Getting Creative with Grammar Teaching
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The document discusses various approaches to teaching grammar, including explicit grammar instruction and more communicative, implicit approaches. It presents examples of activities that integrate grammar practice into communicative activities, such as information gap exercises, personalization activities, and creative tasks. It advocates for grammar instruction that is genuinely communicative, focused, formulaic, and provides inherent repetition to help students automatize target structures.
Getting Creative with Grammar Teaching
- 1. Jo Gakonga Getting creative with grammar teaching
- 2. Why does teaching grammar get a bad press?
- 3. Illustrations from Jan, J.M. & Ollúa, R. (1950) El Inglés Práctico; Comercio, Exámenes y Viajes, Buenos Aires: Academias Pitman.
- 4. Do we need to teach grammar at all?
- 5. Catherine Walter IATEFL Plenary 2011 Should we be planning to teach grammar? http://iatefl.britishcouncil.org/2011/sites/iatefl/files/session /documents/walter_grammar_iatefl2011_handout.pdf
- 6. Krashen's Input Hypothesis (1977)
- 7. "Language acquisition does not require extensive use of conscious grammatical rules” Stephen Krashen
- 8. "Acquisition requires meaningful interaction in the target language in which speakers are concerned not with the form of their utterances but with the messages they are conveying and understanding."
- 9. "The best methods are therefore those that supply 'comprehensible input' containing messages that students really want to hear.”
- 10. "The best methods are therefore those that supply 'comprehensible input' containing messages that students really want to hear.” i + 1
- 11. Canadian project 1965 onwards French immersion schools
- 12. “Practice" is replaced by "creative construction”. Learners encouraged to experiment with linguistic forms.
- 13. Errors are not seen as bad
- 14. Canadian immersion studies (Swain 1985; Genesee 1987).
- 15. The result?
- 16. Immersion students often perform as well as native French-speaking students on tests of reading and listening comprehension in French.
- 17. However, they seldom achieve the same high levels of competence in speaking and writing as they achieve in comprehension.
- 18. Three problems: Grammar is less complex and less redundant than that of native speakers. Their grammar is influenced by English grammar. Their use of language is often non-idiomatic
- 19. So, what…..
- 20. Of significance for ESOL learners
- 21. Common ground
- 22. Significant amounts of exposure A real need to communicate (Paucity of opportunity to speak?) Common ground
- 23. So, explicit teaching is necessary….
- 25. Do you agree? Why do you teach grammar?
- 26. Pretty much all course books based on it
- 28. Seen as very traditional but…
- 29. Different / less traditional approaches all include grammar
- 30. Task Based Learning Jane and Dave Willis
- 31. Learners do task and rehearse their language to present to group Learners present what they have practised Teacher gives input on the ‘gap’.
- 32. Dogme Luke Meddings and Scott Thornberry Suggests emergent language but still doesn’t suggest no language teaching
- 33. Do we need to teach grammar? YES!
- 34. What I am NOT saying…..
- 35. If we teach grammar, how should we do it?
- 36. What isn’t so helpful... • Teacher: I found the book. • Students: I found the book. • Teacher: Pen. • Students: I found the pen. • Teacher: Bought. • Students: I bought the pen.
- 37. Example of a mindless gap fill.. Use the present perfect to complete these sentences: 1. I _______ ________ (see) the Eiffel Tower. 2. She ________ _________ (eat) snake. 3. They ________ __________ (swim) in the sea. 4. We ________ _________ (fill) in too many of these gap-fill exercises………
- 39. Creative Automaticity Gatbonton, E. and Segalowitz, N. (1988) ‘Creative automatization: Principles for promoting fluency within a communicative framework’, TESOL Quarterly, 22, 3. ‘The techniques for this approach are designed to provide students with ample opportunities for repetition and practice within a wholly communicative context, without the shortcomings usually characteristic of pattern drills or other more traditional methods’ http://scottthornbury.wordpress.com/?s=A+is+for
- 40. Activities that promote creative automaticity should be … • genuinely communicative • focused • formulaic • inherently repetitive
- 41. Some common examples… • A class photo… • Find someone who… • What’s my line? • What kind of animal am I? (“Do you have four legs? Can you fly? Do you lay eggs?” etc).
- 43. Jill Hadfield’s ‘Creativity in the language classroom’ Modern English Teacher January 2012
- 44. When I am old… When I’m an old woman, I will wear purple And a red hat that doesn’t go and doesn’t suit me And I will spend my pension on brandy and summer gloves and candles, and say we have no money for butter. I will sit down on the pavement when I am tired And gobble up samples in shops and press alarm bells And run my stick along public railings And make up for the sobriety of my youth. I will go out in slippers in the rain And pick the flowers in other people’s gardens And learn to spit. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fr1RU4SM2L8
- 45. I definitely won’t I’ll definitely I’ll probably I might I’ll I probably won’t I might not I won’t
- 47. When I am old, I won’t be quiet and I’ll bother my neighbours. I might have a toy-boy.
- 48. When we are old we will definitely do many crazy and dangerous things, We will wear full make up from morning and we will spend our money for a face lift.
- 49. When I am old, I’ll be a honarable person. I’ll definitely lede the people and I’ll be self-confident.
- 50. • genuinely communicative • focused • formulaic • inherently repetitive
- 52. Present Perfect for experience I’ve never been to India, I’ve never been to France I’ve never eaten frog’s legs And I’ve never learnt to dance. I’ve always lived in Birmingham I’ve never been abroad I’ve always lived at home I’m getting rather bored. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yv7-yCYnAg0
- 53. Present Perfect for experience I’ve never been to India, I’ve never been to France I’ve never eaten frog’s legs And I’ve never learnt to dance. I’ve always lived in Birmingham I’ve never been abroad I’ve always lived at home I’m getting rather bored. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbqXAwpAtLY
- 54. Present Perfect for experience I’ve never been to India, I’ve never been to France I’ve never eaten frog’s legs And I’ve never learnt to dance. I’ve always lived in Birmingham I’ve never been abroad I’ve always lived at home I’m getting rather bored. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbqXAwpAtLY
- 55. Present Perfect for experience Homework.. • Write your own….
- 56. I've never been in Ireland. But I've been in love with Irish man. He had a huge talant to gain women's favor, but he was so mean. He inculcated in me a taste for art and love for adventure. Our love story was bright and unforgettable, but it finished with a phrase "I'm sorry". At parting he gave me a kiss with an fragrant of Irish legend. I've never been in Italy. But I've been in love with Italian. He's been very clever, he's known many languages, but he's been so nervous and so fault-finding person. Well, we let as part friends. He gave me as a keepsake the 33 recipes for Italian pasta and one recipe for happiness.
- 57. Alan Marsh’s article… English Teaching Professional March 2012 The Door to Spontaneity
- 58. Simple past tense questions.. Dates game – Did you / Were you.. 1952 1989 1999 2010
- 60. Also makes a great card game… 1952 1989 1999 2010
- 61. Simple present tense questions.. yes 7 Kenya Birmingham
- 62. Present perfect questions.. For 2 years Since 2000 Since last night For 15 years
- 64. Thrill Drills Milada Krejewska’s blog http://miladakrajewska.wordpress.com/
- 65. A picture paints a few thousand words….
- 67. What is inside? There is… There are…
- 71. It could be… It might be.. It definitely isn’t…
- 73. It looks like …. ..he has… ..he is -ing….
- 74. It looks like …. ..it has… ..it is -ing….
- 79. What are YOUR ideas for grammar practice?
- 80. Thank you! Slideshare- NATECLA 2013 jo.gakonga@elt-training.com