Guidelines for writing thesis technical reports 2
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The document provides guidelines for writing B.Tech theses/technical reports at the university. It specifies formatting requirements such as paper size, font, line spacing, page limits, and section headings. It also lists the required sections for the thesis such as the cover page, table of contents, chapters for introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and conclusions. Guidelines are provided for writing equations, tables, figures, and referencing sources. The maximum length is 80 pages including references and appendices.
Guidelines for writing thesis technical reports 2
- 1. Guidelines for Writing B.Tech. Thesis/Technical Reports 1. Paper Size: A4 with margins of 1.3” (Left) and 1” (Top-Bottom and Right). 2. Font: Times New Roman, 12 size (except Thesis title; it should have a font size of 16). 3. Line Spacing: 1.2 4. Page Limit: Maximum 80 pages (including list of references and appendices) 5. The thesis should consist of the following: (1) Top Page (see Annex-1 for sample) (2) Cover Page (see Annex-2 for sample) (3) One page for the approval by Supervisor(s) and HOD (see Annex-3 for sample) (4) Acknowledgements (5) Table of Contents (6) Abstract (Maximum one page (1.2 line spacing) along with 5-6 keywords) (7) Chapter 1: Introduction (it should contain background of the study, together with the overall objective of the study in the last paragraph of ‘Introduction’. Specific objectives of the study should be listed under a separate heading “Objectives”). (8) Chapter 2: Review of Literature (9) Chapter 3: Theoretical Consideration (optional) (10) Chapter 4: Materials and Method (11) Chapter 5: Results and Discussion (12) Chapter 6: Summary and Conclusions (13) References (14) Appendices (optional). 6. Section Heading: It should be in ‘Title Case’ and bold. Number all the sections and sub- sections appearing in a chapter. Do provide references (i.e., citation) to support facts and figures wherever applicable. Please cite the references inside the text as: Singh (1991) --- for single author, Jain and Pandey (2004) --- for two authors, or Sinha et al. (2006) ----- for more than two authors. If two or more than two references are to be cited, they should be separated by semi colon as follows: (Kumar et al., 1998; Singh and Sen, 2002; Sharma and Chowdary, 2005). 7. Sub-section Heading: It should be in ‘Sentence Case’ and bold. Divide main sections of each chapter into different sub-sections, wherever applicable and number each of them. 8. All the sections and sub-sections should be left aligned, while the texts under the sections/sub-sections should be ‘justified’ (i.e., ‘left’ as well as ‘right’ aligned). Provide
- 2. ‘Before 6’ or ‘After 6’ space between the first paragraph and section/subsection heading --- don’t use ‘Enter’. However, provide one ‘Enter’ between two paragraphs and don’t use ‘Tab’ before starting a paragraph. 9. Equations: All the equations should be numbered according to the chapters in which they appear (e.g., 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, etc. if the equations appear in Chapter 3 and 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, etc. if they appear in Chapter 4) and the equation number should be right aligned (first use ‘Tabs’ and then ‘Space Bar’ to correctly align the equation numbers). All the equations should be written using ‘Equation Editor’ or ‘MathType’. One example of writing equations and defining variables/parameters is given below (assuming that the equation appears in Chapter 3): t h SW z h K zy h K yx h K x szyx ∂ ∂ =+ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ + ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ + ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ )()()( (3.1) Where, h = hydraulic head; Kx, Ky and Kz = aquifer hydraulic conductivity in the x, y and z directions, respectively; W = general source or sink term (positive for ‘source’ and negative for ‘sink’); Ss = specific storage of the aquifer; and t = time. Inside the text, the equations should be cited as: “From Eqn. (3.1), it is clear that -----.” 10. Units of Measurement: SI units should be followed throughout the thesis. If non-SI units which are widely used in practice by field engineers or industries are necessary to be used in the thesis, their equivalent figures in SI units should mentioned in the bracket. 11. Tables: They should contain both horizontal and vertical lines like Standard MS-Word tables, and must have appropriate titles in ‘Sentence Case’. Don’t put period (.) at the end of table title. All the tables must be cited inside the text and should be numbered according to the chapters in which they appear (e.g., Table 3.1 if it appears in Chapter 3; Table 4.1 if it appears in Chapter 4; and so on). An example for preparing tables is given in Annex-4. 12. Figures: They should be numbered according to the chapters in which they appear (e.g., Fig. 3.1 if it appears in Chapter 3; Fig. 4.1 if it appears in Chapter 4; and so on) and have appropriate captions in ‘Sentence Case’. At the end of each figure caption, please put period (.). All the figures must be cited inside the text. An example for writing figure captions is given in Annex-5. 13. Tables and Figures should be of good quality. If some tables and figures are taken as such or modified from published sources; accordingly their sources must be cited at the end of the table title and at the end of figure caption. Direct ‘cut and paste’ of the Tables and Figures from published sources should be avoided. 14. Page Numbering: 2
- 3. • Page numbers for the prefacing materials of the thesis (i.e., before Chapter 1) shall be in small Roman numerals (e.g., i, ii, iii, etc.) and should be centered at the bottom of the pages. • Page numbers for the body of the thesis should be in Arabic numerals (e.g., -1-, -2-, -3-, etc.) and should be centered at the bottom of the pages. The pagination should start with the first page of Chapter 1 and should continue throughout the text (including tables, figures, and appendices). 15. References: All the references cited inside the text must be listed according to the format given below and arranged in an alphabetical order. Make sure that all the listed references are cited correctly inside the text. 16. Format for Listing References (1) Journal Papers (Always write the name of journals in full): Dozier, J. (1992). Opportunities to improve hydrologic data. Reviews of Geophysics, 30(4): 315- 331. Alley, W.M. and Leake, S.A. (2004). The journey from safe yield to sustainability. Ground Water, 42(1): 12-16. Evans, R.G. and Sadler, E.J. (2008). Methods and technologies to improve efficiency of water use. Water Resources Research, Vol. 44, W00E04, doi:10.1029/2007WR006200. Adams, T.M., Tang, A.Y.S. and Wiegand, N. (1993). Spatial data models for managing subsurface data. Journal of Computation in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 7(3): 260-277. (2) Conference/Symposium Papers Ayibotele, N.B. (1992). The world's water: Assessing the resource. Proceedings of the International Conference on Water and the Environment: Development Issues for 21st Century, 26-31 January 1992, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 1.1-1.25. Schultz, G.A. (1993). Application of GIS and Remote Sensing in Hydrology. In: K. Kovar and H.P. Nachtnebel (editors), Application of Geographic Information Systems in Hydrology and Water Resources Management, IAHS Publication No. 211, IAHS Press, Wallingford, pp. 127-140. Perumal, M. and Sahoo, B. (2006). Evaluation of criteria for the choice of flood routing methods. Proceedings of the 15th Congress of APD-IAHR and the International Symposium on Maritime Hydraulics (ISMH), 7-10 August 2006, Department of Ocean Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India, Vol. I, pp. 559-565. (3) Books (Authored and Edited) Anderson, M.P. and Woessner, W.W. (1992). Applied Groundwater Modeling. Academic Press, San Diego, 381 pp. Schultz G.A. and Engman, E.T. (editors) (2000). Remote Sensing in Hydrology and Water Management. Springer, Berlin, pp. 150-320. (4) Reports/Bulletins/Thesis 3
- 4. IMD (2002). Damage Potential of Tropical Cyclones. India Meteorological Department (IMD), Government of India, New Delhi, pp. 10-30. MoEF (2005). State of Forest Report. Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 152 pp. Sophocleous, M. (editor) (1998). Perspectives on Sustainable Development of Water Resources in Kansas. Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 239, Kansas Geological Survey, Kansas, USA. Hayami, S. (1951). On the Propagation of Flood Waves. Bulletin of Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan, Vol. 1, pp. 1-16. Trewin, B.C. (2001). Extreme Temperature Events in Australia. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. (5) Chapters in Edited Books Haan, C.T. and Storm, D.E. (1996). Nonpoint source pollution modeling with GIS. In: V.P. Singh and M. Fiorentino (editors), Geographical Information Systems in Hydrology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 323-338. Seth, S.M. (1998). Flood hydrology and flood management in India. In: V.S. Kale (editor), Flood Studies in India, Memoir 41, Geological Society of India, Bangalore, pp. 155-172. (6) Internet Articles IPCC (2001). Third Assessment Report --- Climate Change 2001. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, http://www.ipcc.ch (accessed on June 15, 2003). Musa, K.A., Akhir, J.M. and Abdullah, I. (2000). Groundwater prediction potential zone in Langat Basin using the integration of remote sensing and GIS. www.GISdevelopment.net (accessed on July 24, 2003). 4
- 5. Annex-1 Sample Top Page COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF HEC-HMS AND WEPP HYDROLOGIC MODELS FOR SIMULATING WATERSHED RUNOFF (The title is in Times New Roman Font with 16-point size, Bold, 1.2 Line spacing) Rajesh Kumar Mahara (Candidate’s name in Times New Roman Font, 14-point size in Bold Italics, Centered) 5
- 6. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT IOE-PASHCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS POKHARA – 16 (Times New Roman, 14-point size, Bold, 1.2 Line spacing, Centered) Annex-2 Detailed Format for Cover Page THE TITLE OF THE THESIS ON THE SECOND PAGE SHOULD LOOK LIKE THIS (Times New Roman, 16-point size, Bold and Centered) Thesis submitted to Western Region Campus, Pokhara for the award of the degree (4 lines gap) (Times New Roman, 12-point size, Bold, Italics and Centered) of (1 line gap) (Times New Roman, 12-point size, Bold, Italics, Centered) Bachelor of Engineering (1 line gap) (Times New Roman, 14-point size, Bold, (Centered) by (1 line gap) (Times New Roman 12-point size, Bold, Italics, Centered) Pradeep Sengupta (1 line gap) (Times New Roman, 14-point size, Bold, Centered) under the guidance of (2 lines gap) (Times New Roman, 12-point size, Bold, Italics, Centered) Asso. Prof. Ram Prasad Poudel (1 line gap) (Times New Roman, 12-point size, Bold, Centered) 6
- 7. (TU LOGO) DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IOE-PASHCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, POKHARA DECEMBER, 2015 (Times New Roman, 14-point size, Bold, 1.2 Line spacing, Centered) Sample Cover Page COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF HEC-HMS AND WEPP HYDROLOGIC MODELS FOR SIMULATING WATERSHED RUNOFF Thesis submitted to Pashchimanchal Campus, Pokhara for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering by Rajesh Kumar Mahara (Roll No.: 069BME307) Under the guidance of Asso. Prof. Ram Prasad Poudel 7
- 8. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IOE-PASHCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, POKHARA DECEMBER, 2015 Annex-3 Sample Approval Page COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF HEC-HMS AND WEPP HYDROLOGIC MODELS FOR SIMULATING WATERSHED RUNOFF Thesis submitted by Rajesh Kumar Mahara (Roll No.: 069BME307) Approved by Er. Madan K. Jha Er. A. Mishra Asso. Prof. R. P. Poudel (Supervisor) (Supervisor) (Head of the Department) 8
- 9. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IOE-PASHCHIMANCHAL CAMPUS, POKHARA DECEMBER, 2015 Annex-4 Sample Table (assuming that the table appears in Chapter 5) Table 5.1. Subsurface formation parameters at different sites of Gopali area Note: ∞ indicates the last layer of infinite thickness; - indicates no further layer. Site Layer Resistivity (ohm-m) Layer Thickness (m) RMSE (ohm-m)ρ1 ρ2 ρ3 ρ4 ρ5 H1 H2 H3 H4 G-1 2196.1 5 385.21 150.0 7 46.25 - 0.7 8 3.24 5.34 ∞ 19.3628 G-2 1375.1 3 468.79 62.5 29.22 - 1.3 5 2.95 17.5 ∞ 35.3181 G-3 1571.4 6 175.14 60.59 - - 2.2 2 2.01 ∞ - 46.9599 G-4 1455.5 3 325.06 25.12 69.86 - 1.2 5 2.88 24.4 3 ∞ 33.7324 G-5 484.31 141.93 19.6 59.78 - 2.5 3 3.66 17.4 ∞ 9.5598 G-6 1067.5 8 221.49 9 28.33 135.5 1 38.4 7 1.0 2 3.41 6.17 11.3 8 10.8859 G-7 85.01 178.71 52.77 80.17 - 1.0 3 5.04 46.0 2 ∞ 7.5898 9
- 10. Annex-5 Sample for writing Figure Caption R2 = 0.83 0 100 200 300 400 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Observed Runoff (m 3 /s) SimulatedRunoff(m 3 /s) Data points 1:1 line Linear (Data points) Fig. 5.1. Scatter plot of observed versus HEC-HMS simulated runoff for the year 2001. 10