HEALTH PE 7 Q4 1 Discuss basic first aid concepts, objectives, principles, and procedures for managing common conditions.pptx

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THE
BASIC OF
FIRST AID

Learning Competency:
•Discuss basic first aid concepts,
objectives, principles, and procedures
for managing common conditions

ACTIVITY 1
Splint Sprint:
Objective: Learn how to apply splints.
Procedure:
•Demonstrate how to use items like magazines and
sticks as splints.
•Students practice applying splints on each other.
•Discuss when splints are necessary and how to
check for circulation.

First Aid Scenario Skits:
Objective: Understand how to react in different first aid
scenarios.
Procedure:
•Assign different first aid scenarios to groups.
•Groups create and perform a skit demonstrating the
correct first aid response.
•Class discusses the actions taken and suggests
improvements
ACTIVITY 2

Objectives:
• Explain the meaning and importance of first
aid.
•Develop the sense of responsibility to help
others through the knowledge and application
of the first aid.

INTRODUCTION
•“Prioritizing prevention enhances safety
consciousness, a crucial factor in fostering a high-
quality life.” This adage underscores the
importance of being proactive to avoid potential
hazards and maintain well-being
•Nowhere is a place safe; not even the comfort of
our homes. Accidents may happen at any place,
anytime to anybody.

•Thus, taking the right safety measures
greatly helps to prevent accidents and
injuries. It is therefore important to have
the knowledge and skills on how to deal
with them.
•Having knowledge and skills in safety
education and injury prevention could help
us, our loved ones and other people in our
community during emergency situations.

•To live happily, you have to live safely by:
• doing things safely
• reducing the risk of accidents
• reducing unnecessary risk taking
• developing safety consciousness at all times
•Once you have internalized safety awareness in your
system, you will think and act with due regard for your
safety and that of others as well.

•Today, you will learn about the
basics of First Aid, its meaning and
importance.
•You are expected to be able to
discuss the characteristics of a good
first aider, and the roles,
responsibilities, and principles of
first aid.

Here is what you need to know…
First aid constitutes the prompt and provisional
treatment administered to an individual who
experiences a sudden illness or injury.
It includes self-help and home care if
medical assistance is not available or is
delayed.

It can mean the difference between life
and death in extreme cases.
However, first aiders must know the
limits of the first aid they can give
because improper first aid can actually
do more harm than good in some
instances.

1. It is a bridge that fills the gap
between the victim and the physician.
2. It is not intended to compete with or to
take the place of the services of the physician.
3. It ends when the services of the physician
begins.
Roles of First Aid

1. GENTLE – does not cause pain and panic
2. OBSERVANT – notices all signs
3. RESOURCEFUL – makes the best use of things at
hand
4. TACTFUL – does not frighten the victim
5. SYMPATHETIC – comforts and reassures the victim
Characteristics of a Good First
Aider

Objectives of First Aid
1. To save lives
2. To prolong life
3. To alleviate suffering
4. To prevent further injury

Principles of First Aid
(Dos in Giving First Aid)
1.DO stay calm.
2.DO reassure & comfort the
victim
3.DO check for a medical
bracelet indication a condition,
such as epilepsy or diabetes
4. DO loosen any tight clothing.
5.DO keep the victim covered to
reduce shock
(Don’ts in Giving First
Aid)
1.DON’T give food and
drink to an unconscious
person.
2.DON’T move an injured
person unless you need
to place him/her in the
recovery position.

Generalization
•Why do we need to give
immediate action to an emergency
situation?

•In a ½ crosswise paper answer the following
question.
1)What is the ultimate goal in giving first aid?
2)What should we remember when giving
first aid?
QUIZ

LESSON 2:
SURVEY OF THE
SCENE AND THE
VICTIMS

Vital signs are measures of various physiological
statistics taken in order to assess the most basic body
functions.
The act of taking vital signs normally entails recording
body temperature,
pulse rate or heart rate,
blood pressure,
and respiratory rate.
Here is what you need to know…

Before, Airways, Breathing and
Circulation (ABC) are mnemonics
for essential steps used by both
medical professionals and lay
persons such as first aiders when
dealing with a patient.

•CPR is a lifesaving technique useful in
many emergencies, including heart
attack or near drowning, in which
someone's breathing or heartbeat has
stopped.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
(CPR)

Difference between signs and symptoms
•Signs are details discovered by applying your
senses – sight, touch, hearing and smell during
the course of the examination.
Example: Bleeding, swelling, deformities
•Symptoms are sensations that the victim feels or
experiences and may be able to describe.
Example: Nausea, vomiting, heat, impaired
sensations

Two way to conduct physical
examination
A. PRIMARY SURVEY
-Is used when the victim is unconscious and to find out
and immediately treat life-threatening conditions.
a. Check for consciousness
I. Ask the victim: “Hey, hey, are you okay?’ while carefully
shaking the victim’s shoulder.
II. When there is no response, not even mumbles 0r groans,
the victim is unconscious and in the need of immediate
medical help.

b. Open the Airway
1. The victim’s unconsciousness may be due to an
obstruction in his/her airway. It may also be caused
by a narrowed airway making breathing impossible.
2. Find out if there is loss of muscular control in the
throat area which allows the tongue to slip back and
block the throat.
3. Lift the chin and tilt the head of the victim (if the
victim is an adult). This way you will be able to lift
the tongue from the back of the throat, leaving the
airway clear.

c. Check for Breathing
I. Put your face near the victim’s mouth and
look, listen, and feel for breathing. You
should observe for:
o Chest movement or sound of breathing, or
feel of breath on your check.

d. Check for Circulation
1.Locate pulse using your middle and index
finger. Pulse indicates blood circulation,
which is essential for the heart and brain to
function.
2.Poor blood circulation may be reflected on
the pale color of the skin. This is fatal.
3.To revive circulation. Perform CPR
immediately.

2. Secondary Survey
•Secondary survey is used when the victim is
conscious or has revived. It aims to detect
everything about the patient’s condition.
•a. History Taking
•SAMPLE PAIN is the mnemonic code in order to
perform the steps more easily.

•S-ymptoms (the chief complaint of the patient)
•A-llergy (find out if the victim is allergic to anything)
•M-edication (what are the medicines s/he is currently taking)
•P-revious illness (that may be related to the problem)
•L-ast meal (only for those subject for operation)
•E-vents prior to what happened
•P-eriod of pain (How long? What started it?)
•A-rea (Where is the pain coming from?)
•I-ntensity
•N-ullify (What stopped it?)

A. Pulse rate
Steps in checking the pulse:
• Use your fingertips in getting the pulse.
Follow the following procedure:
I. Place the finger tip over an artery where it
either crosses a bone or lies close to the
skin.
b. Checking for Vital Signs

2. Feel the pulsations as the pressure wave of blood
causes the vessel wall to expand – that is the pulse.
•The pulse rate may be taken in different points in the
body like:
a. Brachial
b. Carotid
c. Wrist
d. Temporal
e. Axillary
f. Femoral

NO – NO in getting PULSE RATE
•Never use your thumb; it has its own
pulse.
• Do not palpate both the carotid
arteries at the same time.
• Do not get the pulse in sitting position.
Pulsations disappear as the victim is
elevated to sitting position.

Normal Pulse Rate
60-70 Men
70-80 Women
80-100 Children over 7 y/o
100-140 Infants

c. Head to Toe Examination
I. Head and neck
• Are there any lacerations or contusions in the
area?
• Is there a presence of blood in his / her hair? If
yes, immediately find out where it is coming
from.
• Is there any fluid in the victim’s nose, and ears? If
so, the victim has a skull fracture.

2. Eyes
Pay close attention to the pupils.
Pupil Appearance Assessment
Dilated pupil State of shock
Very small pupil Poison or use of prohibited
drugs
Different size Head injury that requires
immediate attention
Small and bright Pupils are reactive
No reaction DEATH

Top 10 things to do in case emergency
1) Shout for HELP!
2)Survey the scene and assess the situation.
3)Determine if the accident warrants a visit to the
nearest hospital – or simple cleansing and band
aid will do.
4)If you are certified in CPR and a victim needs it,
begin CPR right away.
5)Stop the bleeding, if there is any.

Top 10 things to do in case emergency
6)Treat any symptoms of shock.
7)Look for the medical alert tag in every
victim.
8)Seek trained medical assistance.
9)Never give anything by mouth to an
unconscious victim.
10)Wait for medical professionals to arrive.

•Role-Playing First Aid Scenarios:
•Prepare scenario cards depicting various first aid situations
such as minor cuts, burns, sprains, or choking incidents.
•Assign roles to students and have them act out the scenarios,
including providing first aid treatment to the "injured"
person.
•Encourage students to use their knowledge of basic first aid
techniques, such as applying pressure to stop bleeding or
performing the Heimlich maneuver.
•After each scenario, facilitate a debriefing discussion where
students reflect on what they did well and areas for
improvement

.
1. What is the first thing you should
do when you approach a casualty?
A) Check for responsiveness
B) Call for help
C) Start CPR
D) Move the casualty

.
2. How do you treat a minor burn?
A) Cool the burn under running
water
B) Apply butter to the burn
C) Expose the burn to sunlight
D) Cover the burn with a bandage

.
3. What does CPR stand for?
A) Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation
B) Cardio Pulmonary Response
C) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
D) Cardiovascular Pulmonary
Resuscitation

.
4. What is the correct ratio of chest
compressions to rescue breaths in
CPR for an adult?
A) 15:2
B) 30:2
C) 5:1
D) 10:2

.
5. Which of the following is a sign of
choking?
A) Clutching the throat
B) Rubbing the eyes
C) Holding the head
D) Touching the ears

.
6. How should you control bleeding?
A) Apply direct pressure to the wound
B) Wash the wound with hot water
C) Use a tourniquet immediately
D) Elevate the wound above the heart

.
7. What should you do if someone is
having a seizure?
A) Restrain the person
B) Put something in their mouth
C) Clear the area around the person
D) Move the person to another
location

.
8. What is the purpose of the
recovery position?
A) To perform CPR
B) To prevent choking on the tongue
C) To keep the airway clear
D) Both B and C

.
9. What should you NOT do for a
sprained ankle?
A) Apply ice
B) Keep the ankle elevated
C) Massage the ankle
D) Compress the ankle with a bandage

.
10.What is the first aid treatment for
a nosebleed?
A) Tilt the head back
B) Pinch the nose and lean forward
C) Blow the nose to clear blood clots
D) Lay the person down flat

ALWAYS LOOK FOR
A MEDICAL ALERT
TAG IN EVERY
VICTIM 

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