Glossary sound ediding etc
- 1. Glossary Editing: Continuity editing: a system of cutting, used to maintain continuous and clear narrative action. Non-continuity editing: when shots are mismatched to disrupt the impression of time. This draws the audience’s attention to the process of cutting and disturbs the illusion of reality. 180 degree rule: when shooting 2 people, e.g. having a conversation, the camera must stay on one side of the 180 degree line as to not disturb the scene and make it appear the 2 people have switched sides. (If you break this rule, you must show the camera movement to the other side of the line) Cutaway: cutting to an insert shot and back. Shot/ reverse shot: Used in conversation between 2 people. When character 1 is shown looking at character 2, then reversed, then back etc. Eyeline match: shows characters eyes, and then what they’re looking at. Action match: cuts from one shot to another shot, which matches shot 1’s action. This gives the impression of seamless editing as viewers eyes are attracted to movement. Cross-cutting: cutting back and forth between locations. Flashback/forward: scene flashes to cutaway back to past or forward to future. Intercutting: The alternation between actions taking place at two distinct locations to make one composite scene. For example, cutting between two people involved in the same telephone conversation. The distinction between this and cross cutting is one of compression of time. The intercut can be used to speed up a scene and eliminate large pieces of time that would slow a story down Parallel editing: cross cutting between 2 or more scenes happening simultaneously. Elliptical editing: condenses events into a shorter amount of time, for example a montage. Montage: a series of short shots are edited into a sequence to condense space, time, and information.
- 2. Jump cut: cutting between the same shot to show passing of time. This gives a jarring effect. Fade in/ fade out: the screen fades out/in to a black or white screen to end/start a scene. Wipe: the shot wipes across the screen. Dissolve: 1 shot gradually dissolves into the next and for a brief moment both shots are on the screen. Slow motion: the shot goes much slower than usual. Fast motion: the shot goes much faster than usual. Freeze frame: resembles a still photograph. Sound: Diegetic sounds: sounds that occur in the world of the scene; the characters in the scene can also hear them e.g. dialogue. Non-diegetic sounds: sounds coming from outside the world of the scene and narrative space. The characters in the shot cannot hear them. E.g. music, voiceover. Ambient sounds: background sounds present in a location. E.g. traffic. Synchronous sounds: when the image and sound is in sync. You can see the source of the sound. Asynchronous sounds: when the images and sounds are not in sync and you cannot see the source of the sound. E.g. you see a woman scream but you hear a train horn instead. Soundtrack: music used in a film, usually existing songs. Score: Original music written specifically for the film. Incidental music: background music on TV programmes, often during scene transitions. Theme music: music written specifically for a TV show theme. Sound/musical motifs: Sound effects/music associated with a particular character/setting/location e.g. the jaws music. Foley sound effects: everyday sounds to make media productions more realistic e.g. footsteps, breaking glass, squeaky doors. Background: background sound effects to make it more realistic.
- 3. Voice-over: a piece of narration in a film or broadcast, not accompanied by an image of the speaker. Mode of address/direct address: how the text speaks to the audience, and involves them. It also refers to how a text influences the audience. Direct mode of address: The model looks directly at the audience, or the writing speaks to 'you'. Accent: a distinctive way of pronouncing a language, especially one associated with a particular country, area, or social class Tone: a musical or vocal sound with reference to its pitch, quality, and strength Rhythm: the measured flow of words and phrases in verse or prose as determined by the relation of long and short or stressed and unstressed syllables. Overlapping dialogue: characters talking at the same time. Fade in: the sound fades in. Fade out: the sound fades out. Sound bridges: sound/music that links 2 or more scenes together Edit on the beat: cut to beat editing Edit on the cut: matching sound transitions to when the video cuts. Reverberation: the persistence of a sound after it’s produced Delay: the repetition of a sound creating a repeating, delaying effect. Distortion: audio effect which produces fuzzy/growling/gritty tone. Echo: sound or sounds caused by the reflection of sound waves from a surface back to the listener