Hands-on Workshop on Building Digital Twin for Factory of the Future
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The document discusses Digital Twin, a key element of Industry 4.0. It provides an overview of Digital Twin including definitions, examples, and the features and capabilities of Eclipse Ditto, an open source Digital Twin platform. Specifically, it allows [1] creation of virtual representations of physical devices through abstractions and APIs, [2] interaction with and modification of Digital Twins, and [3] searching across large sets of Digital Twins through filtering and querying. The presentation aims to demonstrate how Digital Twin technologies like Eclipse Ditto can help implement key Industry 4.0 use cases.
![© Fraunhofer 16
n A Policy enables developers to
configure fine-grained access control in
an easy way.
n A specific policy defines who (subject)
is granted or revoked permissions
(rights) on a specific resource.
n The resource can be defined as rough
or as fine-grained as necessary for the
respective use case.
n Granted and prohibited
Policy
"policyId": "namespace:policy-a",
"entries": {
"owner": {
"subjects": {
"nginx:ditto": {
"type": "nginx basic auth user"
}
},
"resources": {
"thing:/": {
"grant": ["READ", "WRITE"],
},
"policy:/": {
"grant": ["READ", "WRITE"],
},
"thing:/features/firmware": {
"revoke": ["WRITE"]
}
For comprehensive example refer: https://www.eclipse.org/ditto/basic-policy.html](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4hands-onworkshoponbuildingdigitaltwin-210611032448/85/Hands-on-Workshop-on-Building-Digital-Twin-for-Factory-of-the-Future-16-320.jpg)
Hands-on Workshop on Building Digital Twin for Factory of the Future
- 1. © Fraunhofer Pankesh Patel Digital Twin: a key element of Industry 4.0
- 2. © Fraunhofer 2 n Motivation n Industry 4.0 use cases n Digital Twin n State of the art n Digital Twin technology n Eclipse Ditto, Features n Demo n Summary and Q&A Agenda
- 3. © Fraunhofer 3 Deep integration Image source: https://assets.dm.ux.sap.com/de-leonardolive/pdfs/50982_acatech_v1.pdf
- 4. © Fraunhofer 4 Service-oriented architecture use cases Sensor-Service Valve-Service Pump-Service Control-Service Communication-Service Digital Twin hardware-independent Device Control hardware-dependent Slide source: https://bit.ly/2ylnEjQ • Self-organization • Flexible manufacturing • Fault tolerance
- 5. © Fraunhofer 5 n Quality assurance n Asset maintenance n early fault detection n New business model n Subscription-based services Track & Trace Tech Mahindra Track & Trace : https://bit.ly/2OcAloW Slide Source: https://bit.ly/2Qe1aX6
- 6. © Fraunhofer 6 n Reduce downtime, extend lifetime of an asset, increase energy efficiency n Optimized operational planning and schedule n Potential business models n Monitoring services, sensors n New features and integration offerings over time (new apps, security updates, subscription based services, cloud-based platforms) Smart maintenance ABB Ability smart sensor solutions - source: https://bit.ly/2Q6izB5
- 7. © Fraunhofer 7 Digital twin and edge computing HTTP WS Web App Mobile App Reference: https://bit.ly/2NvGTzF Cloud Service/App AMQP Devices App Store Chatbot Market place Services <<Protocol Adapter>> MQTT <<Protocol Adapter>> HTTP <<Protocol Adapter>> Custom IoTSuite
- 8. © Fraunhofer 8 Let's try to find out if Digital Twin can help Digital Twin: A key element of "Industry 4.0" Reference: https://bit.ly/2NvGTzF
- 9. © Fraunhofer 9 n A digital twin is a virtual representation of its real world counterpart n Examples : production equipment, production facilities n Similar terms: "Device shadow" (AWS), "Device twin" (Azure), "Asset administration shell" (Germany) n A digital twin n Mirrors physical devices n Provides services around devices n Keeps real and digital worlds in sync What is digital twin? Source: https://www.eclipse.org/ditto/intro-digitaltwins.html Digital twin Physical device Image source: https://bit.ly/2O1hkFV
- 10. © Fraunhofer 10 n Open source technology for implementing digital twins n The goal is to free IoT solutions from the need of implementing backend services for devices. n Focus on business requirements and applications n Active community n Chat: https://gitter.im/eclipse/ditto n Github: https://github.com/eclipse/ditto (commits: 2000+) Eclipse ditto Image source: https://www.eclipse.org/ditto/
- 11. © Fraunhofer 11 n Device-as-a-Service n Provide a higher abstraction level in form of an API used to work with individual devices n providing an API abstracting from the hardware, n routing requests between hardware and customer apps, n ensuring only authorized access, n persisting last reported state of hardware as cache and for providing the data when hardware is currently not connected, n notifying interested parties about changes, Eclipse Ditto Features Source: https://www.eclipse.org/ditto/intro-overview.html
- 12. © Fraunhofer 12 curl –u ditto:ditto –X PUT –d '{ "attributes": { "manufacturer": "ACME", "VIN": "0815666337" }, "features": { "transmission": { "properties": { "cur_speed": 90, } }, "environment-scanner": { "properties": { "temperature": 20.8, "humidity": 73, }' 'http://localhost:8080/things/namespace:car1' n PUT APIs to create a digital twin n Static metadata (attributes) n Dynamic state data (features) n Real-time (fed by sensors) Abstractions to create a Digital Twin Image source: https://zd.net/2NZPBoZ l username password Thing ID
- 13. © Fraunhofer 13 n Querying an existing a Digital Twin n curl -u ditto:ditto -X GET 'http://localhost:8080/api/1/things/car1' n Querying one specific state value of a Digital Twin n curl -u ditto:ditto -X GET 'http://localhost:8080/api/1/things/car1/features/tran smission/properties/cur_speed' n Updating one specific state value of a Digital Twin n curl -u ditto:ditto -X PUT -d '77' 'http://localhost:8080/api/1/things/car1/features/tran smission/properties/cur_speed' Abstractions to interact with an existing digital twin Eclipse Ditto HTTP API : https://www.eclipse.org/ditto/http-api-doc.html#/Things HTTP API Concepts : https://www.eclipse.org/ditto/httpapi-concepts.html
- 14. © Fraunhofer 14 n The functionality and data is protected by using n Authentication to make sure the requester is the one she claims to be n HTTP Basic authentication by providing username and password n A JWT issued by google or other openID connect providers n Authorization to make sure the requester is allowed to see, use or change the information she wants to access n Authorization is implemented with ACL and a policy Authentication and authorization Source: https://www.eclipse.org/ditto/basic-auth.html
- 15. © Fraunhofer 15 n APIs contains an inline ACL defining which authenticated parties may READ, WRITE, and ADMINISTRATE the thing Access control list (ACL) curl –u ditto:ditto –X PUT –d '{ "thingId" : "org.eclipse.ditto:car1", "acl": { "ditto": { READ: true, WRITE: false, "ADMINISTRATE": true } }, "attributes": { … } "features": { … }, }' 'http://localhost:8080/things/ns:car1' User name Access Control READ: allows to read things (reading ACL and receives notification; reading attributes and features) WRITE: allows to write/modify a thing (e.g., create/update /delete a thing, attributes, and features) ADMINISTRATE: allows to modify ACL of a Thing and to create/update/delete attributes, features "acl":{ "ditto":{ "READ":true,"WRITE":false,"ADMINISTRATE":false }, "adam":{ "READ":true,"WRITE":true,"ADMINISTRATE":true } }
- 16. © Fraunhofer 16 n A Policy enables developers to configure fine-grained access control in an easy way. n A specific policy defines who (subject) is granted or revoked permissions (rights) on a specific resource. n The resource can be defined as rough or as fine-grained as necessary for the respective use case. n Granted and prohibited Policy "policyId": "namespace:policy-a", "entries": { "owner": { "subjects": { "nginx:ditto": { "type": "nginx basic auth user" } }, "resources": { "thing:/": { "grant": ["READ", "WRITE"], }, "policy:/": { "grant": ["READ", "WRITE"], }, "thing:/features/firmware": { "revoke": ["WRITE"] } For comprehensive example refer: https://www.eclipse.org/ditto/basic-policy.html
- 17. © Fraunhofer 17 n State management for digital twins n Differ between reported (last known), desired (target), and current state (live) of devices, including support for synchronization and publishing of state changes. n Last known state of an offline device n Allows to filter for specific criteria on notification n RQL (Resource Query Language) expression to filter events Eclipse ditto features
- 18. © Fraunhofer 18 Twin vs live - Uses ditto as persistence - Enforces access control - Processes commands - Uses ditto as router - Enforces access control - Processes commands Source: https://bit.ly/2NvGTzF
- 19. © Fraunhofer 19 Notification about changes Via WebSocket send/receive ditto protocol message Via HTML5 Sever Sent Events receive changes in Thing JSON form Server Sent Events (SSEs) https://bit.ly/2NvGTzF Web Socket Binding https://www.eclipse.org/ditto/httpapi-protocol-bindings-websocket.html Slide source: https://bit.ly/2NvGTzF
- 20. © Fraunhofer 20 n Support finding and selecting sets of digital twins by providing search functionality on meta data and state data n Search over a large number of digital twins n Tagging devices – What are the advantages? Searching sets of digital twins Eclipse Ditto Industry 4.0 App Industrial Assets, deployed at factory floors Image source: https://thenounproject.com/ l Search
- 21. © Fraunhofer 21 n Ditto utilizes a subset of Resource Query Language (RQL) as language for specifying queries. n Enforces access control over search results n Supported RQL expressions to write a complex query n RQL filter: It specifies “what” to filter. n RQL sorting: It specifies in which order the result should be returned. n Example: n Search for all things located in “factory-area1”, reorder the list to start with the lowest thing ID as the first element, return the first 5 results. Feature: search Source: RQL: https://github.com/persvr/rql Source: RQL for Ditto: https://www.eclipse.org/ditto/basic-rql.html Filter: eq(attributes/location,“factory-area1") Sorting: sort(+thingId) Paging: limit(0,5) HTTP API Search:: https://www.eclipse.org/ditto/httpapi-search.html
- 22. © Fraunhofer 22 n Searching all things with the same manufacturer name “Siemens” curl -u ditto:ditto -X GET 'http://localhost:8080/api/1/search/things?filter=eq(attributes/ manufacturer,"Siemens")‘ n Filter all things, whose manufacturer differnet than ABB curl -u ditto:ditto -X GET 'http://localhost:8080/api/1/search/things?filter=ne(attr ibutes/manufacturer,"ABB")‘ Examples: searching on meta data
- 23. © Fraunhofer 23 n Filter all things with ID greater than "A000" n gt(thingId, "A000") n Filter all things with thingID "A000" or "AB00" or "AZ99" n in(thingId, "A000", "AB00", "AZ99") n Filter all electrical-motors, which are located in the "factory-area1" n and(exists(features/electrical-motors), eq(attributes/location, "factory-area1")) Examples: searching on meta data Reference: :https://www.eclipse.org/ditto/basic-search.html https://www.eclipse.org/ditto/basic-rql.html
- 24. © Fraunhofer 24 n Searching all things with the temperature greater than 60'C curl -u ditto:ditto -X GET 'http://localhost:8080/api/1/search/things?filter=eq(sensors/pro perties/temperature, 60)‘ n Combining meta data and state value n Searching all things, which has ABB manufacturer and temperature greather than 60'C curl -u ditto:ditto -X GET 'http://localhost:8080/api/1/search /things? filter=and(eq(attributes/manufacturer, "ABB"), eq(features/properties/temperature, 60))' Examples: searching on state data
- 25. © Fraunhofer 25 n Router of message, Enforcement of access control n Examples n Enhance a location aware Twin with the current weather n Enhance a Twin with an API for its known spare parts Orchestration (Horizontal Integration) Image source : https://bit.ly/2xwj0xP Slide source: https://bit.ly/2NvGTzF
- 26. © Fraunhofer 26 Demo Digital Twin: A key element of "Industry 4.0" Reference: https://bit.ly/2NvGTzF
- 27. © Fraunhofer 27 n Digital Twin n Exciting area with a lot of business opportunities in Industry 4.0/IoT domain n Open source framework – Ditto to implement Digital Twins n Features: n Devices as a Service n Discovery n Orchestration/Integration Summary…
- 28. © Fraunhofer THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Questions?
- 29. © Fraunhofer 29 Contact… Pankesh Patel, PhD Senior Research Scientist, Fraunhofer USA/ Center for Experimental Software Engineering (CESE), College Park, Maryland, USA. Mobile: +1 240-302-3609, Fax: 240 487 2960 Email: ppatel@fc-md.umd.edu / ppatel@cese.fraunhofer.org
- 30. © Fraunhofer 30 Backup slides
- 31. © Fraunhofer Project overview IOTSUITE: A TOOLKIT FOR PROTOTYPING INTERENT OF THINGS APPLICATIONS
- 32. © Fraunhofer 32 Motivation Different types of devices, Platforms, Runtime systems Heterogeneity Node-centric programming - Large number of devices
- 33. © Fraunhofer 33 State of the art – IoT application development Programming Languages RAD tools Cloud - Full control on AL (app logic) - More development effort - Reduce development effort - Platform-specific design (Language, Runtime) - Reduce development effort, ease of deployment & evolutio (due to centralized system) - Cloud-dependent design Database - Reduce development effort - Less flexible to introduce customized application logic
- 34. © Fraunhofer 34 n Separation of Concerns (reusability) n Integration of existing DSL (reduce complexity & effort) n Automation wherever possible (reduce effort) n Macroprogramming Our approach Code generators PIM PSM Node PSM … C1 C2 Cn … Horizontal Separation of Concerns Vertical Separation of Concerns PIM – Platform Independent Model PSM – Platform Specific Model
- 35. © Fraunhofer 35 IoTSuite: Overview Domain Spec. Functional Spec. Deployment Spec. Compiler Deployment Module Generated Programming Framework (GPL) Android Packages Node.js Packages Java Packages Developer Developer Application Logic (GPL) Sensing/Actuating Framework
- 36. © Fraunhofer 36 IoTSuite: Detail view Domain spec. Compilation of vocabulary Deployment spec. Mapper Mapping files Compilation of architecture Developer Application logic Architecture framework Sensing/actuating framework Domain framework Architecture spec. Linker Android devices PC PC Developer Developer Developer
- 37. © Fraunhofer 37 Domain Concepts that are responsible for interacting with EoI of a domain - Sensor, actuator, storage Actuator Sensor Storage Domain Room temperature (e.g. building automation) Building fire state
- 38. © Fraunhofer 38 Functional Actuator Sensor Storage Computational service Computational service response request publish/ subscribe command Concepts that are responsible for - processing data and taking decisions Domain Room temperature (e.g. building automation) Functionality Home fire detection Building HVAC Building fire state
- 39. © Fraunhofer 39 Computational service Deployment Actuator Storage Sensor response request publish/ subscribe command Computational service Device Device Device Device Device Concepts to describe various properties of devices Domain Room temperature (e.g. building automation) Functionality Deployment Building fire state Home fire detection Building HVAC Site1 Site 2
- 40. © Fraunhofer 40 IoTSuite: Platform Independent Parser Code generator IoTSuite Domain Spec. Architecture Spec. Deployment Spec. JavaSE Android Node Python Other System specification (Platform independent) Adding a new platform as a plugin Code generation of a framework in a target platform ANTLR, a parser generator from a grammar StringTemplate, a template engine for generating source code
- 41. © Fraunhofer 41 IoTSuite: Platform independent Runtime System Device Middleware wrapper Generated code For Device X It runs on each individual device & provide support for executing distributed tasks. IoTSuite generates code for a device It plugs “generated code for a device” & runtime system. It implements interface specified in a support library, specific to a runtime system. Support for MQTT & iBICOOP,
- 42. © Fraunhofer 42 Demo IoTSuite: A toolsuite for building rapid Industry 4.0 applications Reference: https://bit.ly/2NvGTzF