Group 1 assignment

 Computer technology emerged in nursing in
response to the changing and developing
technologies in the health care industry.
 It is analyze according to :
1. Six time period
2. Four major areas
3. Standard initiatives

4. Significant landmarks

 The image of nursing was improving
 Nursing practices improved
 Services were expanding in scope and
complexity
 And the number of nurses was increase

 Computer technology advanced while the
number of health care facilities increased
 Added important dimension to the computer
system, providing more accessible and user-
friendly

 Several
states and large community health
agencies developed or contracted for their
own computer-based management
information syste

 Informatics emerged in the health care industry
and nursing
 Nursing informatics became a specialty in the
field of nursing
 HIS emerged with nursing subsystems
 Order entry
 Kardex
 Results reporting
 Nurse’s notes
 Discharge planning
 Microcomputer or personal computer emerged.

 Computer technology became an integral
part of health care settings
 NI was approved by American Nurses
Association (ANA) as a new nursing specialty
 Brought smaller and faster computers—laptop
and notebook
 LANs and WANs were developed
 Internet was started

 Wireless point of care was developed
 Clinical Information Systems became
individualized in the electronic patient
record (EPR) and patient specific systems
considered for the lifelong longitudinal
record or electronic health record ( EHR)
 The Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act of 1996 was enacted

 Recommended health care providers to use Provider
Identification Number (PIN)
 Lead to several federal and private initiatives for
health care technologies.
 Health Initiative and Institute
 Consolidated Health Information (CHI) initiative
 National Health Information Infrastracture (NHII)
initiative

 Nursing practice
 Nursing administration
 Nursing Education
 Nursing Research

 it has evolved and change radically
 it became an integral part of Electonic
Health Record (HER)
 Data emerged with the introduction of
nursing terminologies by ANA as coded
terminologies usable for the EHR

 It changed the introduction of computer that
link nursing department together in the
hospital.
 It helps policy and procedure manuals to be
access and retrieved by computer
 Internet is being used by the urses to access
digital libraries, online resources and
research pretocol at bedside

 They used computer to enhance
courses, online and distance education in
some universities and school of nursing.
 With the use of internet and teleconference
courses, the time, distance and cost are no
longer barrier to educational program

 Itprovides the impetus to use computer for
analyzing nursing data.
 With advancement of computer technology
database in supporting nursing research
emerged, for online researching and
retreiving information.

1. Nursing practice standards
2. Nursing Data standards
3. Health care data standards organizatons:

 Developed and recommended by the ANA
 ANA:
 Publish the standards of clinical nursing practice which focus not
only on the organizing principles of clinical nursing.
 Recommended that the nursing process serve as the conceptual
framework for the documentation of the nursing practice.
 Joint commission on accreditation of hospital organizatons
(JCAHO) :
 Stress the need for adequate records on patients in hospital and
practice standards for the documentation of care by nurses.
 Recommended acuity systems to determine resource use as well
as required care plans for documenting nursing care.
 Included on there recent manual the required contents of an
HER, such as what data should be collected and how the data
should be organized I the electronic data base.

 Emerge as a new requirement for the EHR.
 ANA :
 Responsible for the recognition of the
terminologies and for determining if they have
met the criteria to be included in the National
Library of Medicine (NLM) Unified Medical
Language System (UMLS).

 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
 A private nonprofit membership
organization.
 American Society for Testing And Materials
(ASTM)
 Health Level Seven (HL7)
 SNOMED International
 National Committee on Vital And Health
Statistics (NCVSH ) work group on computer-
based patient’s record

Different Nursing application focused
on:
• documentation of nursing practice
• Management of patient care
Application were designed for:
• Hospitals
• Ambulatory care settings
• Community health agencies

a.) Early HISs.
b.)Early ambulatory care information systems.
c.) Early community health nursing
information management systems.
d.) Early computer-focused nursing projects.
e.) Early education applications.

 Computers were introduced into the nursing
profession over 35 years ago.
Major Milestones Of Nursing
• Interwoven with the advancement of
computer and information technologies
• The increased need for nursing data
• Development of nursing applications
• Changes making the nursing profession an
autonomous discipline.

 Early conferences
 Meetings
 Early Academic Initiatives
 Initial National League for Nursing Initiatives
 Early international Initiatives
 Initial Educational Sources
 Significant Collaborative Events

Group 1 assignment

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Group 1 assignment