Gsm based garbage disposal
- 1. GSM Based Garbage Disposal System The purpose of this project is to automatically sense the level of a garbage using a microcontroller based system. If the garbage collector is filled then it will alert respective officials using GSM based SMS messages. We are also alerting this information using a Buzzer The major building blocks of this project are explaned in next slides.
- 4. REGULATED POWER SUPPLY Every embedded system requires dc voltage and that that will be 5v supply We are getting 230v, 50 Hz in our house hold applications. We can be used to operate the home appliances like T.V, cooler, fan, light’s Digital electronic devices need digital supply and we can get supply from regulated power supply block Step down transformer (V-0-12 ) Bridge rectifier Capacitive filter Regulator (7805) +5V DC 230 v AC
- 5. TRANSFORMER Transformer is a electromagnetic device which induces the voltage due to magnetic field present between primary and secondary windings. It has two windings called as primary winding and secondary winding. We are giving input 230v input voltage at primary side. The output of transformer is 12v(ac only). We have two types of transformers Step up transformer. Step down transformer.
- 6. STEP UP TRANSFORMER STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER This transformer will step up the voltage that is this transformer will increase the voltage. eg. V-0-12 This type of transformers will step down the voltage. That is this will convert high voltage in to low voltage. eg. 0- 430
- 7. RECTIFIER Rectifier is circuit which converts the ac in to dc. We have two types of rectifier. 1. Full wave rectifier 2. Half wave rectifier Full wave rectifier again classified as follows 1. Bridge rectifier 2. Cetertapped full wave rectifier 3. In this project we are using bridge rectifier because the efficiency of the bridge rectifier is high compare to all rectifiers.
- 8. OSCILLATOR An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a repetitive Electronic signal, often a sine wave or a square wave. PIC micro controller internally having 4mhz clock frequency. We are giving the 20Mhz clock frequency as an external source for increasing the system performance
- 9. LED INDICATORS Led indicators have a life of at least ten years and consume 90 per cent less power than conventional indicators. Depending on the type of the materials (Ga,As,p) led will gives the output in different colors (red, Yellow, green etc..) LED’s emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. LED’s are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component
- 10. MICRO CONTROLLER A microcontroller can be considered a self-contained system with a processor, memory and peripherals and can be used as an embedded system. PIC is a family of Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology. A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple CPU combined with support functions such as a crystal oscillator, watchdog timer, serial and analog I/O etc. PIC Micro controller are having EEPROM. Timers. analogue comparators, UART, and internally there will be a crystal oscillator of 4mhz.
- 11. EMBEDDED SYSTEM An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions often with real-time computing constraints. Embedded system is classified into 3 categories: Stand Alone Embedded System Real-time embedded systems Network communication embedded systems
- 12. Stand Alone Embedded System These systems takes the input in the form of electrical signals from transducers or commands from human beings such as pressing of a button etc.., process them and produces desired output. This entire process of taking input, processing it and giving output is done in standalone mode. Such embedded systems comes under stand alone embedded systems Eg: microwave oven, air conditioner etc..
- 13. Real-time embedded systems Embedded systems which are used to perform a specific task or operation in a specific time period those systems are called as real-time embedded systems. There are two types of real-time embedded systems. 1. Hard Real-time embedded systems: These embedded systems follow an absolute dead line time period i.e.., if the tasking is not done in a particular time period then there is a cause of damage to the entire equipment. Eg: consider a system in which we have to open a valve within 30 milliseconds. If this valve is not opened in 30 ms this may cause damage to the entire equipment. So in such cases we use embedded systems for doing automatic operations.
- 14. 2. Soft Real Time embedded systems These embedded systems follow a relative dead line time period i.e.., if the task is not done in a particular time that will not cause damage to the equipment. Eg: Consider a TV remote control system If the remote control takes a few milliseconds delay it will not cause damage either to the TV or to the remote control. These systems which will not cause damage when they are not operated at considerable time period those systems comes under soft real-time embedded systems.
- 15. Microcontroller • Microcontroller is a special purpose computer which has all the necessary peripherals like I/O ports, RAM, ROM etc.., on a single chip. • Microcontrollers are also called as embedded controllers. • The Microcontroller used in the project is PIC Microcontroller developed by Microchip Incorporation.
- 16. Microcontroller • A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple CPU combined with support functions such as a crystal oscillator, timers, watchdog timer, serial and analog I/O etc. • Microcontrollers are also used in scientific, high technology, and aerospace projects. • Microcontrollers are designed for small or dedicated applications.
- 17. • Some microcontrollers may operate at clock rate frequencies as low as 4 kHz, as this is adequate for many typical applications, enabling low power consumption (mill watts or microwatts) • Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, and toys. • A microcontroller can be considered a self-contained system with a processor, memory and peripherals and can be used with an embedded system.
- 18. PIC CONTROLLER PIC microcontroller has four optional clock sources. Low power crystal Mid range crystal High range crystal RC oscillator (low cost). Programmable timers and on-chip ADC. Up to 12 independent interrupt sources. Powerful output pin control (25 mA (max.) current sourcing capability per pin.) EPROM/OTP/ROM/Flash memory option. I/O port expansion capability.
- 19. Filter • The output of rectifier is not pure DC. It may contain some ripple components that is pulsating DC. To eliminate this ripple components which are present in output we are using filter. • Filter is a circuit which is used to eliminate the ripples present in rectified output. • We have many types of filters. Most of the power supplies are using capacitor filter to filter out the ripples present in output.
- 20. Regulator The output of filter is not constant output voltage it will varies according to changes in input but we want constant output voltage. For this purpose we are using voltage regulator. Regulator is defined as it is a device which will maintain constant output irrespective of changes in input. The most popular regulator series is 78xx series. This series have more advantages. We are using 7805 voltage regulator to maintain constant 5v output voltage irrespective of changes in input voltage.
- 21. What is an LED? • Light-emitting diode • Semiconductor • Has polarity • Types of led given below
- 22. Inside a Light Emitting Diode 1. Transparent Plastic Case 2. Terminal Pins 3. Diode
- 23. How to Connect a LED: • Requires 1.5~2.5V and 10 mA • To prevent overloading, use resistor 470 Ω
- 24. GSM • GSM, which stands for Global System for Mobile communications, reigns (important) as the world’s most widely used cell phone technology. Cell phones use a cell phone service carrier’s GSM network by searching for cell phone towers in the nearby area. • Need of GSM: 1. The GSM study group aimed to provide the followings through the GSM: 2. Improved spectrum efficiency. 3. International roaming. 4. Low-cost mobile sets and base stations (BS) 5. High-quality speech 6. Compatibility with Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and other telephone company services. 7. Support for new services.
- 25. • Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. • GSM – Architecture: A GSM network consists of several functional entities whose functions and interfaces are defined. The GSM network can be divided into following broad parts. · The Mobile Station (MS) · The Base Station Subsystem (BSS) · The Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) · The Operation Support Subsystem (OSS)
- 26. Following fig shows the simple architecture diagram of GSM Network.
- 27. The added components of the GSM architecture include the functions of the databases and messaging systems: Home Location Register (HLR) · Visitor Location Register (VLR) · Equipment Identity Register (EIR) · Authentication Center (AuC) · SMS Serving Center (SMS SC) · Gateway MSC (GMSC) · Charge back Center (CBC) · Transcoder and Adaptation Unit (TRAU)
- 28. • Following fig shows the diagram of GSM Network along with added elements.
- 29. GSM network areas: • In a GSM network, the following areas are defined: • Cell: Cell is the basic service area, one BTS covers one cell. Each cell is given a Cell Global Identity (CGI), a number that uniquely identifies the cell. • Location Area: A group of cells form a Location Area. This is the area that is paged when a subscriber gets an incoming call. Each Location Area is assigned a Location Area Identity (LAI). Each Location Area is served by one or more BSCs. • MSC/VLR Service Area: The area covered by one MSC is called the MSC/VLR service area. • PLMN: The area covered by one network operator is called PLMN. A PLMN can contain one or more MSCs.
- 30. Advantages of GSM: 1.GSM is already used worldwide with over 450 million subscribers. 2. International roaming permits subscribers to use one phone throughout Western Europe. CDMA will work in Asia, but not France, Germany, the U.K. and other popular European destinations. 3.GSM is mature, having started in the mid-80s. This maturity means a more stable network with robust features. CDMA is still building its network. 4.GSM's maturity means engineers cut their teeth on the technology, creating an unconscious preference. 5.The availability of Subscriber Identity Modules, which are smart cards that provide secure data encryption give GSM m-commerce advantages.
- 31. Buzzer Basically it works as sound source based on piezoelectric diaphragm. It is consists of electrode ,when dc voltage applied across electrode produces sound. To switch on buzzer -high 1 To switch off buzzer -low 1
- 32. BUZZER A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic. A buzzer can be operated on two principles. 1. piezo electric buzzer, it generates sound because of the piezoelectric effect. 2. magnetic buzzer is based on the electromagnetic principle. In this project we are going to use magnetic buzzer. characteristics of buzzer circuit : 1. sound level -------------------70-95 dB 2. current consumption---------35-60 ma 3. resonant frequency---------- 1-3 khz
- 33. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION This project is implemented using following software’s: 1.Express PCB – for designing circuit 2. PIC C compiler - for compilation part 3.Proteus 7 (Embedded C) – for simulation part