Towards application development for the physical cyber-social systems
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This document discusses challenges in developing applications for physical-cyber-social systems due to heterogeneity, large scale, and requiring multiple expertise. It proposes a development framework that separates concerns through high-level programming abstractions and automation to address these challenges. The framework uses vocabulary and architecture languages and frameworks to specify domains and functionality, compiles these into middleware, and links generated code for different devices and platforms.
![Physical-Cyber Systems
2
Plants notify its users on twitter
whether it needs water
[http://www.botanicalls.com/ ]
Can track user’s run and report
him through the cyber world
[http://www.nike.com/]
- Communication capability
- Computational component
- Sensors, actuators attached
- Involved in info. exchange between
physical & cyber world
image credit to organizations, who own copyrights of used
images](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/towardsapplicationdevelopmentforthephysical-cyber-socialsystems-140630231446-phpapp01/85/Towards-application-development-for-the-physical-cyber-social-systems-2-320.jpg)
![Cyber-Social Systems
3
a social networking platform for individuals
to publicly share their medical data (e.g., medications,
mood) [http://www.patientslikeme.com/]
Delhi Traffic Police sends SMS to its subscribing citizens
about traffic conditions periodically*
- People share their activities,
knowledge, opinions, experiences
- Humans in loops
* Pramod Anantharam and Biplav Srivastava, City Notifications as a Data Source for Traffic Management.
In Proceedings of the 20th ITS World Congress 2013,Tokyo, Japan.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/towardsapplicationdevelopmentforthephysical-cyber-socialsystems-140630231446-phpapp01/85/Towards-application-development-for-the-physical-cyber-social-systems-3-320.jpg)
![Goal
6
“Enable development** of PCS applications
with minimal effort by various stakeholders*
involved in development process”
**Development -- “a set of related activities that leads to a production of a software product.’’ [Ian
Sommerville, Software Engineering (9th edition) , 2010]
*Stakeholders in software engineering to mean – people, who are involved in the application
development. Examples of stakeholders defined in [Taylor et al., Software Architecture, 2009] are
software designer, developer, domain expert, technologist, etc.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/towardsapplicationdevelopmentforthephysical-cyber-socialsystems-140630231446-phpapp01/85/Towards-application-development-for-the-physical-cyber-social-systems-6-320.jpg)
![Towards PCS application development
10
A development framework*
Separate application development into different concerns.
Provide high-level programming abstractions, addressing
heterogeneity and scale.
Automate application development where possible.
*It includes support programs, code libraries, high-level languages or other software that help
stakeholders to develop and glue together different components of a software product [Ian
Sommerville, Software Engineering (9th edition) , 2010].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/towardsapplicationdevelopmentforthephysical-cyber-socialsystems-140630231446-phpapp01/85/Towards-application-development-for-the-physical-cyber-social-systems-10-320.jpg)
Towards application development for the physical cyber-social systems
- 1. Towards Application Development for the Physical-Cyber-Social Systems Pankesh Patel and Sanjay Chaudhary Open Data Camp, Indian School of Business (ISB) Hyderabad, June 28, 2014
- 2. Physical-Cyber Systems 2 Plants notify its users on twitter whether it needs water [http://www.botanicalls.com/ ] Can track user’s run and report him through the cyber world [http://www.nike.com/] - Communication capability - Computational component - Sensors, actuators attached - Involved in info. exchange between physical & cyber world image credit to organizations, who own copyrights of used images
- 3. Cyber-Social Systems 3 a social networking platform for individuals to publicly share their medical data (e.g., medications, mood) [http://www.patientslikeme.com/] Delhi Traffic Police sends SMS to its subscribing citizens about traffic conditions periodically* - People share their activities, knowledge, opinions, experiences - Humans in loops * Pramod Anantharam and Biplav Srivastava, City Notifications as a Data Source for Traffic Management. In Proceedings of the 20th ITS World Congress 2013,Tokyo, Japan.
- 4. Envisioning a holistic approach 4 Computational components leverages observations from sensors, information from people to understand, correlate, and act for addressing challenges in various domains. Physical-Cyber-Social Computing* * Amit Sheth, Pramod Anantharam, and Cory Henson, Physical-Cyber-Social Computing: An early 21st Century Approach, IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2013.
- 5. Example: Traffic 5 Social/textual observations about city events, which may influence traffic Data from machine sensors (speed, noise, camera, location) - Which places are prone to events, how often and for how long ? - For different event types, what places are most likely to be affected? - How does one city compare with another in terms of different events? Active (accident, breakdown) & scheduled (planned/ sporting event) event list Pramod Anantharam and Biplav Srivastava., City Notifications as a Data Source for Traffic Management. In Proceedings of the 20th ITS World Congress 2013,Tokyo, Japan.
- 6. Goal 6 “Enable development** of PCS applications with minimal effort by various stakeholders* involved in development process” **Development -- “a set of related activities that leads to a production of a software product.’’ [Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering (9th edition) , 2010] *Stakeholders in software engineering to mean – people, who are involved in the application development. Examples of stakeholders defined in [Taylor et al., Software Architecture, 2009] are software designer, developer, domain expert, technologist, etc.
- 7. Application development challenges 7 Heterogeneity Types (e.g., sensor, actuator, storage, processing element, user interface, web service) Interaction modes (e.g., publish/subscribe, request/response, command) Platforms (e.g., Android, JavaSE) Communication protocols (e.g., REST, MQTT, XMPP) Spreads into the application code, Makes the portability of code difficult image credit to organizations, who own copyrights of used images
- 8. Application development challenges 8 Heterogeneity Large number Application logic in terms of a set of distributed tasks for hundreds to thousands of objects To reason at such levels of scale is impractical in general image credit to organizations, who own copyrights of used images
- 9. Application development challenges 9 Heterogeneity Large number Multiple expertise Knowledge from multiple concerns intersect Application domain Software design Algorithm design, programming languages Platform-specific knowledge Clear conflict with skill possessed by the individual developer image credit to organizations, who own copyrights of used images
- 10. Towards PCS application development 10 A development framework* Separate application development into different concerns. Provide high-level programming abstractions, addressing heterogeneity and scale. Automate application development where possible. *It includes support programs, code libraries, high-level languages or other software that help stakeholders to develop and glue together different components of a software product [Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering (9th edition) , 2010].
- 11. 11 Domain Sensor(s) Actuator(s) Computational service sense act Sense-Compute-Control (SCC) Slide credit: Damien Cassou - http://www.slideshare.net/DamienCassou/phd-thesis- defense - Computing low-level data to high-level knowledge
- 12. 12 Domain Traffic (e.g. Smart city) Separation of concerns Functionality Parking guidance & info. Traffic control & monitoring Energy image credit to organizations, who own copyrights of used images Computational service Computational service StorageSensor retrievalsensor measurement Actuator action Publish/ subscribe Request/ Response Command
- 13. 13 Domain Traffic (e.g. Smart city) Separation of concerns Functionality Parking guidance & info. Traffic control & monitoring Energy image credit to organizations, who own copyrights of used images Computational service Computational service StorageSensor retrievalsensor measurement Actuator action Vocabulary Language (VL) Vocabulary Language (VL) Architecture Language (AL)
- 14. 14 Domai n expert Vocabulary spec. Compilation of vocabulary Device develope r Device driver Vocabulary framework Architectur e spec. Compilation of architecture Application developer Application logic Architectur e frameworkSoftware designer Linker Android devices PC PC Our approach Generated code For Device X Middleware
- 15. Summary 15 Physical-cyber-social systems - holistic approach Challenges: Heterogeneity, Large number Multiple expertise Development framework Separation of concerns Abstractions Automation
- 16. 16 Thanks for listening me Email: pankesh.patel@ahduni.edu.in Implementation of this work with documentations, running on both Android and JavaSE device and MQTT middleware https://github.com/pankeshlinux/IoTSuite/wiki