GNU Make, Autotools, CMake 簡介
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This document provides an overview of GNU Make, Autotools, and CMake. It begins with a disclaimer and then outlines the topics to be covered, including GNU Make, Autotools, CMake, comparisons between the tools, and a question and answer section. The document recommends using tabs rather than spaces for indentation in code examples.
![✽Ꮿ┳ⓗ䠈ྍ௨┳฿make⌮recipeⓗ
᪉ᘧ產⏕᪂ⓗprocess䠈ᇳ⾜recipe䠈
↛ᚋ⤖᮰ヱprocess
$ strace -f make
vfork(Process 8949 attached (waiting for parent)
Process 8949 resumed (parent 8947 ready)
) = 8949
[pid 8949] execve("/bin/mkdir", ["mkdir", "-p", "test"],
[/* 42 vars */]) = 0
<... wait4 resumed> [{WIFEXITED(s) &&
WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], 0, NULL) = 8949
--- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) ---](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gnumakeautotoolscmake-140709125601-phpapp01/85/GNU-Make-Autotools-CMake-41-320.jpg)
![configure.ac
# せồ∧ᮏ
AC_PREREQ([2.68])
# ዓ௳㈨イ
AC_INIT([Test_Autotools], [0], [test])
# ⤥Automake㈨イ䠈foreign⾲♧⏝GNUᶆ‽
# ஓᑵ㟂せchangelog, AUTHORS➼᷐
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([foreign -Wall -Werror])](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gnumakeautotoolscmake-140709125601-phpapp01/85/GNU-Make-Autotools-CMake-67-320.jpg)
![configure.ac
# config᷐
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
# ᮏḟdemo⏝ static library
AC_PROG_RANLIB
# Makefile ㊰ᚏ
AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile src/Makefile
libs/Makefile])](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gnumakeautotoolscmake-140709125601-phpapp01/85/GNU-Make-Autotools-CMake-68-320.jpg)
GNU Make, Autotools, CMake 簡介
- 1. GNU Make, Autotools, CMake ⡆ Wen Liao
- 3. ┠ᶆ ● ⡆GNU Make, Autotools, CMake ○ AutotoolsCMake㒊௷ᴟᗘ⡆
- 4. ヨ⎔ቃ
- 5. Outline ● GNU Make ● Autotools ● CMake ● ཨ⪃㈨ᩱ ● Q & A
- 6. ඛ‽ഛ ● Ⅽᝍⓗ⏕άᖾ⚟⨾⁹䠈ㄳ☜ㄆ⦅㍴ჾᨭ㢷 ♧✵ⓑᏐඖ<tab>Ꮠඖ! geany: <tab> trailing space vim:
- 7. 㜝GNU Make ● man make ○ GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs ○ ???
- 8. ┤᥋┳Ꮚ ᛠ㯟⦅㆞?
- 10. ຍ☞䠈㏺ಶᛠ㯟⦅㆞?
- 12. 㑣㯟ୖⓒಶ᷐ᛠ㯟㎨䠛ᡴ฿Ṛ䠛
- 13. ᑙ᷐㔞⦅㆞ⓗၥ㢟 ● ᡃ⬟⬟ᡴ୍⾜ᣦ௧ᑵᖳᡃ⮬ື⦅㆞? ● ᡃ⬟⬟ྈ⦅㆞᭦ື㐣ⓗ᷐? ○ ໟྵᨵ*.h᷐ᑞ᠕*.c㒔ྍ௨⮬ື㔜⦅ ● ྍྍ௨᭷ἄ᭷㟰άⓗ⦅㆞⤌ែ? ○ タᐃdebug mode㑏release mode ○ タᐃ⦅㆞ჾ㑅㡯 ○ Compile timeᣦᐃᕧ㞟 ■ -DMY_VAR=1 ○ ...
- 14. Yes You Can!
- 15. 㜝GNU Make ● man make ○ The purpose of the make utility is to determine automatically which pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issue the commands to recompile them. ○ ⓑヰ: ༠ຓ⦅㆞ⓗೃỴᐃ ■ 㑣㒊௷せ㔜⦅ ■ ᣦᐃ㔜᪂⦅㆞ⓗືస
- 16. Hello Makefile target prerequisites recipe ୍ᐃせ<tab>㛤㢌! ௨ୗἣ᭳ᇳ⾜recipe ● ᪂ቔ䠖target᷐Ꮡᅾ ○ ㏻ᖖtarget୍ಶ᷐䠈ణ㏺ᚲせᲄ௳ ● ᭦᪂䠖prerequisites᷐᭦ື㛫ẚtarget᷐ 㑏せ᪂
- 17. ㄡ說Makefile୍ᐃせ⦅㆞᷐? target prerequisites ୍㛤ጞྈ᭷Makefile䠈ୗmakeฟ⌧㘒ㄗ說↓ἲ產⏕dep_file 產⏕dep_fileᚋ᭳ᇳ⾜@echo Test 產⏕test_fileᑵᇳ⾜@echo Test ᭦᪂dep_file ᭦ື㛫ᚋ᭳ᇳ⾜@echo Test recipe
- 18. ᶞ≪target ● ➨୍ಶtarget✃Ⅽdefault target䠈ஓmakeⓗ㐍ධ㯶䚹 ● @⾲♧せᢕᣦ௧༳ฟ䠈ྍ௨⦎⩦ᢕᣡᤶ┳┳䚹 ● $@ᒎ㛤ᚋtargetⓗྡ✃
- 19. ㄳẚᑞୖ㡫䠈やᐹ㡰ᗎ䟿
- 20. ㆰᩝ ● タᐃ ○ VAR = VAL ○ VAR := VAL ○ VAL ?= VAL ○ VAR += VAL ○ ᡃ᠐ⓗ ● タᐃᶵ ○ ᷐䠈㏻ᖖᑵMakefile內 ○ make ௧ⓗཨᩝ ○ ⎔ቃㆰᩝ ● ྲྀ值 ○ $(VAR)
- 21. VAR = VAL VAR := VAL VAL ?= VAL VAR += VAL
- 22. ୕ᑠ䠛
- 23. ㆰᩝタᐃ: 㐃ືᆺ = VAR1 ➨୍ḟタᐃ VAR2 ⓗ值VAR1┦ྠ ༳ฟVAR2ⓗ內ᐜ VAR1 ➨ḟタᐃ ༳ฟVAR2ⓗ內ᐜ
- 25. ㆰᩝタᐃ䠖❧้⏕ᩀᆺ := ྈᨵ㏺⾜䠈ᢕ = ᨵᡂ :=
- 27. ㆰᩝタᐃ: 㡸タᆺ ?=
- 29. ㆰᩝタᐃ䠖ຍ☞ᆺ +=
- 31. ᑠ⤖ タᐃ ⌮ゎ᪉ᘧ VAR = VAL 㐃ືᙧ VAR := VAL ❧༶⏕ᩀᙧ VAL ?= VAL 㡸タᙧ VAR += VAL ຍ☞ᙧ ᡃ᠐ⓗ ᠐ⓗ▱㐨ᛠ㯟ゎ㔚
- 32. 內ᘓㆰᩝ (⠇㗴) ྡ✃ ព⩏ $@ targetྡ✃ $^ ᡤ᭷ⓗprerequisitesྡ✃ $< ➨୍ಶprerequisiteྡ✃ ⏝㏵அ୍䠖 target: dep1.c inc.h test.h <tab> gcc -o $@ $< $? ẚtarget㑏᪂ⓗprerequisitesྡ✃
- 33. ⠊ タᐃせ產⏕ⓗᇳ⾜᷐ タᐃせ⦅㆞ⓗ⛬ᘧ᷐ ⦅㆞ཨᩝ ᒎ㛤ㆰᩝ䠈౫ᒎ㛤ⓗ ㆰᩝ⦅㆞᷐ Ύ㝖產⏕ⓗ᷐つ๎
- 34. ┠㗴ୗ᭷ཎጞ᷐Makefile ⦅㆞᭷ᒎ㛤ㆰᩝ୪ᣦᐃᑞ ᠕᷐┠㗴ୗ᭷ཎጞ᷐ Makefile ᇳ⾜᷐ᕬ⥂產⏕ Ύ㝖ᇳ⾜᷐୪㔜᪂⦅㆞
- 37. function⠇㗴 ● ㄒἲ ○ $(ภᩝྡ✃ ཨᩝ) ศ㢮 ภᩝྡ✃ 說᫂ ⠊ (ㄳ㈞฿Makefileᐿ !) イᜥ $(waring イᜥ) 㢷♧㆙࿌イᜥ௨ཬᑞ᠕ⓗ⾜ $(warning Your gcc version is too old) $(error イᜥ) 㢷♧㘒ㄗイᜥ䚸ᑞ᠕ⓗ⾜ᚋ⤖᮰ make conf=my_file $(error file $(conf) not found) Ꮠ୵ ⌮ $(subst from,to,⌮ᩥᏐ) Ꮠ୵᭰,ᚋ㠃✵ⓑⅭཨᩝⓗ୍㒊௷ $(warning $(subst .c,.o,test.c hello.c)) $(patsubst pattern,᭰ᩥᏐ,⌮ᩥᏐ) patternᏐ୵᭰,ᚋ㠃✵ⓑⅭཨᩝⓗ୍ 㒊௷䚹%௦⾲௵ព㛗ᗘⓗ௵ពᏐඖ䚹 $(warning $(patsubst t%.c,a%.o,test.c hello.c)) $(shell ௧) ᇳ⾜௧䠈ᅇബᩥᏐ⤖ᯝ $(warning $(shell ls /))
- 38. 㐃⧰ᢏ ● OBJS=$(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(shell ls *.c))
- 39. ᖖぢ㘒ㄗ䠖ẗಶrecipe ᇳ⾜≪ែᘏ⧰ 㐀ᡂⓗᝒ ⠊䠖ᘓ❧୍ಶ┠㗴䠈㐍ධヱ┠㗴๓ᚋ ༳ฟ┠๓ᕤస┠㗴☜ㄆษ┠㗴ᡂຌ
- 40. 㛤⊼䠈ἄ᭷ษ฿test┠㗴
- 41. ✽Ꮿ┳ⓗ䠈ྍ௨┳฿make⌮recipeⓗ ᪉ᘧ產⏕᪂ⓗprocess䠈ᇳ⾜recipe䠈 ↛ᚋ⤖᮰ヱprocess $ strace -f make vfork(Process 8949 attached (waiting for parent) Process 8949 resumed (parent 8947 ready) ) = 8949 [pid 8949] execve("/bin/mkdir", ["mkdir", "-p", "test"], [/* 42 vars */]) = 0 <... wait4 resumed> [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], 0, NULL) = 8949 --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) ---
- 42. ᑠ⤖ ● GNU make: ༠ຓ⦅㆞ⓗೃỴᐃ ○ 㑣㒊௷せ㔜⦅ ○ ᣦᐃ㔜᪂⦅㆞ⓗືస ● ᡤ௨ᑃMakefile䠈せᥥ㏙ ○ 產⏕᷐ཎጞ᷐ⓗ㜝⫃ᛶ ○ ␜㏺ல᷐᭦ື㛫㜝ಀ᭷ㆰⓗೃ䠈ヱ ொ㯟?
- 43. ⿵1: ἄ᭷Makefileⓗmake ┠๓┠㗴ἄ᭷Makefile ↷ᶏmakeქქ ↷ᶏmake++
- 45. make -p CPP㏺㑔ྍC++䠈᭷ ⯆㊃man cpp 㑏グᚓㆰᩝႫ䠛
- 46. make -p (᥋㜝䠅 make᭷內ᘓ㡸タⓗ⌮つ๎䠈ㄳୖ㡫ㆰᩝ௨ཬ๓㠃ⓗㄒ ἲᑞ↷
- 48. ⋵┳┳ Ύ㝖binary 產⏕᪂᷐䠈ྡ✃Ⅽclean ᷐cleanᏑᅾ䠈↓ἲΎ㝖binary ᚲ㡲㝖᷐cleanᡯ⬟ᇳ⾜target
- 49. ศᯒ ● recipe ⓗᇳ⾜target௨ཬprerequisites᷐ 㛫㈨イ᭷㜝 ● cleanⓗ┠ⓗ୪せ產⏕clean᷐䠈ஓᑵ 說targetᇳ⾜recipetargetྰⅭ᷐↓㜝
- 50. .PHONY ● ᷐↓㜝ⓗtarget ● ⏝ἲ .PHONY: ௨✵ⓑ㝸㛤ⓗTARGETྡ✃ ● ⠊ .PHONY: clean install
- 51. ಟṇ .PHONYᅾ㏺㑔
- 52. ┳┳ᩀᯝ
- 53. ᘏఙ㢟ᮦ/ᅇᐙຌㄢ ● ዴఱ⮬ື㐍ධྠ┠㗴Make? ● ዴఱ⮬ື產⏕C source᷐Header᷐rule? ○ hello.c includes f1.h, f2.h䠈ඳኳᚋཪຍධf3.h䚹ᡭືᨵ ᚇ⣼䚹 ● ᭷ἄ᭷㎨ἲᢕᡤ᭷ⓗタᐃᨺᅾ᷐內⤥ Makefile include?
- 55. Outline ● GNU Make ● Autotools ● CMake ● ཨ⪃㈨ᩱ ● Q & A
- 56. 」⩦䠖GNU Makeᑠ⤖ ● GNU make: ༠ຓ⦅㆞ⓗೃỴᐃ ○ 㑣㒊௷せ㔜⦅ ○ ᣦᐃ㔜᪂⦅㆞ⓗືస ● ᡤ௨ᑃMakefile䠈せᥥ㏙ ○ 產⏕᷐ཎጞ᷐ⓗ㜝⫃ᛶ ○ ␜㏺ல᷐᭦ື㛫㜝ಀ᭷ㆰⓗೃ䠈ヱ ொ㯟?
- 57. 㑣㯟᭳ொ㯟㑏せ᭷autotools ● ㊬ᖹྎⓗၥ㢟 ○ memset v.s. bzero ○ ㊰ᚏ䚸᷐ྠ ○ system callྠ ● ྠᖹྎ ○ ภᘧᗜ∧ᮏྠ䠈prototypeྍ⬟ྠ ● ┦౫ᛶၥ㢟
- 58. autotools ● autotoolⓗ┠ⓗᑵ產⏕ᖹྎୖྍ௨⦅㆞ⓗ⎔ ቃ ● Ⅽ㐩฿㏺ᶏⓗ┠ⓗ䠈⣔⤫㟂せ฿ୗ㠃ⓗຌ ⬟ ○ ᷙ查ᖹྎ⎔ቃ ○ 產⏕Makefile
- 62. ᚇ」㞯䠛ཱྀ㢌ㅮᑵ 1. ⮬ᖿᡈ㊝ᕤලᚋ產⏕᭦ືconfigure. ac䠈ᑃMakefile.am 2. ㊝ᕤල產⏕configure, Makefile.in config.in 3. ㊝configure䠈產⏕Makefileconfig.h 4. make; make install
- 63. 㑏᠐䠛┳⠊ ఼せᑃⓗᮾす
- 64. autoreconfᖳ఼ྉ┦㜝ᕤ ලዴaclocal, autoconf, automake➼
- 65. 產⏕ฟⓗ᷐
- 66. 產⏕ฟⓗ᷐
- 67. configure.ac # せồ∧ᮏ AC_PREREQ([2.68]) # ዓ௳㈨イ AC_INIT([Test_Autotools], [0], [test]) # ⤥Automake㈨イ䠈foreign⾲♧⏝GNUᶆ‽ # ஓᑵ㟂せchangelog, AUTHORS➼᷐ AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([foreign -Wall -Werror])
- 68. configure.ac # config᷐ AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h]) # ᮏḟdemo⏝ static library AC_PROG_RANLIB # Makefile ㊰ᚏ AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile src/Makefile libs/Makefile])
- 69. configure.ac # ᦏᑜCC ⦅㆞ჾ AC_PROG_CC # ⤖᮰config䠈㛤ጞ產⏕┦㜝᷐ AC_OUTPUT
- 70. Makfile.am SUBDIRS = libs src
- 71. libs/Makefile.am # ᣦᐃinclude㊰ᚏ AM_CFLAGS = -I../include # 產⏕liba.a libb.b # lib_௦⾲Ᏻ⿶せᨺᅾ$(prefix)/lib୰ # 㡸タprefix=/usr/local lib_LIBRARIES = liba.a libb.a
- 72. libs/Makefile.am # 產⏕liba.aⓗ┦౫᷐ liba_a_SOURCES = liba.c liba.h # 產⏕libb.aⓗ┦౫᷐ libb_a_SOURCES = libb.c libb.h # Ᏻ⿶฿$(prefix)/includeⓗ᷐ include_HEADERS = ../include/liba.h .. /include/libb.h
- 73. src/Makefile.am # ᣦᐃlinkီலlibrary LDADD = ../libs/liba.a ../libs/libb.a # ᣦᐃinclude㊰ᚏ AM_CFLAGS = -I../include
- 74. src/Makefile.am # Ᏻ⿶฿$(prefix)/bin bin_PROGRAMS = test # 產⏕ⓗ᷐┦౫ⓗ᷐ test_SOURCES = test.c
- 75. ● configure ● make ● make install ● make dist # ⮬ືᖳ఼ᡴໟtarball
- 80. ᑠ⤖ ● ⏝autotools㟂せ⮬ᕫᑃ ○ configure.ac ○ Makefile.am ● ୖ㠃ⓗ⠊ᴟᗘ⡆␎
- 81. ᘏఙ㢟ᮦ/ᅇᐙຌㄢ ● ዴఱ產⏕shared library? ● ྰ᭷᭦⫄᫂ⓗlibrary產⏕᪉ᘧ䠛 ○ hint: libtools
- 83. Outline ● GNU Make ● Autotools ● CMake ● ཨ⪃㈨ᩱ ● Q & A
- 84. 㜝CMake CMake1999ᖺ᥎ฟⓗ㛤※⮬⏤㌾㧓ィ␓䠈┠ⓗ ᥦ౪ྠᖹྎஅ㛫ඹྠⓗ⦅㆞⎔ቃ䚹 ≉ᛶ: ● ᨭྠᖹྎ ● ྍ௨ᑘBuildཎᮏ⛬ᘧ☞ศ㛤 ○ out-place build ○ in-place build ● ᨭcacheຍᛌ⦅㆞㏿ᗘ
- 85. ὶ⛬ ● ᑃCMakeLists.txt ● ⏝⪅ᇳ⾜cmake ○ 產⏕ヱᖹྎᑞ᠕ⓗ⦅㆞⎔ቃ᷐ዴMakefile➼ ● ⏝⪅ᇳ⾜ᖹྎୖⓗ⦅㆞᪉ἲ ○ ዴmake ● ⏝⪅ᇳ⾜cmake installᏳ⿶㌾㧓䚹
- 86. ⠊ ఼せᑃⓗᮾす
- 87. CMakeLists.txt # ∧ᮏ㟂ồ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8) # ఼ⓗProjectྡ✃ project(testcmake)
- 88. CMakeLists.txt # タᐃㆰᩝ set(SRC_DIR src) set(LIB_DIR libs) set(INC_DIR include) # Compile flags set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-Wall -Werror")
- 89. CMakeLists.txt # ᣦ௧include┠㗴 include_directories(${INC_DIR}) # ࿌ッCMakeせཤୗิⓗ┠㗴⦅㆞ add_subdirectory(${SRC_DIR}) add_subdirectory(${LIB_DIR}) add_subdirectory(${INC_DIR})
- 90. libs/CMakeLists.txt # タᐃㆰᩝ䠈ᣦᐃlibrary┦౫ီಶ᷐ set(liba_SRCS liba.c) set(libb_SRCS libb.c) # ᣦᐃ⦅㆞ᆺᘧⅭshared library add_library(a SHARED ${liba_SRCS}) add_library(b SHARED ${libb_SRCS})
- 91. libs/CMakeLists.txt # Ᏻ⿶᱁ᘧ # install(TARGETS ภᘧᗜྡ✃ LIBRARY # DESTINATION Ᏻ⿶┠㗴㊰ᚏ) install(TARGETS a b LIBRARY DESTINATION lib)
- 92. src/CMakeLists.txt # タᐃㆰᩝ set(test_SRCS test.c) # 產⏕ᇳ⾜᷐ add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${test_SRCS}) # ᣦ௧linkภᘧᗜ target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} a b)
- 93. src/CMakeLists.txt # Ᏻ⿶᱁ᘧ # install(TARGETS ᇳ⾜᷐ྡ✃ # DESTINATION Ᏻ⿶┠㗴㊰ᚏ) install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME} DESTINATION bin)
- 94. include/CMakeLists.txt # install(FILES Header᷐ྡ✃ # DESTINATION Ᏻ⿶┠㗴㊰ᚏ) install(FILES liba.h libb.h DESTINATION include)
- 95. out-place build
- 100. ᑠ⤖ ● ఼せᑃCMakeLists.txt䠈ᣦᐃせ㐍ධီல┠㗴 ⦅㆞䠈ᡈ┦㜝ⓗ᷐௨ཬ㡸ᮇ⦅㆞Ᏻ⿶ⓗ ᆺែ ● ୖ㠃ⓗ⠊ᴟᗘ⡆␎
- 101. ᘏఙ㢟ᮦ/ᅇᐙຌㄢ ● ヲ⣽ㄒἲ ○ ㆰᩝタᐃ ○ ᲄ௳タᐃ ○ ᕧ㞟ภᩝ ● ᡴໟ᪉ᘧ
- 103. Outline ● GNU Make ● Autotools ● CMake ● ཨ⪃㈨ᩱ ● Q & A
- 104. ཨ⪃㈨ᩱ ● GNU Makeᡭ ○ http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html ● GNU Make ᛌ㏿ཨ⪃ ○ http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make. html#Quick-Reference ● GNU Automakeᡭ ○ http://www.gnu. org/software/automake/manual/automake.html ● Alexandre Duret Lutz: Autotools Tutorial ( ᥎) ○ https://www.lrde.epita.fr/~adl/autotools.html
- 105. ཨ⪃㈨ᩱ ● CMake Wiki ○ http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CMake ● CMake-tutorial (᥎) ○ https://github.com/TheErk/CMake-tutorial
- 106. Outline ● GNU Make ● Autotools ● CMake ● ཨ⪃㈨ᩱ ● Q & A