Greece Intro.ppt
- 1. Greco-Roman Society • Standard: Examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE. • Essential Question: How did Classical Mediterranean societies interact politically, philosophical, and culturally from 700 BCE to 400 CE?
- 2. Ancient Greece • Element: Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. • Vocabulary: Greek Polis
- 4. Greece • made up of two parts: –mainland –hundreds of small islands
- 5. Geography • important geographic influences – mountains – seas
- 6. Geography • mountain ranges separated the small, independent Greek communities • caused them to develop different ways of life
- 8. Geography • presence of a long seacoast with bays, inlets, and harbors • encouraged sea trade
- 9. Geography Why Trade? • did not have good land for farming • rocky soil (compare to New England in America)
- 10. Aegean Civilizations 3000 B.C. – 1000 B.C. • Mycenaeans • Minoans
- 11. Minoan Civilization • earliest known Greek culture • 3000-1450 BCE • competed with Phoenicians • Traded goods – painted pottery they produced – Swords – Figurines – vessels of precious metals
- 12. Minoan Civilization • Exported art and culture – unique architecture – burial customs – religious ritual – Known as great artisans with their pottery • Bull Leapers • developed a written language Linear A – resembled Egyptian Hieroglyphics • Conquered by Mycenaeans
- 13. Mycenaean Civilization • Fierce warriors that spread there culture through conquest around the Aegean Sea – Set up kingdoms in those areas – Also became wealthy from sea trade
- 14. Mycenaean civilization • “Bronze Age” • named for the fortified site at Mycenae • flourished between 1600 and 1100 B.C. • high point was 1400–1200 B.C. • powerful monarchs lived in fortified palaces built on hills and surrounded by stone walls
- 15. Mycenaean Civilization • military adventures recorded –hundreds of years later –Homer’s epic poems • the Iliad and Odyssey • Trojan War
- 16. Trojan War • fought between the Mycenaeans and the people of Troy • myth or reallity • Achilles led the Mycenaean invasion against the Trojans led by Prince Hector • stalemate for 10 years
- 17. Trojan War • ends with the Trojan Horse – Mycenaean's hide inside – Horse brought into Troy – Mycenaeans burn Troy down – Mycenaeans win
- 18. Mycenaean Civilization • collapsed around 1100 B.C. • conquered by the Dorian Civilization • entered into a Dark Age
- 19. Dark Ages • under the Dorians • population declined • less food • economy collapsed • few records remain from this period • lasted from 1100 to 750 B.C.
- 20. Homer • a blind poet • began a story telling tradition • at the end of the “Dark Age”
- 21. Homer • major works of epic poems: –Iliad and Odyssey • story of the kings of Troy and Mycenae, the Trojan War, and several Greek heroes
- 22. Iliad and Odyssey • regarded as history • became a way to teach Greek culture to Greek children • Myth: traditional story that explains why the world is the way it is
- 23. Homer • established the epic – Heroic story told in the form of a long poem • gave the Greeks an ideal past peopled with heroes • Generations of Greek males used these poems as models of heroism and honor
- 24. Greek Heroes Clockwise from left: Achilles, Jason, Hercules, Perseus, and Odysseus
- 25. Development of the Polis • Element: Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. • Vocabulary: Greek Polis
- 27. City-State evolves Polis: • Greek City-State • included a city and the surrounding land and villages • Usually located on a hill Acropolis: • fortified area on top of a hill • Below acropolis was agora: an open area where people could meet Acropolis of Athens
- 28. Theocracy Etymology • Theos = god • Kratos = power Meaning • a religious body with political power (god is the ruler)
- 29. Monarchy Etymology • Monos = alone • Arkhein = to rule Meaning • Rule of one
- 30. Oligarchy Etymology • Oligos= few • Arkhein = to rule Meaning • Rule of a few
- 31. Democracy Etymology • Demos = common people • Kratos = power Meaning • Power to the People (rule of many)
- 32. The Polis: Distinct City- States… • People felt strong ties/loyalty to their city-state • bitter rivalries between city-states • led to continuous fighting • lead to Greece’s down fall
- 34. Sparta Description: • Military Society • the largest and most sophisticated army in known world
- 35. Sparta Significance: • Army governed life – trained in military – started at age 7 – marry at 20 but live in barracks – retire at 60 – 53 years of service
- 36. Sparta Role of women: • produce healthy children • did not perform many domestic tasks • were trained in athletic events to keep healthy • could own property
- 37. Athens Description: • ruled by a king • seventh century B.C. ruled by an oligarchy • economic problems led to farmers sold into slavery for nonpayment of their debts to aristocrats
- 38. Athens Description: • aristocrats gave power to Solon in 594 B.C. – favored reform – canceled debts but did not give land to the poor • aristocrats in power and the poor unable to obtain land
- 39. Athens • Athens had the world’s first democracy • Democracy: type of government in which all citizens take part in the day to day running of the government