Mang Tomas has 12.5 hectares of land that he wants to divide equally among his sons into plots of 2.5 hectares each. The document asks how many sons Mang Tomas has. It then provides examples of using ratios to compare different quantities, such as the number of boys to girls in a class. Ratios are expressed using a colon or as a fraction. Students are asked to find and express ratios for various word problems involving shapes, classroom items, forest animals, and household objects.