2. What Is An Annotated Bibliography?
A list of citations to books, articles, and documents.
Followed by a brief (usually about 150 words)
descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the annotation.
Informing the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and
quality of the sources cited.
Each entry includes all the information included in a list
of works cited.
The citations have the appropriate bibliographic format
(e.g., MLA, APA) required by your professor.
3. Annotations Versus Abstracts
Abstracts -
are descriptive summaries found at the
beginning of scholarly journal articles or in
periodical indexes.
Annotations -
are descriptive and critical; exposing the
author's point of view, clarity and authority.
4. What is the purpose
purpose of an
annotated bibliography?
A review of the literature on a particular subject.
Illustrates the quality of research done and
encourages critical thinking about the content of the
works used.
Provides examples of the types of sources available.
Describes other items on a topic that may be of
interest to others doing research.
5. Why
Why should I write an annotated
bibliography?
To learn about your topic in preparation for a research
project.
To develop a thesis that is debatable, interesting, and
current.
To review the literature and determine where your own
research fits into the issues.
To read and respond to a variety of sources on a topic,
developing a unique viewpoint through careful and critical
reading.
6. What is the Process
Process?
CONCISE DESCRIPTION, SUCCINCT ANALYSIS,
AND INFORMED LIBRARY RESEARCH
Locate and record citations to books, periodicals,
and documents that may contain useful information
and ideas on your topic.
Briefly examine and review the actual items.
Choose those works that provide a variety of
perspectives on your topic.
7. What Happens Next
Next?
Cite the book, article, or document using the appropriate style.
(MLA, APA, Chicago).
Write an explanation summarizing the central theme and scope of
the source showing that you have read and understand it.
Include one or more sentences that:
Evaluate the authority or qualifications of the author
Comment on the intended audience,
Compare or contrast this work with the worth, effectiveness, and
usefulness of the others you have cited.
Explain how this work illuminates your topic.
Include relevant links to other work done in the area.
9. Informative
This form of annotation is a summary of the
source.
Informative annotations sometimes read like
straight summaries of the source material.
They spend more time summarizing relevant
information about the author or the work itself.
10. Indicative
This form of annotation defines the scope of
the source, lists the significant topics included,
and tells what the source is about.
There is no attempt to give actual data such as
hypotheses, proofs, etc.
Generally, only topics or chapter titles are
included.
11. Evaluative
In this form of annotation you need to assess
the source's strengths and weaknesses.
Say why the source is interesting or helpful to
you, or why it is not.
List what kind of and how much information is
given; in short, evaluate the source's usefulness.
12. Combination
An annotated bibliography may combine
elements of all the types
They contain one or two sentences
summarizing or describing content and one or
two sentences providing an evaluation.
13. Formats for Citing Sources
MLA (Modern Language Association) Generally used for disciplines in
the literature, arts, and humanities, such as English, languages, film, and
cultural studies or other theoretical studies.
APA (American Psychological Association) Natural and social sciences,
such as psychology, nursing, sociology, education and social work. It is also
used in economics, business, and criminology.
CBE (Council of Biology Editors)/CSE (Council of Science Editors)
Used by the plant sciences, zoology, microbiology, and many of the medical
sciences.
Turabian: Designed for college students to use with all subjects.
Chicago: Used with all subjects in the "real world" by books, magazines,
newspapers, and other non-scholarly publications.
14. Informative (summary–tell us what the main findings or
arguments are in the source)
Voeltz, L.M. (1980). Children’s attitudes toward
handicapped peers. American Journal of Mental
Deficiency, 84, 455-464.
Factor analysis of attitude survey responses of 2,392 children revealed
four factors underlying attitudes toward handicapped peers: social-
contact willingness, deviance consequation, and two actual contact
dimensions. Upper elementary-age children, girls, and children in
schools with most contact with severely handicapped peers expressed
the most accepting attitudes. Results of this study suggest the
modifiability of children’s attitudes and the need to develop
interventions to facilitate social acceptance of individual differences in
integrated school settings. (Sternlicht and Windholz, 1984, p. 79)
15. Indicative (descriptive–tell us what is included in the
source)
Griffin, C. Williams, ed. (1982). Teaching writing in
all disciplines. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Ten essays on writing-across-the-curriculum programs,
teaching writing in disciplines other than English, and
teaching techniques for using writing as learning. Essays
include Toby Fulwiler, “Writing: An Act of Cognition”;
Barbara King, “Using Writing in the Mathematics Class:
Theory and Pratice”; Dean Drenk, “Teaching Finance
Through
Writing”; Elaine P. Maimon, “Writing Across the Curriculum:
Past, Present, and Future.”
16. Evaluative (tell us what you think of the source)
Gurko, Leo. (1968). Ernest Hemingway and the pursuit of
heroism. New York: Crowell.
This book is part of a series called “Twentieth Century
American Writers”: a brief introduction to the man and his
work. After fifty pages of straight biography, Gurko
discussed Hemingway’s writing, novel by novel. There’s an
index and a short bibliography, but no notes. The
biographical part is clear and easy to read, but it sounds
too much like a summary.
(Spatt, 1991, p. 322)
17. Combination
Morris, Joyce M. (1959). Reading in the primary school: An
investigation into standards of reading and their
association with primary school characteristics. London:
Newnes, for National Foundation for Educational
Research.
Report of a large-scale investigation into English children’s
reading standards, and their relation to conditions such as
size of classes, types of organisation and methods of
teaching. Based on enquiries in sixty schools in Kent and
covering 8,000 children learning to read English as their
mother tongue. Notable for thoroughness of research
techniques.
18. LOOK AT EXAMPLES:
University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/annotated_bibliographies.html
University of California-Santa Cruz
http://library.ucsc.edu/ref/howto/annotated.html
The OWL at Purdue
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/01/
The Writing Center @ University of Wisconsin, Madison
http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/AnnBib_content.html
If there are questions about how detailed or
evaluative the annotations should be, consult
your research adviser.