Grade 10 Science Week 6
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The document provides evidence for evolution from four areas: fossil records, comparative anatomy, embryonic development, and amino acid sequences. It describes how fossils found in sedimentary rock layers provide evidence of how species have changed over generations. Comparative anatomy shows homologous and analogous structures between species, indicating shared ancestry or convergent evolution. Embryonic development reveals similarity between species in early embryonic stages even if adults differ. Finally, greater similarity in amino acid sequences between organisms suggests a closer evolutionary relationship and common ancestor.
Grade 10 Science Week 6
- 1. PRAYER
- 3. REVIEW
- 4. 4 PICS, 1 WORD V E O L U T I O N
- 6. 4 EVIDENCES FOR EVOLUTION 1. Fossil Record 2. Comparative Anatomy 3. Embryonic Development 4. Amino Acid Sequence
- 7. What is EVOLUTION? In biology, evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection. The theory of evolution is based on the idea that all species? are related and gradually change over time.
- 8. Organisms inhabiting the earth changed over time, their structures, traits, and abilities allowed them to adapt and survive in their environment.
- 9. Data from fossil records, anatomy and morphology, embryonic development and biochemistry could be analyzed to demonstrate if evolution of life on earth has taken place.
- 10. 1. Evidence from Fossils Records Have you ever seen fossils of any organism? Fossils are examples of evidences that paleontologist use in studying evolution. Who are the paleontologist?
- 11. 1. Evidence from Fossils Records Paleontologist a person who studies or is an expert in the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants. Who are the paleontologist? Paleontology is the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants.
- 12. 1. Evidence from Fossils Records Fossils are the traces of organism that lived in the past and were preserved by natural process or catastrophic event. They can be remains of organisms which includes bones, shells, teeth and also feces embedded in rocks, peat, resin, and ice.
- 13. Evidence from Fossils Records ©www.worldatlas.com ©viewsofthemahantango.com Most fossils were commonly found in sedimentary rocks. There were from the hard part of organism like woody stem, bones, or teeth.
- 14. Types of fossil COMPRESSION FOSSIL Black organic residue (carbon ) from original plant adheres to replica IMPRESSION FOSSIL Replica of plant parts lacking organic remains
- 15. 1.Evidence from Fossils Records The age of fossils is determined through fossil dating. It can be specified as either relative or absolute dating. RELATIVE DATING Method used to determine the age of the rocks by comparing them with the rocks in the other layer. The younger sedimentary rock layer is assumed to be found on top and the older rock is found at the bottom layer. Fossil found at the bottom layer is assumed to be older than those on the upper layer.
- 16. 1. Evidence from Fossils Records The age of fossils is determined through fossil dating. It can be specified as either relative or absolute dating. ABSOLUTE DATING is through the use of radioactive isotopes such as carbon 14. Radiometric dating is a method used to determine the age of rocks using the decay radioactive isotopes present in rocks. All organisms has carbon 14 in it. Plants and animals that are still alive constantly replace the supply of carbon in their body and the amount of carbon 14 in their body stays the same
- 18. TIME(MILLION YEARS AGO) PERIOD ERA 1.8-PRESENT RECENT CENOZOIC 23-1.8 QUARTERNARY 65.5-23 TERTIARY 146-65.5 CRETACEOUS MESOZOIC 200-146 JURASSIC 251-200 TRIASSIC 299-251 PERMIAN PALEOZOIC 359-299 CARBOONIFEROUS 416-359 DEVONIAN 444-416 SILURIAN 488-444 ORDOVICIAN 542-488 CAMBRIAN 4600-542 PRECAMBRIAN TIME
- 19. 2.Comparative Anatomy HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE Structure from different species which have similar internal framework, position, and embryonic development are considered to be homologous. Homologous structures may perform different functions in the species living in the different environment , or it may have the same origin but different functions.
- 20. 2.Comparative Anatomy HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE . Here are some examples of homologous structure: The forelimbs of human, cat, whale and bat are structurally the same, but functionally different.
- 21. 2.Comparative Anatomy HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE . The presence of homologous structure is a strong indicator that the organisms evolved from central ancestors. This type of evolution is called divergent evolution. Pliohippus Horse Zebra
- 22. 2.Comparative Anatomy ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE Structures of unrelated species may evolved to alike, because the structure is adapted to similar function. These are called analogous structures. Analogous structures have similar functions but different origin.
- 23. 2.Comparative Anatomy ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE . Here are some examples of analogous structure: Wings of birds ,bat and insect have similar functions but different origin.
- 24. 2.Comparative Anatomy ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE In convergent evolution, the analogous structure of unrelated organisms from different ancestors develop similar function such butterfly wings and birds wings. Ancestral reptile Ancestral bird Ancestral mammal FLIGHT
- 25. 3. Embryonic Development Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
- 26. 3. Embryonic Development An embryo is an early stage of development in organisms. Embryonic development include stages such as blastula, gastrula, and organogenesis. The embryo of fishes, salamanders, lizards, birds, cats, and humans have similar during the first stage of their embryonic development.
- 27. 3. Embryonic Development They have several homologous structures that are not present when the organisms are adult. Studies shows that species that are closely related exhibit similar embryonic development. Even when in adult stage, the organisms are quite different.
- 28. 4. Amino Acid Sequence The greater the similarity in amino acid sequence, the closer the relationship of the organisms. The organisms which are similar in structure and also possess similarity at the biochemical level could probably have a common ancestor.
- 30. 4. Amino Acid Sequence Which organism is closely related to humans? Which organism is least related to humans?