Geography Class 10 Lifelines of National Economy PPT
- 1. Chapter - 7 Lifelines of National Economy
- 2. Lifelines of National Economy Topics Transport Communication International Trade Tourism
- 3. Transport • Roadways • Railways • Pipelines • Inland • Overseas • Domestic • International
- 4. Roadways • Growing importance of Roads over Railways. • Construction cost of roadways is much lesser than that of railways. • Can be built in uneven surfaces like hills and mountains. • Can traverse more dissected and undulating • Economical in transportation. • Provides door to door services. • Provides link to other transport / Feeder to other transport
- 5. Classification of Road 1. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways 2. National Highways 3. State Highways 4. District Roads 5. Other/Rural Roads 6. Border Roads
- 6. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways Major road development project linking (Delhi , Mumbai , Chennai , Calcutta) It also includes N-S corridors (Srinagar -Kanyakumari),E-W Corridors (Silchar – Porbander ) Implemented and Managed by National Highways Authority of India(NHAI) Objective is reduces Time & Distance and connects the Mega Cities
- 7. National Highways VS State Highways National Highways • Links the extreme parts of the Country • Other state capital to National Capital • Primary Road System • Laid and maintained by Central Public Work Department • Shah Suri Marg –NH-1 (Delhi to Amritsar) State Highways • Links State Capital with the districts Headquarters • Constructed and maintained by (SPWD) State Public Works Department
- 8. District Roads, Other/Rural Road & Border Roads • Links districts Headquarters to all parts of the districts • Maintained by Zilla Parishad • Links Rural areas with the towns • Constructed under Pradhan Mandhri Grandin Sedan Yojana • Maintained and constructed by Border Road Organization from 1960 • Roads in Bordering area – North & North Eastern borders
- 10. Classification of Road (On the basis of materials used) Metaled Roads •Cement, Concrete and Bitumen of Coal Non- Metaled Roads •Clay or Crush rocks useful in Dry Season
- 11. Problems faced by Roads • Road volume is in adequate as compared to the population • Bridges & Tunnels Culverts connecting roads are old and narrow at many places • High traffic congestion in cities • Many roads are unmetaled due to which transportation is difficult during rainy season • Adequate reach of NH in Many Places
- 12. Road Density The Length of roads laid per 100 square km of area Due to the topography it varies from 12.14 Km in Jammu & Kashmir to 517.77Km in Kerala with the national average of 142.68
- 13. Railways
- 14. Importance and Problems of Railways Importance of Railways Principal Mode of Transportation for Goods and Passengers Carry bulky weight & Excellent for long distance Largest public sector undertaking in the country Used to conduct multifarious activities Business trips & sight seeing Pilgrimage accelerate the development of trade and agriculture Problems: • Difficult to lay railway lines insandy hilly & Mountainous Regions • Requires Construction of bridges over large river in north and the eastern India • Problems of sinking of Railway track & landslides blocking tracks • Cost of laying tracks are too high
- 15. Pipelines • Used initially to transport water to cities • Now, transport oil, fuels • New mode of transportation • Water transportation to cities and industries • Used for transporting Crude oil, Petroleum, Natural gas, Iron Ore and solid into slurry • It rules out transshipment losses or delays. • Initial cost of laying is high but subsequent is minimal
- 16. Pipelines Present in India Oil • Assam - Kanpur Petrol & Crude oil • Sataya - Jahanhar Gas • Hazzira - Jagadishour
- 17. Waterways Cheapest Means of Transport Fuel Efficient & environmental friendly Suitable for carrying heavy bulky goods
- 18. Inland waterways- National Waterways 1. NW-1 Allahabad - haldia – R. Ganga 2. NW-2 Sadiya - Dhubri – R. Brahmaputra 3. NW-3 West Coast Canal in Kerala 4. NW-4 Canals of Tamilnadu Puducherry Canal 5. NW-5 Mahanadi, Brahmaputra rivers and east coast canal
- 19. Major Sea Ports • 12 major and 200 minor sea ports • 95% Foreign Trade • Kandla in Kuchchh (Tidal Port) wake of karachi port • Mumbai Port –Biggest spacious ,well-known sheltered harbor • Jawaharlal Nehru port –Decongest Mumbai port • Marmagao Port- Iron Ore exporting • New mangolare, Kochchi port, tuticorrn, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Paradwip, Kolkata, haldia
- 20. Airways Fastest, Most comfortable & prestigious Covers very difficult Terrains, Mountains and Deserts Privileged means of transport Not Cheap Luggage Constraint It is nationalized in 1953.
- 21. Domestic, International Air Services & Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd. Air Services in India Domestic Indian Airlines Alliance Air International Air India Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd Service to oil and natural gas corporation to inaccessible areas & difficult Terrains like north eastern states
- 22. Communication Act of exchanging Information Means of Communication Personal Mass Indian Postal Network is the Largest Network First Class Mails – Cards, Envelops Second Class Mail – Newspaper, Books
- 23. Personal Communication To improve telephonic communication government had made special provision to extend 24 hours facility to every village in the country statistic landline and mobile services improve to ensure faster personal Communication
- 24. Mass Communication Process of transferring a message to a large group of people Provide entertainment create awareness about national programs and policies It includes Radio, TV, newspapers, internet, magazines, books & films TV and radio –AIR/Doordahan Broadcast Newspapers periodicals magazines published in many languages Hindi English/regional languages India is the largest producer of plums Central Board of film certification is the authority to certify both Indian and Foreign Films
- 25. International Trade • Exchange of goods among people is referred as trade • Trade between two countries is called as international trade • Libeualisational policy 1991 • The balance of trade is difference between its export and import • when the value of export exceeds is called favorable trade • When the value of imports exceeds is called unfavorable trade
- 26. Exports & Import • Exports-Agricultural Products, metal and Jewelry • Import-Petroleum, gems, electronic items and machineries • India is a software giant at international level because it is developed in IT sector Jewelry Spices Imports
- 27. Tourism 4.3 million foreign visited 2015 135 193 rupees crore of foreign exchange 15 people are involved in tourism industry advantages promote National Integration provide support handicraft, development of international understanding about our cultural & heritage foreign tourist visit for heritage, Eco, Adventure, culture, medical, business, tourism
Editor's Notes
- #3: Create an outline to get ready: Introduce the era (Use a mix of media and text) Organize your artifacts to outline what life was like during the era you are presenting Think about using a storyboard to outline your images and ideas Make sure you prepare a clear and well rounded presentation of all aspects of the era (People, jobs, food, transportation, etc. What else should you include so the audience feels like they have visited your era?)