Global Trigger Factors
- 1. 1 Date : 25 - June-2020 Assignment ON Global Trigger Factors NAME: Muhammad Tahir ROLL NO. 54 ASSIGNMENT: Urban Geography SUBMITTED To: Sir Rahim Department of Geography Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan
- 2. 2 Global Trigger Factors for Urbanization are Economic change, Demographic change, Social change, Technological change, Cultural change, Political change and Environmental change. This triggers leads to the processes called Reurbanization, Exurbanization, Suburbanization, Urbanization, Counterurbanization, Exourbanization and Peripheralurbanization. Processes of urban change: Interaction of global ‘trigger forces’ and locally contingent factors result in a number of different processes of urban change. Urbanization occurs when cities grow at the costo Urbanizationgunding countryside. Suburbanization and Urbanization: when the inner ring or commuter belt grows at the expense of the urban core.
- 3. 3 Counterurbanization: when the population loss of the urban core exceeds the population gain of the ring, resulting in the agglomeration losing population overall and Reurbanization: when either the rate of population loss of the core tapers off or the core starts to regain population while the ring still loses population. These processes of urban change are visible to varying degrees in metropolitan areas of both the developed world and the Third World. The phenomena of peripheral urbanization and Urbanizationg are characteristics of cities in the Third World. The concept of peripheral urbanization reflects the expansion of capitalism into Third World regions and employs a political economy perspective to describe the impact of global capitalism on national urban systems in the Third World. Exourbanization is promoted by
- 4. 4 foreign direct investment in Third World countries leading to a pattern of urban growth based on labor-intensive and assembly manufacturing types of export-oriented industrialization, as in the Pearl River delta region of China. The distinction between the urban as a physical entity and the urban as a quality helps us to understand the complexity of urban life, and illuminates different approaches to the study of cities. Four principal methods are employed to identify urban places: Population size, Economic base, Administrative criteria and Functional definitions. An Urban Agglomeration is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together and any
- 5. 5 adjoining urban outgrowths of such towns. Examples of OGs are railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, etc., that may come up near a city or statutory town outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limits of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city. Each such individual area by itself may not satisfy the minimum population limit to qualify it to be treated as an independent urban unit but may deserve to be clubbed with the town as a continuous urban spread. For the purpose of delineation of Urban Agglomerations during Census of India 2011, following criteria are taken as pre-requisites: (a) The core town or at least one of the constituent towns of an urban agglomeration should necessarily be a statutory town; and (b) The total population of all the constituents (i.e. towns and outgrowths) of an Urban
- 6. 6 Agglomeration should not be less than 20,000 (as per the 2001 Census). With these two basic criteria having been met, the following are the possible different situations in which Urban Agglomerations would be constituted: (i) a city or town with one or more contiguous outgrowths; (ii) two or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths; and (iii) a city and one or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths all of which form a continuous spread.