in 9.1.2, shower that is too large. Users shower stall size and clear floor may slide off the seat and fall onto space shall comply with Fig. 35(a) the floor of the shower while or (b). The shower stall in Fig. reaching for the shower controls 35(a) shall be 36 in by 36 in (915 and hand-held showerhead. mm by 915 mm). Shower stalls required by 9.1.2 shall comply with Fig. 57(a) or (b). The shower stall in Fig. 35(b) will fit into the space required for a bathtub. 9
- 10. Signage Error/Omission: Where permanent room identification signage is provided, it is mounted in the wrong location. Result: Requirement: People who are blind or visually 4.1.3(16)(a) Signs which desig- impaired are trained to look in a nate permanent rooms and spaces consistent location for tactile signs. shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.4, They cannot find the sign if it is 4.30.5 and 4.30.6. not mounted in the correct location. 4.30.6 Mounting Location and Height. Where permanent identification is provided for rooms and spaces, signs shall be installed on the wall adjacent to the latch side of the door. Where there is no wall space to the latch side of the door, including at double leaf doors, signs shall be placed on the nearest adjacent wall. Mounting height shall be 60 in (1525 mm) above the finish floor to the centerline of the sign. Mounting location for such signage shall be so that a person may approach within 3 in (76 mm) of signage without encoun- tering protruding objects or standing within the swing of a door. Visual Alarms Error/Omission: No visual alarms are provided although an audible alarm system is installed. Result: Requirement: People who are deaf have no way 4.1.3(14) If emergency warning of knowing that a building emer- systems are provided, then they gency has been declared while shall include both audible alarms others who can hear are alerted by and visual alarms complying with the audible alarm. This is espe- 4.28. Sleeping accommodations cially true of toilet rooms, and required to comply with 9.3 shall study carrel areas where occupants have an alarm system complying cannot observe others leaving the with 4.28. Emergency warning facility. systems in medical care facilities may be modified to suit standard health care alarm design practice. 10
- 11. Visual Alarms (continued) Requirement: 4.28.1 General. Alarm systems required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.28. At a minimum, visual signal appliances shall be provided in buildings and facilities in each of the following areas: restrooms and any other general usage areas (e.g., meeting rooms), hallways, lobbies, and any other area for common use. Drinking Fountains Error/Omission: All drinking fountains are mounted with the spout at 36” A.F.F. Result: Requirement: People who have difficulty stoop- 4.1.3(10)* Drinking Fountains: ing or bending over are not able to get a drink from the accessible 36" (a) Where only one high drinking fountain. drinking fountain is provided on a floor there shall be a drinking fountain which is accessible to individuals who use wheelchairs in accordance with 4.15 and one accessible to those who have difficulty bending or stooping. (This can be accommodated by the use of a “hi-lo” fountain; by providing one fountain accessible to those who use wheelchairs and one fountain at a standard height convenient for those who have difficulty bending; by providing a fountain accessible under 4.15 and a water cooler; or by such other means as would achieve the required accessibility for each group on each floor.) (b) Where more than one drinking fountain or water cooler is provided on a floor, 50% of those provided shall comply with 4.15 and shall be on an accessible route. 11
- 12. Restaurants Error/Omission: Food service queuing areas are too narrow and do not provide adequate clear width for turns. Result: Requirement: People who use wheelchairs 4.3.3 Width. The minimum clear cannot get to the counter to width of an accessible route shall purchase or pick up food. Some- be 36 in (915 mm) except at doors times they get into the queuing (see 4.13.5 and 4.13.6). If a person area and get trapped. in a wheelchair must make a turn around an obstruction, the mini- mum clear width of the accessible route shall be as shown in Fig. 7(a) and (b). Error/Omission: Condiment or utensil items are placed above the reach range or are not located on an accessible route. Result: Requirement: Wheelchair users cannot obtain 5.6 Tableware and Condiment condiments and other items Areas. Self-service shelves and because the items are out of reach dispensing devices for tableware, or there is no way to get to the dishware, condiments, food and items. beverages shall be installed to comply with 4.2 (see Fig. 54). Transient Lodging Error/Omission: In hotels, motels, or other lodging facilities of 50 or more sleeping rooms, no rooms with roll-in showers are provided, or the roll-in showers that are provided lack a fold-down seat. Result: Requirement: People who must use a roll-in 9.1.2 Accessible Units, Sleeping shower or a shower with a fold- Rooms, and Suites. Accessible down seat cannot bathe. When a sleeping rooms or suites that roll-in shower is provided without comply with the requirements of a folding seat, guests may resort to 9.2 (Requirements for Accessible using guest room furniture in the Units, Sleeping Rooms, and shower. Suites) shall be provided in conformance with the table below. In addition, in hotels, of 50 or more sleeping rooms or suites, additional accessible sleeping rooms or suites that include a roll- in shower shall also be provided in conformance with the table below. Such accommodations shall comply with the requirements of 9.2, 4.21, and Figure 57(a) or (b). 12
- 13. Error/Omission: Wheelchair-accessible rooms are not equipped with visual alarms and notification devices. Result: Requirement: People who are deaf or hard of 9.2.2 (8) Sleeping room accommo- hearing and who also need to use a dations for persons with hearing guest room with accessible fea- impairments required by 9.1 and tures have no accommodation. complying with 9.3 shall be provided in the accessible room or suite. Error/Omission: Doors into and within guest rooms that are not accessible guest rooms do not provide at least 32" clear opening width. Result: People who use a wheelchair, scooter, or walker are unable to enter standard guest rooms and are excluded from accommodations when accessible guestrooms are occupied. Requirement: 9.4 Other Sleeping Rooms and Suites. Doors and doorways designed to allow passage into and within all sleeping units or other covered units shall comply with 4.13.5. 13