Good design the fundamentals
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The document discusses the fundamentals of urban design, emphasizing the importance of creating successful public spaces and the roles of various stakeholders such as developers, planners, architects, and engineers. It highlights the economic, social, and environmental benefits of good design, including increased property values and community well-being, while also addressing challenges and resistance to prioritizing quality in urban planning. Various tools and frameworks like design codes and awards are proposed to raise design standards and encourage collaboration among stakeholders.
Good design the fundamentals
- 1. GOOD DESIGN – THE FUNDAMENTALS Graeme Moore BA (hons), Dip TP, MA (Urban Design)
- 2. URBAN DESIGN What is it? Many ways of interpreting it – my personal favourite being: The art of making successful places for people
- 3. URBAN DESIGN What is good design? Firmness Will it last? Delight Does it look good? Functionality Does it work?
- 4. URBAN DESIGN Is this good design?
- 5. URBAN DESIGN Creating a “sense of place”
- 6. URBAN DESIGN Making great places
- 7. URBAN DESIGN Who’s involved? We’re all urban designers! “If you are involved with shaping the environment, the way it looks, feels, and works, then YOU are an urban designer”. Who are some of the key players…?
- 8. URBAN DESIGN Developers “A new housing estate would give many people a chance to enjoy rural life” Good at: Extracting value Delivering schemes
- 9. URBAN DESIGN Planners Good at: Setting strategy Negotiation Decision making Setting the benchmarks
- 10. URBAN DESIGN Architects Good at: Designing buildings but not necessarily places
- 11. URBAN DESIGN Highway Engineers Big impact Good at: Designing roads for traffic Bad at: Making humane places
- 12. URBAN DESIGN - SCALE Importance of scale
- 13. URBAN DESIGN - SCALE
- 14. URBAN DESIGN - SCALE
- 15. URBAN DESIGN Understanding the urban ‘grain’
- 16. URBAN DESIGN – URBAN GRAIN
- 17. URBAN DESIGN Making the connections
- 18. URBAN DESIGN - CONNECTIVITY
- 19. URBAN DESIGN - CONNECTIVITY
- 20. URBAN DESIGN Connectivity - Walkability
- 21. URBAN DESIGN - WALKABILITY
- 22. URBAN DESIGN - WALKABILITY
- 23. URBAN DESIGN Designing for play
- 24. URBAN DESIGN - DESIGNING FOR PLAY
- 25. URBAN DESIGN – DESIGNING FOR PLAY The local example:
- 26. URBAN DESIGN - DESIGNING FOR PLAY
- 27. URBAN DESIGN – DESIGNING FOR PLAY
- 28. URBAN DESIGN Taming the car
- 29. URBAN DESIGN – TAMING THE CAR Ashford, Kent Ring Road redevelopment Existing 40mph dual carriageway removed Shared surface implemented; Accidents reduced by 20%
- 30. URBAN DESIGN – TAMING THE CAR Poynton – Cheshire Over 30,000 vehicles a day, 6% HGV’s
- 31. URBAN DESIGN – TAMING THE CAR Homezones
- 32. URBAN DESIGN – LIBERATING THE STREETS
- 33. URBAN DESIGN Fighting the Philistines…
- 34. URBAN DESIGN - Creative Lighting
- 35. URBAN DESIGN – Public Art
- 36. Making the case for good design
- 37. Making the case for good design THINKING IT THROUGH: Character Sense of place
- 38. THINKING IT THROUGH: Character Architectural quality
- 39. THINKING IT THROUGH: Roads, Parking & Pedestrianisation Car parking in the street scene
- 40. THINKING IT THROUGH: Roads, parking and pedestrian environment Appropriate street design
- 41. THINKING IT THROUGH: Roads parking and pedestrian environment Overlooked public space
- 42. THINKING IT THROUGH: Design & Construction Well-designed public space
- 43. THINKING IT THROUGH And one final thing: Good buildings, turn corners!
- 44. THINKING IT THROUGH The humble house extension
- 45. THINKING IT THROUGH - EXTENSIONS
- 46. THINKING IT THROUGH - EXTENSIONS
- 47. THINKING IT THROUGH - EXTENSIONS
- 48. URBAN DESIGN It’s all about the economics, stupid!
- 49. MAKING THE CASE FOR GOOD DESIGN Research by North West RDA (2011): - economic benefits of good design; 68% believed that good design was important / very important; 74% believed that good design adds value in terms of increased rents and capital values; 74% said that good design would be a determining factor in attracting companies to an area. 48% said that good design would be a very important factor in attracting investment and funding
- 50. MAKING THE CASE FOR GOOD DESIGN ...but there is a body of resistance At least one senior adviser has advised Government that: Schools only need to be, ‘good enough’; and Good design is a ‘burden’ on developers Frankly, this kind of thinking is not good enough.
- 51. MAKING THE CASE FOR GOOD DESIGN
- 52. MAKING THE CASE FOR GOOD DESIGN Main conclusions There is strong evidence that economic, social and environmental returns increase with better design An increase of up to 20% in rental and capital value can be added by good urban design Increased quality speeds up the lettings and sales rates of a scheme Quality design generally reduces the whole life costs of a building or space Good urban design helps to stimulate the wider regeneration of an area and improve its image Substantial costs are often associated with poor urban design
- 53. BENEFICIARIES OF GOOD DESIGN Investors •Greater security of investment •Higher rental returns •Increased asset value on which to borrow •Reduced running costs •Better re-sale values •Higher-quality longer-term tenants Developers • Quicker permissions • Increased public support • Higher sales values • Distinctiveness • Increased funding potential • Better reputation Occupiers • Reduced costs on energy usage and major repairs • Happier workforce • Better productivity • Increased business confidence • Fewer disruptive moves • Greater accessibility to other uses / facilities • Increased prestige Local Authorities • Regenerative potential • Reduced time spent on reactive planning • Reduced public expenditure on crime prevention and urban management • More time for pro-active planning • Increased economic viability for neighbouring uses • Increased local tax revenue Wider Community • Better security and less crime • Increased cultural vitality • Better quality of life • More inclusive public space • Greater civic pride • Higher property prices
- 54. ADVANTAGES OF GOOD DESIGN. WHAT THE PROPERTY AGENTS SAID: • “It’s what attracts people to a property in the first place.” • “Extremely important to saleability.” • “Even more important now, the most important thing is getting someone interested.” • “At times like this, design is something that can be used as a real selling feature.” • “Character of the area is important.” • “Space and layout is crucial.” • “Well-designed properties are the only ones that are moving at the moment.” • “Impression is important with offices.” • ‘People are looking for something with character and good space for money.”
- 55. URBAN DESIGN Raising the bar – how, what, why?
- 56. RAISING THE BAR
- 57. RAISING THE BAR How do you begin to improve quality? Design Guides; Urban Design Frameworks; Design Codes; Building for Life; Initiatives and awards; Design Review; and SketchUp!
- 58. DESIGN GUIDES What can they do? Support planning policy; Facilitate collaboration; Express vision; Set design standards; and Indicate next steps
- 59. DESIGN GUIDES Policy Set a framework for urban design; Provide a framework for development management; Contribute to a review of plans and policies
- 60. DESIGN GUIDES Collaboration Reflect views; Provide a basis for dialogue; Save time; Establish a consensus
- 61. DESIGN GUIDES Vision Express a coherent vision; Provide a degree of certainty; Create greater awareness Provide a basis for valuing sites
- 62. DESIGN GUIDES Design Standards Describe/illustrate urban form; Provide info on standards; Inspire better architecture; Educate.
- 63. URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORKS What are they? A bridge between policy and implementation; Illustrates how policies and principles should be implemented Why? Help deliver change across a wide area; and Give confidence.
- 64. URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORKS Content can range from a whole town, to an area or specific site; Important to explain what they are trying to achieve; Frameworks sit above and inform; Masterplans; Design Codes; and Site Briefs
- 65. URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORKS The local example: Wakefield Kirkgate Aims Improve Connectivity; Improve the public realm; and Support high quality new development.
- 66. DESIGN CODES What are they? Design codes improve design quality, tying down ‘must have’ design parameters; ensure consistency (and where appropriate differentiation) in the delivery of key site-wide design principles between development phases; greater certainty about outcomes and certainty to developers about the process; bring key stakeholders together.
- 67. DESIGN CODES Why? secure higher (sustainable) design quality; to deliver more consistent outcomes of long-term projects; and to provide a more effective planning process, through expedited reserved matters processes, swifter permissions for those who comply, and by offering greater certainly for developers.
- 68. DESIGN CODES How? Local Authorities/Public Bodies (HCA); Landowners; Derwenthorpe, York Newhall, Harlow, Essex Public/Private Partnership East Kettering, Kettering BC Prince of Wales, Pontefract
- 69. DESIGN CODES – PRINCE OF WALES
- 70. DESIGN CODES – PRINCE OF WALES
- 71. DESIGN CODES – PRINCE OF WALES
- 72. DESIGN CODES – PRINCE OF WALES
- 73. DESIGN CODES – PRINCE OF WALES
- 74. BUILDING FOR LIFE Building for Life 12 (BfL 12) is the industry standard for the design of new housing developments.
- 75. BUILDING FOR LIFE Anyone can use it; 20 Questions replaced with a traffic light system; Green shows the question has been addressed; Red identifies aspects that need to change; Amber where there is clear evidence of local constraints
- 76. BUILDING FOR LIFE 3 Key Themes: Integrating into Neighbourhoods; Creating a place; and Street & Homes 4 Questions in each theme.
- 77. BUILDING FOR LIFE Integrating into neighbourhoods: Connections? Facilities & services? Public transport Meeting local housing requirements.
- 78. BUILDING FOR LIFE Creating a place: Character; Working with the site and its context; Creating well defined streets and spaces; and Easy to find your way around.
- 79. BUILDING FOR LIFE Street & home: Streets for all; Car parking; Public and private spaces External storage and amenity space.
- 80. BUILDING FOR LIFE “Homes that sell for the highest amount and quicker than others have great kerb appeal. Built for Life schemes have this special kerb appeal. The streets and homes are better arranged - they are better designed laces and will sell better in the future on the second hand market” Mike Fallowell FRICS, Co- founder, Newton Fallowell.
- 81. DESIGN AWARDS & INITIATIVES The benefits of running an awards scheme are that they are extremely useful for: Celebrating good design: raising the profile of existing good design highlights work which should be brought to a wider audience for its excellence. Encouraging good design rewarding good schemes sets benchmarks for future work, encouraging others to match or exceed them. Promoting good design for everyone – professionals, clients, planners, funders, and the public – should be able to understand the benefits of good design, and this is often best demonstrated by using successful examples.
- 82. DESIGN REVIEW Design review is a tried and tested, well respected, independent peer-review system that aims to improve the design quality of new developments and speed up the planning process.
- 83. DESIGN REVIEW
- 84. SKETCHUP A 3D modelling programme originally from Google. Can be used at varying scales Useful planning tool. Sheffield, Manchester (via ARUP), Leeds (via ARUP) and NewcastleGateshead have their entire cities in 3D form. Revenue Stream?
- 85. BIG RISK’S, BUT BIGGER REWARDS