General Physics Motion Types Speed and Acceleration
- 1. MOTION
- 2. If the position of an object does not change as time passes, it is said to be at rest
- 3. If the position of an object changes as time passes, it is said to be in motion
- 5. P ROJECT ILE M OTION CU RVILINEAR M OTION OSCILLATORY M OTION LINEAR M OTION R OTAT IONAL M OTION FREE FAL L CIR CULAR M OTION
- 6. LINEAR MOTION The motion of an object along a straight path is called a linear motion.
- 7. A train moving on a straight rail track Vehicles moving on a straight highway Sprinters running on an athletic track Motion of a bowling ball on alley
- 8. FREE FALL The motion of an object along a vertical line under the action of gravity only is called a free fall.
- 9. Motion of a released stone Motion of a falling cliff jumper Motion of a falling bungee jumper Motion of dripping water droplets
- 10. CURVILINEAR MOTION The motion of an object along a curved path is called a curvilinear motion.
- 11. Motion of a car on a curved road Motion of a roller coaster Motion of fighter jets in a parade Motion of our body on water slides
- 12. PROJECTILE MOTION The motion of an object along a parabolic path under the action of gravity only is called a projectile motion.
- 13. Motion of snowboarder from a ramp Motion of water in laminar jet fountains Motion of thrown basketball towards post Motion of man fired from human cannon
- 14. CIRCULAR MOTION The motion of an object along a circular path is called a circular motion.
- 15. Motion of planets around the sun Motion of riders in well of death Motion of moon around the earth Motion of passengers in swing ride
- 16. ROTATIONAL MOTION The Spinning motion of an object about its center of axis is called a rotational motion.
- 17. Motion of a spinning top Motion of a ferris wheel Motion of a merry go round Motion of a ceiling fan
- 18. OSCILLATORY MOTION The to and fro motion of an object about a fixed point is called an oscillatory motion.
- 19. Motion of a needle bar Swinging motion of a bell Motion of a playground swing Motion of the pendulum of a clock
- 21. Chapter 1: Motion Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion How do you recognize motion?
- 22. Chapter 1: Motion Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion How do you recognize motion? ⚫An object is in motion when its distance from another object is changing
- 23. Chapter 1: Motion Section 1: Describing and Measuring Motion How do you recognize motion? ⚫Movement depends on your point of view ⚫Frame of reference
- 24. What is a reference point? Frame of Reference ⚫A place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion ⚫An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point
- 25. How do scientists calculate speed? ⚫Speed – the distance the object travels in one unit of time ⚫Rate – tells you the amount of something that occurs or changes in one unit of time ⚫Speed = distance time
- 27. What is constant speed? ⚫If the speed of an object does not change, the object is traveling at a constant speed
- 28. What is average speed? ⚫Most objects do not move at constant speeds for very long ⚫To find average speed divide the total distance by the total time •Car trip
- 29. What is Velocity? ⚫Speed in a given direction ⚫When you know the speed and direction of an object’s motion, you know the velocity of the object ⚫Example: 15 km/hour westward
- 31. How do you graph motion? ⚫You can show the motion of an object on a line graph in which you plot distance against time ⚫Time is along the x- axis and distance on the y-axis
- 32. How do you interpret motion graphs? ⚫A straight line indicates a constant speed ⚫The steepness depends on how quickly or slowly the object is moving ⚫The faster the motion the steeper the slope
- 33. How can you calculate the distance an object has moved? ⚫Rearrange the speed formula ⚫Distance = Speed x Time ⚫Converting units – choose a conversion factor that will allow you to cancel units D S T
- 34. Practice 1) Megan rolls a ball down a ramp until the ball hits the wall. The ramp is 2.5 m long and the distance from the end of the ramp to the wall is 1.5 m. If it took 0.5 seconds for the ball to hit the wall then what is the ball’s speed? 2) If took 3.5 hours for a train to travel the distance between two cities at a velocity of 120 km/h. How far did the train travel between the two cities? 3) How long would it take for a car to travel 200 km if it is traveling at a velocity of 55 km/h?
- 35. Section 3: Acceleration What is Acceleration? ⚫The rate at which velocity changes ⚫In science, acceleration refers to: ⚫increasing speed ⚫decreasing speed ⚫changing direction
- 36. Acceleration ⚫Whenever an objects speed increases, the object accelerates. ⚫Pitcher throwing a softball ⚫Car moving from a stopped position
- 37. Acceleration ⚫Whenever an objects speed SLOWS DOWN, the object decelerates or has negative acceleration. ⚫Softball landing in the catcher’s glove. ⚫Car stopping at a red light.
- 38. Acceleration ⚫ Acceleration can be a change in direction as well as a change in speed. ⚫Runners accelerate as the round a curve ⚫car accelerates as it follows a curve in the road ⚫a softball accelerates as it is hit by a bat.
- 39. Acceleration ⚫ Many objects continuously change direction without changing speed. ⚫Circular motion – a motion along a circular path. ⚫Ex. Seats on a Ferris wheel
- 40. Stop and Think ⚫ How can a car be accelerating if its speed is constant at 65 km/hr?
- 41. How do you calculate acceleration? ⚫To determine the acceleration rate of an object, you must calculate the change in velocity during each unit of time ⚫Acceleration = Final velocity – Initial velocity Time
- 44. How do you interpret graphs to determine acceleration? ⚫ The acceleration at any moment is equal to the slope of the velocity time graph at that moment in time Acceleration vs. Constant speed
- 45. A roller coaster car rapidly picks up speed as it rolls down a slope. As it starts down the slope, its speed is 4 m/s. But 3 seconds later, at the bottom of the slope, its speed is 22 m/s. What is its average acceleration?
- 46. A car advertisement states that a certain car can accelerate from rest to 70 km/h in 7 seconds. Find the car’s average acceleration.
- 47. A parachute on a racing dragster opens and changes the speed of the car from 85 m/s to 45 m/s in a period of 4.5 seconds. What is the acceleration of the dragster?
- 48. You are traveling in a car that is moving at a velocity of 20 m/s. Suddenly, a car 10 meters in front of you slams on its brakes. At that moment, you also slam on your brakes and slow to 5 m/s. Calculate the acceleration if it took 2 seconds to slow your car down.
- 49. If a Ferrari, with an initial velocity of 10 m/s, accelerates at a rate of 50 m/s2 for 3 seconds, what will its final velocity be?
- 50. Tim rolled a bowling ball down a lane in 2.5 s. The ball traveled at a constant acceleration of 1.8 m/s2 down the lane and was traveling at a speed of 7.6 m/s by the time it reached the pins at the end of the lane. How fast was the ball going when it left Tim’s hand?
- 51. A car traveling at a speed of 30.0 m/s encounters an emergency and comes to a complete stop. How much time will it take for the car to stop if its deceleration is – 4.0 m/s2 ?
- 52. A mountain goat starts a rock slide and the rocks crash down the slope 100. m. If the rocks reach the bottom in 5.00 s, what is their acceleration?
- 53. 1) Dominic Roth is in a roller coaster car, which rapidly picks up speed as it rolls down a slope. As it starts down the slope, its speed is 4 m/s. But 3 seconds later, at the bottom of the slope, his speed is 22 m/s. What is its average acceleration? 2) Connor dribbles the ball from one end of the court to the other. With an initial speed of 0 m/s and final speed of 14 m/s, he accelerates at a rate of 2 m/s2. How long does it take Connor to get from one end of the court to the other? 3) A train is accelerating at a rate of 2 m/s2. If its initial velocity is 20 m/s, what is its velocity after 30 seconds? 4) A bus moving at 20 m/s slows at a rate of 4 m/s each second. How long does it take the bus to stop? 5) A student skis down a hill, accelerating at a constant 2 m/s2 . If it takes her 15 s to reach the bottom, what is the length of the slope? 6) A parachute on a racing dragster opens and changes the speed of the car from 85 m/s to 45 m/s in a period of 4.5 seconds. What is the acceleration of the dragster?