Grassland notes: Notes on world's grassland types & organisms' adaptations to surviving there, including symbiotic relationships with video links
Download as PPT, PDF6 likes13,447 views
The document discusses grasslands, including their various names and types, such as tropical and temperate grasslands. It outlines different symbiotic relationships among animals in these ecosystems, highlighting examples of commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism. The document also details the plant and animal life found in grasslands, emphasizing adaptations that help them thrive in such environments.
Grassland notes: Notes on world's grassland types & organisms' adaptations to surviving there, including symbiotic relationships with video links
- 1. Grasslands PPt. by, Robin D. Seamon
- 2. Other words for grasslands: Plains: means flat land Prairies: N. America Steppes: N. America Savanna: Africa Pampas: South America Campos: South America Veldts (veld): South Africa
- 3. Animal Relationships: Symbiosis- a relationship between two different kinds of animals that lasts over time Commensalism : a symbiotic relationship where one animal benefits & the other is unaffected Parasitism : a symbiotic relationship where one animal benefits & the other is harmed Mutualism: a symbiotic relationship where both animals benefit ADVANCE
- 4. COMMENSALISM: Hyena/vulture & lion: lion kills his meal, this leaves food for scavengers Hyena/vulture Benefits: gets food lion Not affected BACK
- 5. MUTUALISM: Non-toxic acacia trees & ants most acacia trees have toxic thorns. Some that do not, have ant defenders! The ants are nourished by sugar-water produced by the tree just for the ant & the ant viciously attacks anything trying to feed from its host plant! Acacia tree Benefits: no herbivores ants Benefits: no herbivores BACK
- 6. PARASITISM: Cowbird & other grassland birds brown-headed cowbird is a notorious brood parasite. It will lay its eggs in another bird’s nest so that the other bird will hatch & raise its chicks. cowbird Benefits: its eggs get hatched & raised Other bird Hurts: its eggs get ruined BACK
- 7. Grassy, windy, partly dry, “sea of grass” Between dry, arid land and warm, humid land (Usually separates deserts from forests) Deep-rooted grasses, few trees and shrubs TWO TYPES: Tropical grasslands : hot all year with a wet and dry season (savannas) closer to equator Temperate grasslands : hot summers, cold winters, higher than equator
- 8. Tropical grassland: (savannah) Africa 3 Surviving savanna predators 2Survival in the savanna 4 Survival in the S: shelter Surviving Mosquitos
- 9. Temperate grassland: (prairies, pampas) North America
- 10. Grasslands may also be divided into these two groups: Steppes: short grasses, more dry, hot summer, cold winters (Great Plains of US), dust storms (Dust Bowl from overgrazing, plowing, wind) Savannah: tropical grasland, dry season & wet (monsoon) season, less season change, shrubs & small trees, grasses (Australia, India, S. America, Africa) --watering holes
- 11. Plants : grasses, sm. trees & shrubs, palms, acacias, boab tree Animals : hyenas, antelope, zebra, gazelle, lion, rodent, bird, reptile, cheetah
- 12. Savanna Plants Boab tree Acacia tree Palms
- 13. Savanna Animals:
- 14. Prairies: tall grasses, more humid, hot summers(100degrees F) cold winters (-40degrees F) (US midwest- fields of corn, wheat, “ sea of grass” veld -S.Africa pampas - Argentina Plants : grasses, flowers Animals : coyote, fox, skunk, badger, hawk, snake, grasshoppers, insects, field birds, prairie chicken, prairie dog, bison
- 15. Prairie Plants
- 16. Prairie Animals:
- 17. Animal Adaptations: Animals have adapted to dry, windy conditions Grazing animals (eat grass) Browser animals (eat leaves & twigs) Burrowing animals Predators Insects Savannahs: watering holes
- 18. GRASSLAND