Get Started with Linux Management Command line Basic Knowledge
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This document provides an introduction to Linux and outlines an agenda for getting started. It covers topics such as the Linux environment, file system operations and structure, utilities, permissions, processes, basic administration, and shortcuts. The document also lists common Linux distributions and gives overviews of what Linux is and its kernel development history.
Get Started with Linux Management Command line Basic Knowledge
- 2. Agenda What’s Linux Know the environment Basic File System operation File System structure Basic utilities Remote access and network operation Know the permissions Process and job management More utilities for daily operation Basic system administration Commonly used shortcuts Next step
- 3. What’s Linux Linux is an operating system that was initially created as a hobby by a young student, Linus Torvalds, at the University of Helsinki in Finland. Linus had an interest in Minix, a small UNIX system, and decided to develop a system that exceeded the Minix standards. He began his work in 1991 when he released version 0.02 and worked steadily until 1994 when version 1.0 of the Linux Kernel was released. The kernel, at the heart of all Linux systems, is developed and released under the GNU General Public License and its source code is freely available to everyone. ... The current full-featured version is 2.6 (released December 2003) and development continues.
- 4. What’s Linux (cont.) Top 10 Distributions Ubuntu Fedora openSUSE Debian GNU/Linux Mandriva Linux Linux Mint PCLinuxOS Slackware Linux Gentoo Linux CentOS FreeBSD(honourable mention) http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major
- 5. Know the environment whoami/id: identify current user who/users: see the logged in users pwd: print working directory passwd: change login password history: view the bash command history uptime: check the system uptime and avg. load uname: view distribution, kernel version date: current system date and time echo $SHELL: what bash is used
- 6. Basic File System operation ls: list files; -a, -l, -h, -t, -r cd: change directory touch: create empty file, or update mtime mkdir: make directory; -p mv: move things cp: copy things; -r rm: remove things; -r df/du: check disk free space, disk usage; -h
- 7. File System structure Path Contents /bin Standard programs /boot Files needed at startup /dev Devices (don't go there) /etc Most configuration /home All home directories (you can only access yours) /lib; /usr/lib Libraries shared by programs /lost+found Files recovered after filesystem errors (never happens really) /mnt; /media Mounted media like cdroms, floppy disks, USB drives /opt Large third party software like Java, Oracle, etc. /proc Information about processes (don't go there) /root root's home directory (you don't have access) /sbin; /usr/sbin System administration programs. Some may be useful to you even. /sys Information about devices (don't go there) /tmp; /var/tmp; /usr/tmp Space for temporary files for everybody /usr/bin Programs (installed by package manager) /usr/local Custom installed software (not by package manager) /usr/src Source code /var Runtime data used by services http://www.odi.ch/prog/shell/
- 8. Basic utilities cat: output file less/more: view content with pager |: pipe >: file redirection; override the old content >>: append to file ln: create link; -s
- 9. Remote access and network operation telnet ssh: secure shell scp: secure copy curl: make cURL call; -I, -i, -d, -X wget: web downloader
- 10. Know the permissions rwx-rwx-rwx: user-group-other (4-2-1) chmod: u,g,o,a; change permissions chown: change file owner sudo: execute command with root privilege
- 11. Process and job management ps: process snapshot; -ax, -aux top: display tasks <cmd> &: run the job in background jobs: list the jobs running in bg & fg bg/fg #<num>: continue job at bg/fg kill: kill a process
- 12. More utilities for daily operation man: show manual of a program tail: show end of file; -n, -f/-s diff: diff files; -u wc: word count; -l sort/uniq: sort content, list unique content time <cmd>: timing the command execution grep <-R/-i> <pattern> <target>: global regular expression print tar/gzip/zip: archive and compress content find/locate: find file and content; -name/-mtime
- 13. Basic system administration useradd, userdel, groupadd chkconfig /etc/rc.* mount free netstat vmstat watch
- 14. Commonly used shortcuts cd -; cd ~; cd .. Ctrl + l Ctrl + c/z/d Ctrl + r Alt + . Ctrl/Alt + b/f, Ctrl + a/e Ctrl + d/h Ctrl + ku Ctrl + /
- 15. Next step vim shell scripts sed awk LPIC
- 16. THANKS! THE END