Guidelines ph,d thesis

KARUNYA UNIVERSITY
(Karunya institute of Technology and Sciences)
(Declared as Deemed-to-be-under Sec-3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore-641 114, INDIA
GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF Ph. D. THESIS
1. GENERAL
The manual is intended to provide broad guidelines to the research scholars in the
preparation of the Thesis. In general, the Thesis shall report, in an organized and scholarly
fashion, an account of original research work of the research scholar leading to the
discovery of new facts or techniques or correlation of facts already known (analytical,
experimental, hardware oriented, etc.). Thesis shall demonstrate a quality as to make a
definite contribution to the advancement of knowledge and the research scholar's ability
to undertake sustained research and present the findings in an appropriate manner with
actual accomplishments of thework.
Instruction
The scholars are expected to read carefully the instructions given in the sequel and
meticulously follow them in the preparation of the Thesis. Non-compliance with any of
these instructions may lead to the rejection of the Thesis submitted.
2. SIZE OF THESIS
The size of the Thesis should not exceed 300 pages of typed matter reckoned from
the first page of Chapter 1 to the last page of the Appendix.
3. ARRANGEMENT OF THE CONTENTS OF THETHESIS
The sequence in which the Thesis material should be arranged and bound as
follows:
1. Cover Page and Title page (as shown in Appendix1)
2. Declaration by the candidate(as shown in Appendix2)

3. Bonafide Certificate (as shown in Appendix3)
4. Abstract
5. Acknowledgement
6. Table of Contents (as shown in Appendix4)
7. List of Tables
8. List of Figures
8. List of Symbols and Abbreviations (as shown in Appendix5)
9. Chapters
10.Appendices
11.References
12.List of Publications
13.Curriculum Vitae
The Tables and Figures should be included at appropriate places in the text of the
Thesis.
4. PAGE DIMENSIONS ANDMARGIN
Standard A4 Size (297 mm x 210 mm) paper may be used for preparing the copies. The
dimensions of the final bound Thesis (3 copies) report should be 290 mm x 205 mm.
Thesis should be bound with black calico cloth and using flexible cover of thick white
art paper.
The final thesis (at the time of submission) should have the following margins:
Top edge : 30 to 35 mm
Bottom edge : 25 to 30 mm
Left side : 35 to 40 mm
Right side : 20 to 25 mm
The Thesis should be prepared on good quality white paper preferably not lower than
80 gsm. Tables and Figures should conform to the margin specifications. Large size
Figures should be photographically or otherwise reduced to the appropriate size before
insertion.

5. MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
In the preparation of the manuscript, care should be taken to ensure that all textual
matter is typewritten to the extent possible in the same format as may be required for
the final Thesis. Hence some of the information required for the final typing of the
Thesis is also included in this section.
The heading of all items from 2 to 12 listed in section 3 should be typed in capital
letters without function and centered 50 mm below the top of the page. The text
should commence 4 spaces below this heading. The page numbering for all items
from 1 to 8 should be done using lower case Roman numerals and the pages
thereafter should be numbered using Arabic numerals.
Equations may be preferably typed using Microsoft Equation Editor or other
Equation Editors.
5.1 Cover Page & Title Page - A specimen copy of the Cover page and Title page for
the Thesis is given in Appendix1.
5.2 Declaration by the Candidate-Typical copy of declaration by the Ph.D candidate
is enclosed in Appendix2.
5.3 Bonafide Certificate - The Bonafide Certificate shall be typed in double line
spacing using Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 13 as per the format
shown in Appendix 3.
The certificate shall carry the Supervisor’s signature and shall be followed by
Supervisor’s name, academic designation (not any other responsibilities of
administrative nature), department and full address of the institution where the
Supervisor has guided the research scholar. The term ‘SUPERVISOR’ must be typed
in capital letters between the Supervisor’s name and academic designation. Signature
of the Joint Supervisor with the details specified as above should be included
wherever it is applicable. Other details are shown in Appendix3.

5.4 Abstract - Abstract should be an essay type of narration not exceeding four pages
outlining the research problem, methodology used for tackling it and a summary of
the findings. This shall be typed in double line spacing using Font Style Times
New Roman and Font Size 13.
5.5 Acknowledgement – It should be brief and should not exceed one page when typed
in double spacing. The scholar’s signature shall be made at the bottom right end
above his/her name typed incapitals.
5.5 Table of Contents should list all captions following it as well as any caption which
precedes it. The title page, Bonafide Certificate and Acknowledgment will not find
a place among the items listed in the Table of Contents but the page numbers of
which are in lower case Roman letters. One and a half spacing should be adopted for
typing the matter under his head. A specimen copy of the Table Contents for the
Thesis is given in Appendix4.
5.6 List of Table - The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear above
the Tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter
under thishead.
5.7 List of Figures - The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear below
the Figures in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter
under thishead.
5.8 Tables and Figures – “Table” means tabulated numerical data in the body of the
Thesis as well as in the appendices. All other non-verbal material used in the body
of the Thesis and appendices such as charts, graphs, maps, photographs and
diagrams may be designated asFigures.
 A Table or Figure including caption should be accommodated within
the prescribed margin limits and appear on the page following the
page where their first reference is made.

 Tables and Figures on half page or less in length may appear on the same page
along with the text. However, they should be separated from the text both above
and below by triplespacing.
 All Tables and Figures should be prepared on the same paper or material used
for the preparation of the rest of theThesis.
 Two or more small Tables or Figures may be grouped if necessary in a single
page.
 Wherever possible, the photograph(s) shall be reproduced on a full sheet of
photographic paper or color Xerox.
 More than one photograph can be included in apage.
 Samples of Fabric, Leather, etc., if absolutely necessary may be attached evenly in
a page and fixed/pasted suitably and should be treated asFigures.
5.9 List of Symbols and Abbreviations - One and a half spacing should be adopted for
typing the matter under this head. Standard symbols, abbreviations, etc. should be
used. The list should be arranged alphabetically with respect to the contents on
the right side as shown in Appendix5.
Chapters - The chapters may be broadly divided into 3 parts:
(i) Introductorychapter
The introductory chapter will have sections covering: (a) general introduction and
importance of the project area, (b) Literature survey, and (c) Objectives of the
proposed research project.
(ii) Chapters developing the main theme of the Thesis, Materials andMethods,
Results andDiscussion
The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may be further
divided into several divisions andsub-divisions.
❖ Each chapter should be given an appropriatetitle.

❖ Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate vicinity
of the reference where they arecited.
(iii) Conclusions andScope
5.10 Appendices - Appendices are provided to give supplementary information, which if
included in the main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme
underdiscussion.
✓ Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals, e.g. Appendix 1,
Appendix 2, etc.
✓ Appendices, Tables and references appearing in appendices should be
numbered and refereed to at appropriate places just as in the case of chapters.
✓ Appendices shall carry the title of the work reported and the same title shall be
included in the Table of Contents pagealso.
✓ The list of publications (those already published/accepted for publication in Journals
and papers presented in Conferences/Symposia) made by research scholar during
the period of research, shall be brought in the Appendix titled, as List of Publications
and the same shall be reported in the Table of Contents.
5.12 List of References - Any works of other researchers, if used either directly or
indirectly, the origin of the material thus refereed to at appropriate places in the
Thesis should be indicated. The author’s publications during the period of research
should not be included in the references and can be separately mentioned as in
5.11. A paper, a monograph or a book may be designated by the name of the first
author followed by the year of publication, placed inside brackets at the appropriate
places in the Thesis. The citation may assume any one of the followingforms.
Examples of Citation
(i) An improved algorithm has been adopted in the literature (Rupf 2009)
(ii) Masseyand Mittelholzer (2008) have dealt at length this principle
(iii) The problem of mechanical manupulators has been studied by Anigstein et al.

(2010) and certain limitations of the method used, has been pointed out by Anigstein
et al. (2010).
(iv) When reports prepared by well known agencies are cited, the name of the
organization (Example: World Health Organization, Bureau of Indian Standards)
with year of publication may be given as citation. Ex: World Health Organisation
(2006)
The listing should be typed 4 spaces below the heading "REFERENCES" in single
spacing. The reference material should be listed in the alphabetical order of the first
author. The name of the author/authors should be immediately followed by the other
details and year. A typical illustrative list given below relates to the citation example
quotedabove.
Examples of references
Abdou. L., Ami Saada. R., Meftah. F. and Mebarki. A. (2006) “Experimental
investigations of the joint-mortar behaviour”, Mechanics Research
Communications 33, 370-379.
Central Ground Water Board Ministry of Water Resources Government of India.
(2010) “Groundwater Quality in Shallow Aquifers of India”, Faridabad.
Deodhar. S.V. and Patel. A. N. (1996) “Behavior of brick masonry in compression”
Journal of Structural Engineering 22, 221-227.
Mitsch. W.J. and Gosselink. J.G. (1993) Wetlands, Second Edition, Van Nostrand
Reinhold, New York, 110-111.

Sarangapani. G., Venkatarama Reddy. B. V. and Jagadish. K. S. (2009) “Structural
characteristics of bricks, mortars and masonry” Journal of Structural Engineering
29 (2),101-110.
Tomazevic. M. (2009) “Shear resistance of masonry walls and Eurocode 6: shear
versus tensile strength of masonry”, Materials and Structures 42, 889-895.
Wong. Y. L., Lam L., Poon. C. S. and Zhou. F. P. (1999) “Properties of fly ash-
modified cement mortar-aggregate interfaces”, Cement and Concrete Research 29,
1905-1911.
5.13 Curriculum Vitae - A vitae restricted to one page in double spacingcontaining
the salient potentialities of the author shall be made at the end of the Thesis.
6. TYPINGINSTRUCTIONS
6.1 General
This section includes additional information for final typing of the Thesis. The
impressions on the typed/Xeroxed/printed copies should be black in colour.
A sub-heading at the bottom of a page must have at least two full lines below it or
else it should be carried over to the next page.
The last word of any page should not be split using a hyphen. One and a half spacing
should be used for typing the general text. The general text shall be typed in Font
Style Times New Roman and Font Size 13. One and half spacing should be used
for typing:
(i) Long Tables
(ii) Long quotations
(iii) Foot notes
(iv) Multilinecaptions
(v) References
All quotations exceeding one line should be typed in an indented space - the
indentation being 15 mm from either side of themargin.

6.2 Chapters
The format for typing Chapter headings, Division headings and Sub-division
headings are explained by the following illustrative examples.
Chapter heading (bold, caps, size: 16) : CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Division heading (bold, caps, size: 13) : 1.1 THESIS OUTLINE
Sub-division heading (bold, size: 13) : 1.1.1 Literature Review
The word CHAPTER without punctuation should be centered 50 mm down from the
top of the page. Two spaces below, the title of the chapter should be typed centrally
in capital letters. The text should commence 4 spaces below this title, the first letter
of the text starting 20 mm inside from the left hand margin.
The division and sub-division captions along with their numberings should be left
justified. The typed material directly below division or sub-division heading should
commence 2 spaces below it and should be offset 20 mm from the left hand margin.
Within a division or sub-division paragraphs are permitted. Even paragraph should
commence 3 spaces below the last line of the preceding paragraph, the first letter in
the paragraph being offset from the left hand margin by 20mm.
7. NUMBERING INSTRUCTIONS
7.1 Page Numbering
All page numbers (whether it is in Roman or Arabic numbers) should be typed
without punctuation on the central bottom of each page. The preliminary pages of
the Thesis (such as Title page, Acknowledgement, Table of Contents, etc.) should be
numbered in lower case Roman numerals. The title page will be numbered as (i) but
this should not be typed. The page immediately following the title page shall be
numbered as (ii) and it should appear at the top right hand corner as already specified.
Pages of main text, starting with Chapter 1 should be consecutively

numbered using Arabic numerals.
7.2 Numbering of Chapters, Divisions andSub-Divisions
The numbering of chapters, divisions and sub-divisions should be done using Arabic
numerals only and further decimal notation should be used for numbering the
divisions and sub-divisions within a chapter. For example sub-division 4 under
division 3 belonging to chapter 2 should be numbered as 2.3.4. The caption for the
sub-division should immediately follow the number assigned to it. Every chapter
beginning with the first chapter should be serially numbered using Arabic numerals.
Appendices, included if any, should also be numbered in an identical manner starting
with Appendix 1.
7.3 Numbering of Tables andFigures
Tables and Figures appearing anywhere in the Thesis should bear appropriate
numbers. The rule for assigning such numbers is illustrated by an example. Thus, if
a Figure in Chapter 3, happens to be the fourth then assign 3.4 to that Figure. Identical
rules apply for Tables except that the word Figure is replaced by the word Table. If
Figures (or Tables) appear in appendices then Figure 3 in Appendix 2 will be
designated as Figure A 2.3. If a table to be continued into the next page this may be
done, but no line should be drawn underneath an unfinished Table. The top line of
the Table continued into the next page should, for example read Table 2.1
(continued) placed centrally and underlined.
7.4 Numbering of Equations
Equations appearing in each Chapter or Appendix should be numbered serially, the
numbering should commence afresh for each Chapter or Appendix. Thus for
example, an equation appearing in Chapter 4, if it happens to be the eighth equation
in that Chapter should be numbered as (4.8) thus:
While referring to this equation in the body of the Thesis it should be referred to
as Equation (4.8).

8 BINDINGSPECIFICATIONS
Thesis (3 copies) should be bound with black calico cloth and using flexible covers
of thick white paper. The cover should be printed in black letters and the text for
printing should be identical to what has been prescribed for the title page.
Soft copy of the thesis in CD form (1 Nos) should be submitted for University
Archives and for any other purpose deemed fit by the authorities.

APPENDIX 1
A typical Specimen of Cover Page and Title Page

TITLE (should be in capital letters)
 <1.5 line spacing>
A THESIS

submitted by
 <Italic>
SCHOLAR’s NAME(Reg. No.)
(previous degree Certificate Name only, Qualification should not be mentioned)

in partial fulfillment for the requirement of award of the degree of
 <Italic> <1.5 line spacing>
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
in
under the supervision of
SUPERVISOR’s NAME (Qualification should not be mentioned)

and the joint supervision of
JOINT SUPERVISOR’s NAME (Qualification should not be mentioned)

Karunya Logo should be in colour
DEPARTMENT OF (font size 14)
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
KARUNYA UNIVERSITY (font size 16) (single line spacing)
(Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences)
(Declared as Deemed-to-be-University under Sec-3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore - 641 114. INDIA
<1.0 line spacing>
JULY 2016 (should be in capitals Font Size 16)

INVESTIGATIONS ON MACHINING OF Al-TiB2 METAL MATRIX
COMPOSITES USING MINIMAL QUANTITY LUBRICATION
A THESIS
Submitted by
ROBERT L (09ZB021)
in partial fulfillment for the requirement of award of the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
under the supervision of
Dr. CHRISTY T V
and the joint supervision of
Dr. ROBINSON SMART D S
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
KARUNYA UNIVERSITY
(Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences)
(Declared as Deemed-to-be-University under Sec-3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore - 641 114. INDIA
JULY 2016

ii
<Roman Numbering Font size 13 >
APPENDIX 2
DECLARATION
(should be in capital letters)


I, Name (Reg. No.) hereby declare that the thesis, entitled
“ ”, submitted to the Karunya University, in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in
Engineering is a record of original and independent research work done by me during the
period 2012– 2015, under the Supervision and guidance of , Professor,
Department of _Engineering, Karunya University and under the Joint-
Supervision of , Associate Professor, Department of _
Engineering, Karunya University. The work contained in this thesis has not been previously
submitted to meet the requirements for a degree or diploma at this or any other higher education
institution.
ROBERT L
(font size 13)
(Don’t type) Scholar’s signature should be above his/her name

iii
<Roman Numbering Font size 13 >
APPENDIX 3
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
(should be in capital letters)

 <1.5 line spacing>
Certified that this Thesis titled “ _” is the bonafide work of Mr./Ms.
Name(Reg. No.) who carried out the research under my supervision. Certified further, that to
the best of my knowledge the work reported herein does not form part of any other thesis or
dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on
this or any other scholar.
<<Signature of the Joint Supervisor>> <<Signature of the Supervisor>>
<<Name of Joint-Supervisor>> <<Name of Supervisor>>
JOINT-SUPERVISOR SUPERVISOR
<<Academic Designation>>
(not any other responsibilities of administrative nature)
Countersigned by
<<Signature of the HoD>>
<<HoD Name and Official Address>>
Dept. round seal

iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page
No. No.
DECLARATION ii
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE iii
ABSTRACT iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES xiii
LIST OF FIGURES xv
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS xix
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Overview 3
1.1.1 Block diagram 3
1.2 How does it occur? 5
1.3 Cardiovascular disease types 6
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 10
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 A survey on risk factors
involved in heart attack 15
2.3 A survey on clinical decision
support systems 18

v
3 PREDICTION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
FROM RISK FACTORS 20
3.1 Introduction 24
3.2 Modelling the OES 24
3.3 Risk factors 24
3.3.1 Trifle illustration 26
3.4 Data Mining techniques 28
3.5 Architecture of artificial neural network 35
4 PREDICTION OF ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION FROM ECG 40
4.1 Introduction 40
4.2 ST segment in ECG data 44
4.3 ECG processing using data mining techniques 46
5 EVALUATION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
PREDICTION FROM RISK FACTORS 48
5.1 Introduction 48
5.2 Analysis of myocardial infarction prediction
from the risk factors 65
5.3 Accuracy measurement of ANN 70
5.4 Summary 80
6 EVALUATION OF STEMI PREDICTION FROM ECG 81
6.1 Introduction 81
6.2 Analysis of STEMI prediction using classification
and regression trees 95
6.3 STEMI prediction using bacterial foraging optimization
algorithm 101

vi
6.4 Regression analysis 105
6.4.1 Regression analysis of CART 105
6.4.2 Regression analysis of BFOA 106
6.5 Summary 107
7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 108
7.1 Summary 109
7.2 Future scope 115
APPENDIX 120
REFERENCES 130
LIST OF PUBLICATION 140
CURRICULUM VITAE 150

vii
LIST OF TABLES
Table
No.
Title Page
No.
1.1 Normal ECG intervals 3
1.2 Killips class classification 6
3.1 Classification of Risk Factors 34
3.2 OES Classification of Risk Factors 34
3.3 OES RV of age factor 35
3.4 Risk Factors with OES RV 35
4.1 Sample input data set for chi merge algorithm 43
4.2 Normalized values for the sample input dataset 44
4.3 Normal sinus rhythm to detect the STEMI 45
5.1 Weights against each risk factors 48
5.2 Accuracy rates obtained by the Artificial Neural Network 50
6.1 Cost complexities and training MSE 85

viii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
No. No.
1.1 Electrical system of the heart 5
1.2 Normal ECG Waveform 5
1.3 ST elevation myocardial infarction 6
3.1 OES to predict the heart disease from risk factors 33
3.2 OES RV of lipid profile 33
3.3 OES RV of diastolic blood pressure 34
3.4 OES RV of systolic blood pressure 35
4.1 ST segment representation in normal ECG curve 43
4.2 Elevation in the ST segment 44
4.3 Depression in the ST segment 45
4.4 Measurements involved in an ECG curve 45
5.1 J point in the ECG graph 48
5.2 Anterior STEMI 48
5.3 Posterior STEMI 49
5.4 Inferior STEMI 50
6.1 ECG graph with ST segment elevation 85
6.2 Work flow of ST Extraction 100

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