Germplasm characterization.ppt
- 2. Germplasm • A germplasm is a collection of genetic resources for an organism • Plant germplasm is the genetic sources/material used mostly by the plant breeders to develop new cultivars • It include , seeds, other Plant propagules(Leaf, stem,pollens, cultured cells)
- 3. Characterization • Description of plant germplasm • It determines the expression of highly heritable characters ranging from morphological or agronomical features to seed proteins or molecular markers. • Record characters which can be easily seen by the eye and are expressed in all environments. • Most descriptors are species specific • This could be Morphological and/or Molecular Characterization
- 4. MOLECULAR: Characterizing the accession using molecular markers MORPHOLOGICAL: Characterization using the Descriptors for Rice
- 5. Importance of characterization It is essential to provide information on the trait of accessions assuring maximum utilization by the end users.
- 6. Objectives of characterization • To study the genetic diversity of the conserved/ collected germplasm • To identify salient features that distinguish accessions from one another • To identify accessions having useful traits eg: Yield, Panicle type, Plant architecture, maturity
- 7. Characterization Descriptors Enable an easy and quick discrimination between phenotypes. They are generally highly heritable, can be easily seen by the eye and are equally expressed in all environments.
- 8. Expression of characters • Qualitative: Usually through visual observation eg: Anthocyanin coloration present or absent) • Quantitative: Measurable traits eg: leaf length, leaf width, etc.)
- 9. Characterization Data Collection Crop Stages Seedling Vegetative Early reproductive Late reproductive Harvest Post harvest
- 10. Seedling Seedling Height Vegetative Leaf characteristics (color, pubescence) Ligules, collar, auricles etc. Early reproductive Flag-leaf angle (early observation) Spikelet: stigma color, apiculus color, lemma and palea color, awn color (early Observations) etc
- 11. Late reproductive Flag-leaf angle (late observation) Culm: Node and Inter-node color (late observations) Panicle: type, attitude, secondary branching At harvest Senescence Panicle Shattering Post harvest Panicle: length, threshability Grain: length, width, pubescence etc.
- 12. Major parts of rice plant
- 17. Seedling Height (cm) taken at 5-leaf stage approximately 20 days after sowing Measured from the base of the shoot to the tip of the tallest leaf blade Observation & Measurements
- 18. • Basal leaf sheath color at late vegetative stage
- 19. Leaf blade color at late vegetative stage Pale green green Dark green Purple tips Purple margins Purple blotch Purple
- 20. Flag leaf angle • Measured near the collar as the angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis after heading
- 21. Culm angle after flowering Erect - angle is less than 300 Intermediate – angle is about 450 Open – angle is about 600 Spreading – angle is more than 600 / culm do not rest the ground Procumbent – culm or its lower part rests on the ground surface
- 23. Secondary branching of the panicle Absent Light Heavy Clustering
- 24. Panicle exsertion • Well exserted – panicle base appears way above the collar of the flag leaf • Moderately well exserted- panicle base is above the collar of the flag leaf • Just exserted – panicle base coincides with the collar of the flag leaf • Partly exserted- panicle base is slightly beneath the collar of the flag leaf • Enclosed – panicle is partly or entirely enclosed within the leaf sheath of the flag leaf Enclosed Partly exserted Just exserted moderately well well exserted exserted
- 25. Color of stigma
- 26. Awn color
- 27. Awn distribution
- 29. Lemma and Palea color
- 30. Suwandal Plant characters Seedling height 20.5 cm Plant height 90-95cm Culm length 70-72cm No. of tillers 8-10 Panicle length 25cm Flag leaf length 35cm Flag leaf width 1.3cm Leaf blade colour at late vegetative stage Pale green Basal leaf sheath colour at late vegetative stage Green Internode colour after flowering Light gold Flag leaf angle intermediate Culm angle after flowering Open(About 60 0) Leaf angle intermediate Panicle type intermediate Panicle exertion Well exerted Culm strength(lodging resistance) intermediate Suwandal (BgAc 579)
- 31. Suwandal Seed characters Hull colour Orange mixed brown Seed coat(bran) colour white Grain length 7.1mm Grain width 2.3mm 1000 grain weight 20-22g Scent(Aroma) scented
- 32. Rice breeding and crop improvement • Hybridization using local and exotic rice germplasm ( High yielding NIV) • Mutation induction of traditional rice varieties • Screening and evaluation for abiotic stress tolerance (salinity, drought, iron toxicity, submergence) • Screening for pest, disease resistant • Quality rice variety development using traditional rice varieties (Suwandal, Seeraga samba,Suduru samba, Suwanda samba) • Selection of good plant architecture
- 33. Thank you