Hacking
- 1. HACKING MUHAMMAD FAIZ IZZUDDIN BIN DAUD
- 2. Definition of Hacking Hacker is a term applied often to computer software or computer hardware programmers , designers and administrators, and especially those who are perceived as experts or highly accomplished A hacker is also someone who modifies electronics, for example, harm radio transceivers, printers or even home sprinkler systems for extra functionality or performance. The term usually bears strong connotations, but may be either favorable or denigrating depending on cultural
- 3. Hackers Activities A hacker is working with computers and network systems Confidentiality, Integrity, and Access . This includes individuals who work toward maintaining and improving the integrity of such mechanisms. Sometimes they also gain anunauthorized access by clever tactics and detailed knowledge, while taking advantage of any carelessness or ignorance on the part of system operators.
- 4. Great Hackers Many programmers have been labeled "great hackers," but the specifics of who that label applies to is a matter of opinion. Certainly major contributors to computer science such as Edsger Dijkstra and Donald Knuth , as well as the inventors of popular software such as Linus Torvalds ( Linux ), and Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson (the C programming language ) are likely to be included in any such list.
- 5. Planning A Hacking Step 1. Reconnaissance In this first step, hackers employ extensive pre-operative surveillance to find out detailed information about an organization that will help them later gain unauthorized access to computer systems. The most common method is social engineering, or tricking an employee into revealing sensitive information (such as a telephone number or a password). Other methods include dumpster diving, or rifling through an organization’s trash to find sensitive information (such as floppy disks or important documents that have not been shredded). This step can be automated if the attacker installs on an office computer a virus, worm, or “Spyware” program that performs surveillance and then transmits useful information, such as passwords, back to the attacker. “ Spyware” is a form of malicious code that is quietly installed on a computer without user knowledge when a user visits a malicious web site. It may remain undetected by firewalls or current anti-virus security products while monitoring keystrokes to record web activity or collect snapshots of screen displays and other restricted information for transmission back to an unknown third party.
- 6. Step 2.Scanning Once in possession of special restricted information, or a few critical phone numbers, an attacker performs additional surveillance by scanning an organization’s computer software and network configuration to find possible entry points. This process goes slowly, sometimes lasting months, as the attacker looks for several vulnerable openings into a system.network and bypass firewall security. Anewer way of scanning for vulnerabilities is called “ War Driving”, where hackers drive randomly through a neighborhood trying to detect signals from business or home wireless networks. Once a network is detected, the hacker may park nearby and attempt to log on to gain free, unauthorized access. “ antiforensics tools” are now available on the Internet that allow hackers to more effectively hide their actions, and thus defeat more investigators who search for technical evidence of computer intrusions. Step 3.Gaining Access Once the attacker has developed an inventory of software and configuration vulnerabilities on a target network, he or she may quietly take over a system and network by using a stolen password to create a phony account, or by exploiting a vulnerability that allows themto install amalicious Trojan Horse, or automatic “bot” that will await further commands sent through the Internet.
- 7. Step 4: Maintaining access Once an attacker has gained unauthorized access, he or she may secretly install extra malicious programs that allow them to return as often as they wish. These programs, known as “Root Kits” or “Back Doors”, run unnoticed and can allow an attacker to secretly access a network at will. If the attacker can gain all the special privileges of a system administrator, then the computer or network has been completely taken over, and is “owned” by the attacker. Sometimes the attacker will reconfigure a computer system, or install software patches to close the previous security vulnerabilities just to keep other hackers out. Step 5: Covering Tracks Sophisticated attackers desire quiet, unimpeded access to the computer systems and data they take over. They must stay hidden to maintain control and gather more intelligence, or to refine preparations to maximize damage. The “Root Kit” or “Trojan Horse” programs often allow the attacker to modify the log files of the computer system, or to create hidden files to help avoid detection by the legitimate systemadministrator. Security systemsmay not detect the unauthorized activities of a careful intruder for a long period of time.
- 8. Affect of Hacking in Society Recently people become afraid to use credit card facilities in an internet due to a robbery of a credit card. Hackers also use their knowledge to crack a new software to be use for him/herself or to be sold as pirate vcd.
- 9. Reference "The Hacker Papers" in Psychology Today August 1980 USA Today Article Wired Article For example, Theo de Raadt and Richard Stallman http://www.softpanorama.org/People/Stallman/prophet.shtml